SN Report - Shola - B+G+12 - Mixed Use Building - Rev-00

SHOLA MIXED USE
BUILDING DESIGN
REPORT ON PLUMBING &
FIRE FIGHTING SERVICE
May, 2023
BRAND ENGIEERING PLC
SHOLA MIXED USE BUILDING DESIGN REPORT ON PLUMBING & FIRE FIGHTING SERVICE
Table of Contents
General Introduction 3
1. Plumbing System 3
1.1. Design Standard:..............................................................................................................................................3
1.2. Water Supply System.......................................................................................................................................4
1.3. Waste Water System.....................................................................................................................................16
1.4. Storm Water Drainage...................................................................................................................................17
2. Fire Protection. 18
2.1. Design Standard.............................................................................................................................................18
2.2. General Proposed System..............................................................................................................................18
2.3. Fire water Pumps...........................................................................................................................................18
2.3.1. Capacity of fire pumps...............................................................................................................................18
2.4. Fire Water Storage Tanks...............................................................................................................................20
2
General Introduction
Purpose
This design report describes design services in Plumbing and Firefighting disciplines for Shola Mixed Use
Building. This consumption building consists of 4 Blocks require special attention in the design of building
service engineering works for attention should be paid in creating regulated pressure in water system &
firefighting facilities, and related services. Accordingly, design requirements are established following
provisions of Ethiopian building codes such as ES – 3960, BS, NFPA etc. as applicable. Schematic diagrams
are also included as necessary to illustrate how the various systems are planned to perform.
Plumbing & Firefighting systems
The systems included in this concept report are
Plumbing System
- Raw water source

- Water storage for domestic services.
- Domestic water distribution
- Hot water generation and distribution
- Waste water system
- Vent system
- Storm water handling system
Firefighting System
- Fire hose systems
1. Plumbing System
1.1.Design Standard:
- System designed in accordance with the latest edition of the following codes:
- Ethiopian standard; ES 3960
3
- British Standards (BS)
- International Plumbing Code, Latest Edition (IPC)
- Relevant illustrations and guidelines presented in the Principles, Procedures and Design Examples
to Plumbing Services of Buildings are also used in the system design.
1.2.Water Supply System

1.2.1. Water Source
The domestic water will be supplied from the main infrastructure. For this project Municipal water
sources can be considered.
Plumbing Materials
The plumbing materials (pipes, appliance, pumps, etc.) to be envisaged shall satisfy approved
specifications for quality, suitability and shall comply with the specific nature of the project. The cost
effectiveness of the plumbing materials shall be taken into account in addition to the mentioned
requirements.
- Internal Domestic water supplies - PPR PN-20 piping,

- Wastewater drainage, storm and vent a pipe - UPVC PN-6.
- External water supply pipe - HDPE, PN-16.
1.2.2. Water demand
The capacity of the demand is calculated based on the occupant load of the apartments. Per capital
water demand as per ES-3960 is used to the storage capacity determination. Accordingly, the water
demand is determined as follows:
For Block -1
a) Medium consumption [1 bed room type]
- Total number of apartments: 20

- Number of residents per apartments: 2
- Water consumption per apartment per residents: 150 Liter/day/head
4
- Total daily water demand for apartment: 2 x 20 x 150 = 6000 Liter/day
 One day consumption for 1 bed room units become = 6,000 liters.
b) Medium consumption [2 bed room type]

- Total daily water demand for apartment: 20 x 3 x 150= 9,000 Liter/day
 One day consumption for 2 bed room units become 9,000 liters.
c) High consumption [3 bed room type]

- Total daily water demand for apartment: 10 x 4 x 200= 8000 Liter/day
d) Shop
- Total number of shops: 21

- Total daily water demand for apartment: 49 x 35= 1715 Liter/day
 One day consumption for shops become 1715 liters.

e) Supermarket
- Total number of supermarkets: 1

 One day consumption for supermarket become 420 liters.
5
 Total consumption for BLOCK-1 become 25,135 liters.
For Block -2

