LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION

GNED 02 - ETHICS

PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
● Seeks to understand the
● Studies to gain rational mysteries of existence and
understanding of the world. reality.
● It is understanding life and living ● Discover nature of truth to find
life meaningfully. basic values and importance of
life.
Nature of Philosphy ● Based on rational assessment of
● It cannot be defined without evidence and argument rather
embracing the universe. than myth and tradition.
● It is as old as a man, it is life itself.
● Defined in two manners:
PHILOSOPHY TO OTHER SCIENCES
Etymology and Essential Definition

Etymology Philposphy and Science

● Philosophia - Love of wisdom
● Coined by Pythagoras
● Philo - Love
● Sophia - Wisdom
● Three Classification of Men
Lovers of pleasure
Lovers of success
Lovers of wisdom - Wisdom is only
possessed by those who have
mastered and utilized knowledge
for the benefit of the self and the
society.
● Both discuss the fundamental
truths about the universe.
● Attempt to find the ultimate causes
of every existence.
Philposphy and Mathemathics
● Both are logical bodies of
knowledgewhich involved the
same process.
● Both systematic approaches in
proving concepts and drawing the
truths.

Essential Definition Philposphy and History

● Search for meaning and mother ● History is the breeding ground of
of all sciences. Philosophy.
● Search for ultimate meaning of ● Philosophy evolves and changes in
reality acquired through the light the course of history.
of reason. ● Philosophy defines history and
interprets its existence for better
Definition understanding of the past, present
● Philosophy’s task is to Evaluate and preparation of the future.
the Totality of Human
Experience Philposphy and Religion
● But takes a deeper and ● Religion is generally a
comprehensive view about the philosophical culmination of basic
given ideas/facts and complex ideas about almost
everything, justifiable or not.
● Philosophy is a religious context
that tries to concretized divine
beliefs, ideas, opinions facts and

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION
GNED 02 - ETHICS

supposition in order that the world ● To develop a complete social

will be aware of it and believe in it. being, strong and determined to
face the ever changing social
realities.
IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY
● It aims to develop a cultured,
MAJOR DISCIPLINE OF PHILOSOPHY
well defined and well rounded
individuals.
● Philosophy itself is learning Logic
● The following are some of the ● study of rights and sound
conventional importance. reasoning

Metaphysics
CONVENTIONAL IMPORTANCE
● seek to explain the fundamental
concept of being.
Critical Thinking and General Problem
Solving Theodicy
● Enhances our problem-solving ● study of God and His nature
capacities.
Aesthetics
Communication Skills ● philosophical study of beauty.
● It helps to express what is
distinctive of one’s view Epistemology
● Eliminates vagueness from one’s ● study of the validity of knowledge.
writing and speech.
Social Philosophy
Probe into the Meaning and Value of Life ● study of human and their relation
● Philosophy calls for reflection as its to the society.
exemplar tool in realization of the
ultimate cause. Ethics
● It aids us to discover our purpose ● the science of morality of human
or the meaning of our life

ETHICS
Help Paved the Way Towards
Self-Development and Self-Discovery ● Greek word "ethos" meaning
● The most important need is Self "character“
actualization. ● Deals with human actions and
● Paves the avenue of self reflection, reasons for action.
self-introspection ● Studies morality or the rightness
● Enhance critical thinking in or wrongness of human
evaluating gained knowledge. conduct.
● The rules of conduct recognized in
Creation of our Own Philosophy in Life respect to a particular class of
● They can develop their own human actions or a particular
philosophy in life group or culture.
● Will provide them principles
necessary in directing their lives.

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION
GNED 02 - ETHICS

● Evaluates moral concepts, #3 Rules produce a sense of

values, principles and justice among social beings
standards. #4 Rules are essential for a
healthy economic system
IMPERATIVE OF ETHICS
MORAL VS. NON-MORAL STANDARDS
1. HUMAN FREEDOM
● Freedom is an inherent ● Not all rules are moral rules
human power to act or not
to act that makes
NON-MORAL STANDARDS
individuals responsible
for their actions ● Unrelated to moral or ethical
2. EXISTENCE OF GOD consideration
● Without God’s existence
that postulates human’s MORAL STANDARDS
belief, human find no
● The norms about the kinds of
reason to do good or
actions believed to be morally
avoid evil.
right and wrong
3. IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL
● Values placed on the kinds of
● If there is no life after earth
objects believed to be good and
where the soul believed to
bad
perpetuate life beyond,
then good deeds are not
rewarded nor evil doers CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL
are punished. STANDARDS
● It is a cornerstone of ethics
Involved with serious wrongs or
MORALITY significant benefits
● Matters that can impact, injure or
● Speaks of a code or system of benefits human beings.
behavior in regards to
standards of right and wrong. Not established by law or legislative
● Motivation based on ideas of ● Moral standards rest on the
right and wrong. adequacy of the reasons that are
taken to support and justify them
RULES
Ought to be preferred to other values
● To express or understood ● Take precedence over other
regulations or principles considerations.
governing conduct within a
specific activity or sphere.
Based on impartial considerations
● Moral standard does not evaluate
IMPORTANCE OF RULES standard on the basis of the
interest of a certain person or
#1 Rules protect social beings by
group.
regulating behavior.
#2 Rules help to guarantee each
person certain rights and freedom

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION
GNED 02 - ETHICS

Associated with special emotions and a

special vocabulary
● Prescriptively indicates the
practical or action guiding nature
of moral standards

Moral standards have the trait of

universalizabilty
● Everyone should live up to the
moral standards.

NON-MORAL VS. MORAL STANDARDS

● Standards that we should not
impose to others
Example: Don’t text while driving.
● Standards that we can impose to
others
Example: Do not harm innocent
people.