College of science and Technology

School of Engineering
CEGE Department-CCE Program Year Four

Final CAT: GIS &RS - ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

TIME: 2 hours MAXIMUM MARKS = 40 (Valued to 10 Marks)

Question 1 (3 marks)

In the table below indicate the ArcGIS field data types. Define ArcGIS and Select Data type: Short
integer, Long integer, Float, Double, Text, date & Raster in the following table
ArcGIS is a family of client software, server Data type: Short integer, Long integer, Float
software, and online geographic information ,Double, Text, date & Raster
system (GIS) services developed and
maintained by Esri (0.5 mark) (2.5 marks)
1000 Short Integer
27/08/2021 date
Trees, Houses, Maps Texts
30.0645453434322 Double
123.084742 Float
Photograph Text
-1.2436 Float
-1.994747474742 Double
202833104528 Long integer
17 Short integer

Question 2 (5 Marks)

The Following 10 m resolution Data Represents different land use categories in Gaseke Village:

(1) Agriculture = 0.01*10= 0.1 ha ---- 27.77%

(2) Industrial Zone= 0.01*8 = 0.08 ha- 22.22%
(3) Forest = 0.01*5= 0.05 ha ----------- 13.88%
(4) Open land= 0.01 ha*4= 0.04 ha --- 11.11%
(5) Wetland = 0.01*4= 0.04ha ---- -------11.11%
(6) Residential= 0.01*5 = 0.05 ha--------13.88%
(3 MARKS)

Purple(6) is Residential Yellow (1) is agriculture Blue(2) is Industrial zone

Red (5) is waterland Green (3) is Forest Orange (4) is open land

i. Determine area (in Ha) and percentage per every land use Category (3 marks)…………….

i. What is the data model for the given spatial data (0.5 marks)

 Raster data model (0.5 marks)

ii. Is this data representing a continuous or a discrete phenomenon?(0.5 mark)

 This data is representing a discrete phenomenon (0.5 marks)

iii. What Computer representation is used to present that geographical phenomenon
and type? (0.5 mark)
 -- Computer representation is called Digital representation of Geographical
Phenomenon. Its type is Raster data model (0.5 marks)
iv. Is it a raster or vector data? (0.5 mark)
-- This data is a raster (0.5 marks)

Question 3 (2 marks)
The spatial relationships in the figures 3a-3d below are found in a geological layer. Each figure shows
two area features (or geological units): one black and one striped. These features are exclusive:
anything that is black cannot be striped, and vice versa. In each question, mark (with X) the answer
that correctly indicates the topological relationship between these features.

(i) is disjoint from the striped feature (v) is covered by the striped feature
(ii) meets the striped feature (vi) covers the striped feature
(iii) is equal to the striped feature (vii) overlaps the striped feature
(iv) is inside the striped feature

(i) is disjoint from the (iv) is inside the striped (vii) overlaps the striped
striped feature feature feature
(ii) meets the striped (v) is covered by the
feature striped feature
(iii) is equal to the (vi) covers the striped
striped feature feature

(i) is disjoint from the striped (v) is covered by the striped

feature feature
(ii) meets the striped feature (vi) covers the striped feature
(iii) is equal to the striped feature (vii) overlaps the striped feature
(iv) is inside the striped feature
(i) is disjoint from the striped feature
(ii) meets the striped feature
(iii) is equal to the striped feature
(iv) is inside the striped feature
(v) is covered by the striped feature
(vi) covers the striped feature
(vii) overlaps the striped feature
Question 4 (8 marks)
I have a dataset that consists of 30 Districts of Rwanda, Land cover, schools and Land cover, DEM, Roads

and DEM are stored in Rwanda.gdb while Districts and Schools are stored in a 2021 as folder on C

Directory (0.5 mark each)

i. Which tool or way to add those spatial data to ArcMap 10? (1 mark)

The can be added in ArcMap through:

 Add data tool; use the Add Data button on the ArcMap toolbar to add data to your

map. Click Add Data, browse to the data you want to add, then click Add (0.5 mark)

 ArcCatalog tree, search for a table or layer or you can drag any table or layer from

the ArcCatalog window into ArcMap. (0.5 mark)

ii. What data are saved as feature class or shapefile? (1 mark)

Feature Class: Roads and DEM (0.5 mark)

Shapefile: Districts, Land cover and Schools (0.5 mark)

iii. How many layers should I have in ArcMap 10? (0.5 mark)

- Five (5) Individual layers in ArcMap window (0.5 mark)

iv. Without changing the symbol of every layer, in which way should they be ordered so

that they are all visible in the ArcMap 10? (0.5 mark)

