YOUNG’S MODULUS –NON UNIFORM BENDING

PHYSICS OPEN ENDED EXPERIMENT REPORT

Submitted by

CH.SRAVANI (18UECS0198)

N.PRATHYUSHA (18UECS0583)

T.PAVANI PRIYA (18UECS0865)

PRATIGYA (18UECS0689)

KUMKUMKUMARI (18UECS0443)

Vel Tech Rangarajan & Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and
Technology
2019
 Vel Tech Rangarajan & Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of
Science and Technology Chennai 600062

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this open ended experiment report “YOUNG’S MODULUS –

NON UNIFORM BENDING” is the bonafie work of
CH.SRAVANI (18UECS0198), N.PRATHYUSHA (18UECS0583),
T.PAVANI PRIYA (18UECS0865), PRATIGYA (18UECS0689) and
KUMKUM KUMARI (18UECS0443) who carried out the project work under
my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

HEAD OF THE DEPT DR.PAUL PRAVEEN

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER. TITLE PAGE NO.

NO
ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Aim of the experiment 1
1.2 Objective
1.3 Formula 1

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2

2.1 Materials 2
2.2 Method 6
2.3 Diagram 6

3. OBSERVATION 8
3.1 Calculation 11
4. CONCLUSION 13

REFERENCES 14
 ABSTRACT

In solid mechanics, young’s modulus is defined as the ratio of the

longitudinal stress over longitudinal strain, in the range of elasticity the hook’s
law holds (stress is directly proportional to strain). It is a measure of stiffness of
elastic material. Here the given beam (meter scale) is supported symmetrically
on two knife edges and loaded at its center. The maximum depression is
produced at its center. Since the load is applied only one point of the beam, the
bending is not uniform throughout the beam and the bending of the beam is
called non-uniform bending.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

The aim of this open-ended experiment is to determine the young’s modulus non
uniform bending

1.2 OBJECTIVE
To detect the maximum stress applied to the given beam by Non-uniform
bending method.

1.3 FORMULA
Young’s modulus of the material of the beam (meter scale) is:

E= Newton/metre2

E=Young’s modulus of material of the beam (N/m2)

m=Mass suspended at the center of the beam
kilogram) y=Depression at the center of the beam
(metre) g=Acceleration due to gravity (ms-2)
l=Distance between the two knife edges (meter)
b=Breadth of the beam (meter)
d=thickness of the beam (meter)

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 CHAPTER II

MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 MATERIALS

• Wooden beam
• weight hangers with slotted weights
• Pin and two knife edges stands
• Travelling Microscope
• Vernier calipers
• Screw gauge

Fig:2.1.1 wooden beam

2
Fig no:2.1.2 Vernier callipers

Fig No:2.1.3: Screw gauge

3
Fig:2.1.4 slotted weights

Fig:2.1.5 Knife edges

4
Fig:2.1.6 Travelling microscope

Fig:2.1.7 Pin

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2.2 METHOD

1. The given wooden beam is supported symmetrically on two knife

edges. Such that there is 60cm to 80cm between them

2. A pin is fixed vertically at center of beam. A travelling microscope is

placed in front of this arrangement and adjusted so that the tip of the pin is
seen clearly when viewed through eye piece.

3. At the point the weight hanger is suspended at the midpoint exactly at

the pin 4.then weights are added in steps of 50gm and the microscope is
adjusted so that the tip of the image of the pin coincides with horizontal cross
wire.

5. The procedure is followed until max load is reached now weights are
removed from both hangers in step of 50g and in each case note the readings

6. Calculate the difference between mean readings for particular load and
that of dead load gives depression “y” for that load is calculated

2.3 DIAGRAM
Beam

Weights

Knife edges

Travelling microscope

Fig, 2.3(a) young’s modulus non uniform bending

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 Fig, 2.3(b) bending mechanism in wooden scale by nonuniform bending

Experimental Set up

Pin and cross wire

Fig, 2.3(c) young’s modulus non uniform bending

Fig, 1 (a) young’s modulus non uniform

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 CHAPTER III

3.1 OBSERVATION

TO FIND THE BREADTH OF THE BEAM USING VERNIER CALIPER:

