06/10/2021

PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS

Prepared by:
Engr. Zenaida l. agustin
June 2020

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

MODULE 3
UNIT 2: PHASE MODULATION

CONTENTS:

 Mathematical Analysis of PM

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

PHASE MODULATION
The process of varying the phase angle of the
carrier signal in accordance with the variation in the
instantaneous value of the modulating signal

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

PHASE MODULATION

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

PHASE MODULATION
𝑒 𝐸 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡 𝜃

𝑒 𝐸 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡 𝜃

𝑒 𝐸 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡 𝜃

𝜃 𝜃 ∆𝜃

∆𝜃 ∝ 𝑒

∆𝜃 𝐾 𝐸 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡

But    ∆𝜃 𝐾 𝐸

∆𝜃 ∆𝜃 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡

𝒆𝑷𝑴 𝑬𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 2𝝅𝒇𝒄 𝒕 ∆𝜽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 2𝝅𝒇𝒎 𝒕

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE 1
A Phase Modulator has a phase deviation constant, Kp = 0.6 rad/V. The
carrier signal is 8 cos2(800k)t, volts and the modulating signal is
5 sin2(2000)t, volts.

a. What is the maximum phase deviation?

b. What is the equation of the PM signal?
c. what is the amount of deviation in the carrier phase angle at t = 160s
and 300s?

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE 1
Given: Kp = 0.6 rad/V ec = 8 cos2(800k)t, volts em = 5 sin2(2000)t, volts

a. What is the maximum phase deviation?

0.6 𝑟𝑎𝑑
∆𝜃 𝐾 𝐸 5𝑉 3 𝑟𝑎𝑑 171.887°
𝑉
b. What is the equation of the PM signal?

𝑒 8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 800𝑘 𝑡 ∆𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜋 2000 𝑡

𝑒 8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 800𝑘 𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜋 2000 𝑡

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE 1
Given: Kp = 0.6 rad/V ec = 8 cos2(800k)t, volts em = 5 sin2(2000)t, volts

c. what is the amount of deviation in the carrier phase angle at t = 160s and 300s?
𝑎𝑡 𝑡 160𝜇𝑠 𝑒 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 2000 160𝜇 4.524 𝑉

0.6𝑟𝑎𝑑
∆𝜃 𝐾 𝑒 4.524𝑉 2.7144 𝑟𝑎𝑑 155.524°
𝑉

𝑎𝑡 𝑡 300𝜇𝑠 𝑒 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 2000 300𝜇 2.939 𝑉

0.6𝑟𝑎𝑑
∆𝜃 𝐾 𝑒 2.939𝑉 1.7634 𝑟𝑎𝑑 101.035°
𝑉

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

MODULATION INDEX OF PM, mp

𝒎𝒑 ∆𝜽𝒎𝒂𝒙

𝑒 𝐸 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡 𝑚 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

FM AND PM EQUIVALENCE:

𝑚 𝑚
𝛿
𝑚
𝑓
𝛿 𝑚 𝑓

𝜹𝒆𝒒 ∆𝜽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒇𝒎 𝒎𝒑 𝒇𝒎

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE 2
An FM modulator with K=1.2kHz/V is used to produce the same modulated signal produced in
example 1.
a. What is the equation of the carrier signal?
b. What is the equation of the modulating signal?

𝑒 8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 800𝑘 𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜋 2000 𝑡 𝑒 8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 800𝑘 𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜋 2000 𝑡

𝑒 8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 800𝑘 𝑡 𝑒 8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 800𝑘 𝑡

𝛿
𝑚 3 𝑚 3
𝑓
𝑒 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 2000 𝑡 𝛿 3 2000 6𝑘𝐻𝑧 𝛿
𝛿 𝐾𝐸
6𝑘𝐻𝑧
𝐸 5𝑉
1.2𝑘𝐻𝑧/𝑉
𝑒 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 2000 𝑡

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

BANDWIDTH OF PM SIGNAL:

𝐵𝑊 2𝑛𝑓

𝐵𝑊 2𝛿 𝑓

EFFECTIVE VOLTAGE, EFFECTIVE CURRENT AND TOTAL POWER OF PM SIGNAL:
𝐸
𝑒 𝑒
2
𝐼 𝐸
𝐼 𝐼
2 𝑅 2
𝑃 𝑃

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE
A PM modulator produces a modulated signal with the equation 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡
4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 ,volts. The phase deviation constant of the modulator is 10/V.
a. what is the approximate bandwidth of the PM signal (by Bessel and Carson approx.)
b. calculate the effective voltage of the modulated signal.
c. What is the equation of the modulating signal?
d. If the amplitude of the modulating signal is the same as (c), what is the frequency deviation
constant of an FM modulator needed to produce the same modulated signal as
10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 ?
e. If an FM modulator with a frequency deviation constant of 500Hz/V is used to produce modulated
signal as 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 , what must be the equation of the modulating
signal?

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE
Given: ePM = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 ,volts
KP = 10/V
a.  what is the approximate bandwidth of the PM signal (by Bessel and Carson approx.)
𝐵𝑊 2𝑛𝑓
𝑚 4
𝐵𝑊 2 7 1𝑘 14𝑘𝐻𝑧

𝐵𝑊 2𝛿 𝑓

𝛿 𝑚 𝑓 4 1𝐾 4𝑘𝐻𝑧

𝐵𝑊 2 4𝑘 1𝑘 10𝑘𝐻𝑧

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE
Given: ePM = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 ,volts
KP = 10/V
b. calculate the effective voltage of the modulated signal.
10
𝑒 7.071𝑉
2

c. What is the equation of the modulating signal?

𝑒 𝐸 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡

𝑚 ∆𝜃 4 𝐾 𝐸
10° 0.1745 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝐾
𝑉 𝑉
4
𝐸 22.923 𝑉
0.1745

𝑒 22.923𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE
Given: ePM = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 ,volts
KP = 10/V
d. If the amplitude of the modulating signal is the same as (c), what is the frequency deviation constant
of an FM modulator needed to produce the same modulated signal as
10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 ?

𝐸 22.923 𝑉

𝛿
𝑚
𝑓
𝛿
𝑚 4 ; 𝛿 4000𝐻𝑧 𝐾𝐸
1000𝐻𝑧
4000𝐻𝑧 𝐾 22.992𝑉

𝐻𝑧
𝐾 174.505
𝑉

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PREPARED BY: ENGR. ZENAIDA L. AGUSTIN

EXAMPLE
Given: ePM = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 ,volts
KP = 10/V
e. If an FM modulator with a frequency deviation constant of 500Hz/V is used to produce modulated
signal as 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 500𝑘 𝑡 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 1000 𝑡 , what must be the equation of the modulating signal?

𝑒 𝐸 sin 2𝜋 1000 𝑡
𝛿
𝑚 4 ;𝛿 4000𝐻𝑧 𝐾𝐸
1000𝐻𝑧
𝐻𝑧
4000𝐻𝑧 500 𝐸
𝑉

𝐸 8𝑉

𝑒 8 sin 2𝜋 1000 𝑡

END OF MODULE 3
UNIT 2

Problem Set 3-2