(1) Schools,

(2) Roads

(3) Land cover

(4) DEM

(5) Districts of Rwanda

a) Your District is called Bugesera. Which tools will use used to:
i. Have Roads in Bugesera as Layer(0.5 marks)
Selection tool (by location) or Clip Vector tool and export data tool
(0.5 marks)
ii. Have Land cover in Bugesera as layer(0.5 mark)
Extract by mask or Clip raster tool and export data tool (0.5 marks)

iii. Have Bugesera District as layer: Selection tool (by Attributes),find tool and export
data tool(0.5 marks)

iv. Elevation of Bugesera as layer: Extract by mask or Clip raster tool and export
data tool (0.5 marks)

v. Have Schools of Bugesera as layer: Selection tool (by location) or Clip Vector tool
and export data tool (0.5 marks)

b) Which tools can use to change the coordinate system of :

i. DEM from ITRF2005 to UTM36s(1mark)
- Project Raster (Data management tools) (1mark)
ii. Schools from ITRF2005 to UTM36s(1 mark)
- Project Vector (Data management tool) (1mark)
c) Which tools will be used to calculate Area, Lengths, and Perimeter(1 mark)
- Calculate Geometry (1mark)
d) How will get the statistics of area of land cover in Bugesera. (1 mark)

 Open attribute table Right click on Area Field- Click Statistics (1 mark)

e) Assume that you want make map Bugesera Roads, draft how it may look like using Free

hand drawing(2 Marks).

If the drawn map is visible and is having 4 key map elements (Title, Legend, Scale bar,

North arrow, etc) (2 Marks).

Question 5
a) Below is a diagram of a line. Which of the 4 answers correctly describes this line?(1 Mark)

Tick the correct answer:

i. Line: 8 vertices and 7 polylines.

ii. Line: 2 end nodes, 6 vertices and

7 line segments. (1 Mark)

iii. Line: 2 vertices, 6 internal nodes and

7 arcs.

iv. Lines: 8 nodes, 7 lines.

b) Mention 4 examples of spatial data sources in Rwanda (1mark):
…………………………………………………………………………………
c) What 4 capabilities of GIS (1 mark)
a) 4 capabilities of GIS (1 Marks) 0.25 mark each
 Visualizing large amounts of information interactively
 Spatial data creation and management
 Spatial data manipulation & analysis
 Presentation and sharing of Spatial data(Maps,..)
In other words, A GIS is a computer-based system that provides the following four sets of
capabilities to handle geo-referenced data:
 Input
 Data management(data storage and retrieval)
 Manipulation and analysis
 Output.

d) List any 4 applications areas of GIS (1mark)

Some areas/sectors of GIS applications are: 0.25 mark each

 Engineering (Construction management

 Natural Resources Management (water, land, wetland,..)
 Agriculture
 Disaster Management & Mitigation
 Military Applications
 Environment
 Urban Planning etc…
 Infrastructure (Power, Telecom, Transport, etc.)
 Education
 Business GIS
 Electoral process

Give any 4 roles of GIS (1mark) 0.25 mark each

e)
 GIS improves construction planning and design efficiency by integrating locational and
thematic information in a single environment
 Using GIS, you can build a data model that includes geographic layers (such as soils,
geology, and vegetation), built layers (such as land use, buildings, highways, and
infrastructure), and social layers (such as social data and code requirements)
  Improves the real time schedule monitoring system
 GIS tools capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and display geographic data.
 Integrates management of big data with GIS will help us make more informed decisions
 efficiently manage and integrate different types of information for planning
and decision making
 Integrating information from multiple sources
 Facilitating complex querying and analysis
 Eliminating redundant data and minimizing duplication
 Etc

f) The Estate manager of UR-Nyarugenge Campus has the drone image of the campus and he wants to
visualize it and interpret it. Outline elements of The most basic t elements to be taken into account
while interpreting this campus image(2 marks)

The most basic elements to be taken into account while interpreting this campus image data
are: (0.25 mark each)
 Location
 Size
 Shape
 color,
 texture
 Pattern

 Shadow
 Tone
 Height/depth
 Site/situation/association.
They are routinely used when interpreting aerial photos and analyzing photo -like images

Question 6 (15 Marks)

a) The phenomena in the table bellow have either crisp or fuzzy boundaries and may have
different representation. Mark (with X) the correct answer for each phenomenon (5 marks)
(0.3 Mark each)

Phenomenon Boundary type Computer Representation

Crisp Fuzzy Point Line Polygon Regular Irregular
Tessellation Tessellation
Soil pollution
x x
Building
x x x
Natural
vegetation x x
Cadastral Parcels
x x
Hospitals
x x x
DEM
x x
Population
x x x
b) Using Symbol X, Complete the following table of examples of geographic .the same answer
can be used multiple times (10 marks) (0.3 Mark each)

Can be
Objects Can be outdated
Phenomenon Fields Continuous Discrete collected
after 5yrs
using GPS

Administrative NO
units x x x
Elevation NO
x x
Hill shade NO
x x
UR Campuses NO
x x x
Spectral YES
radiance x x
Air pollution YES
x x
Boreholes YES
x x x
Pressure YES
x x
Powerlines YES
x x x
Land use YES
x x