Least count of vernier caliper (L.C) = 0.01cm

Zero error (Z.E) = 0 divisions

Zero correction (Z.C) = (Z.E x L.C)=0.01x10-2 m

S.no Main scale Vernier scale Observed reading CR=OR±

Reading coincidence
(M.S.R) (v.s.c) OR=MSR+ ZC
(VSCxLC)

units cm div cm Cm

1 2.35 11 2.46 2.46

2 2.35 10 2.45 2.45

3 2.4 11 2.51 2.51

4 2.3 6 2.36 2.36

5 2.3 11 2.41 2.41

Mean=2.44 x 10 -2 m

Breadth of the beam b=2.44 x 10 -2m

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3.2: TO FIND THE THICKNESS OF THE BEAM USING SCREW
GAUGE:

Least Count of Screw Gauge (L.C) = 0.01 mm

Zero Error (Z.E) = 3 divisions

Zero correction (Z.C) = (Z.E x L.C)=0.03x10-2 m

S.NO Pitch scale Head Scale Observed reading Correct

Reading Reading reading
(P.S.R) (H.S.R) OR=PSR+(HSC x LC)
CR=OR±LC

(mm) (div) (mm) (mm)

Units
1 5 81 5.81 5.84

2 5 88 5.88 5.91

3 5 90 5.9 5.93

4 5 90 5.1 5.13

5 5 95 5.95 5.98

Mean=5.758x10-3m

Thickness of the beam d=5.758x10-3 m

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 TO FIND THE ELEVATION OF THE BEAM USING TRAVELLING
MICRO SCOPE
Total reading (T.R) =M.S. R+(VSCXLC).

Distance b/w two knife edges=60x10-2m

MICROSCOPE READING

S.NO LOAD LOADING UNLOADING MEAN DEPRESSION(y)

MSR VSC TR MSR VSC TR

x10-3 x10-2 x10-2 x10-2 x10-2 x10-2

units div div x10-2m
kg m m m m m
1 W 2.3 4 2.34 2.3 4 2.34 2.34 ------

2 W+50 2.2 2 2.22 2.35 4 2.39 2.305 0.037

3 W+100 2.15 3 2.18 2.3 1 2.31 2.245 0.095

4 W+150 2.1 6 2.16 2.2 7 2.27 2.205 0.09

5 W+200 2.05 8 2.13 2.15 6 2.21 2.18 0.16

6 W+250 2.00 3 2.03 2.1 4 2.14 2.085 0.255

7 W+300 1.8 3 1.83 2.0 2 2.02 1.925 0.415

8 W+350 1.75 2 1.77 1.8 4 1.84 1.805 0.535

9 W+400 1.7 5 1.75 1.7 5 1.75 1.75 0.59

Mean=0.07375 x10-2 N/m2

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CALCULATION:
Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s-2
Distance between the two knife edges l =60 x 10-2 m

Breadth of the beam b = 2.459 x 10-2 m

Thickness of the beam d = 5.758 x 10-3 m

Mass= 50 x 10-3 kg

Young’s modulus of the material of the beam (meter scale) =

E= Newton/metre2

. × ( × ) ×
E= × N/m2
× . × ( . × ) . ×

Young’s modulus of the material of the beam (meter scale)

E= 1.278 x 1010 N/m2

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Graph:

E= Newton/metre2

Slope = Y/M =1.6*103

M/Y from slope = 0.625*10-3

Young’s modulus by non -uniform bending from the slope of the graph
E = 1.1785x 1010 N/m2

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 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

INFERENCE:

In this experiment, we have learnt to determine the Youngs modulus

of the given wooden beam using non uniform bending method

Results

 The young’s modulus by non -uniform bending = 1.278 x 1010 N/m2

 The young’s modulus by non -uniform bending from graph = 1.1785 x 1010
N/m2

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REFERENCES

https://www.vidyarthiplus.com/vp/attachment.php?aid=6506

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8Otf6k3uGk

http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/PY1002_physics_la

boratory_pdf

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