- Total daily water demand for apartment: 2 x 20 x 150 = 6000 Liter/day


- Total daily water demand for apartment: 10 x 4 x 200= 8000 Liter/day
d) Shop
- Total number of shops: 18

6
 One day consumption for shops become 1190 liters.

For Block -3

- Total daily water demand for apartment: 24 x 2 x 150 = 7,200 Liter/day


For Block -4
7

- Total daily water demand for apartment: 24x 12 x 150 = 7,200 Liter/day


The total water demand for the building is the summation of all demands in the above. Therefore, the
Liter Liter
total water demand for one day is ¿ ( 25,135+24,190+27,600+27,600 ) =99,925 . The water
day day
demand of all blocks assumed as 104,525m3 per day.
1.2.3. Water storage
a. Water Storage Quantify

As per the local standard recommendation, One and half Day water storage capacity is considered for
smooth and an interrupted water supply to the building, computing the domestic water storage
requirement by adding the One and half Day consumption for each the volume of domestic water storage
needed will be = 104,525 liters x 1.5 = 156,787.5 liters = 157 m 3.
8
Water Storage location
To accommodate the domestic water storage with the pumping plant for all Block. 67% of total water
consumption located on Basement floor. (Refer Basement floor water supply drawing).
To accommodate the firefighting water storage with the pumping plant for all Blocks. A total of 24m³.
((Refer Basement floor water supply drawing).
1.2.4. Water distribution to plumbing appliances
As described on ES 3960:2015 4.4.5 Cistern Capacity Design: In case combined storage is provided, it
may be taken as 67 percent ground tank and 33 percent elevated water tank requirement.
For this case ground water tank becomes 104m³ and elevated water tank becomes
- For block-1 13m³.

- for block-2 12m³.
Reliable and efficient Water supply to the building is one of the critical requirements, to these ends
boosted system with constant pressure and variable flow is considered which is designed to maintain
system pressure and flow by varying the speed of the pumps in operation.
Variable speed driven domestic water Transfer pumps located adjacent to ground water storage tankers
are proposed to feed elevated water tank.
Variable speed driven domestic water booster pumps located adjacent to elevated water storage tankers
are proposed to feed plumbing appliance in a zoned manner as illustrated in the drawing. (Refer roof
plan drawings).
Accordingly, the building is divided in to two separate pressure zones from water distribution aspect. For
Block 1 and 2 the 1st zone is from 12th floor up to 10th floor that connected to system through booster
pump located on the roof and the 2 nd one from 9th up to Ground floor directly from the elevated water
tanker using gravity. For Block 3 and 4 the 1st zone is from 12th floor up to 10th floor that connected to
9
system through booster pump located on the roof and the 2 nd one from 9th up to 1st floor directly from
the elevated water tanker using gravity.
The zoning categorization offers a number of advantages to the building users, one being economic
aspect in running cost, and in addition the possibility to acquire smooth regulated pressure at the
outlet of plumbing appliances, as opposed to the conventional single zoned boosting system.
1.2.5. Determination of the pump capacity

1. Determination of the transfer pump capacity
The capacity of the pump required to keep the constant water supply at a particular point in time is
obtained by taking into consideration the flow and head at the most remote plumbing outlet point and
then computing back words, based on the demand calculation following parameters shall be
determined: -
i. The Pump flow rate (Q) and

Calculation of the Pump Flow Rate (Q)
The required flow rate for the pump is obtained as follows:
V ( Liters)
Pump flow rate Q  =
T ( Sec s)
Where, V is the total Volume of the Elevated water tank (liters) = 53,000 liters
T is the time assumed time to fill the tank (secs.) = 120 minute (7200 sec.)
53,000(Liters)
Pump flow rate Q  = = 7.36 LPS.
7200(Sec s)
ii. Calculation of Total Head in Pump (H)
The total head in pump is determined as using Eq. below.
2
L V
Total head in pump (H) = H S +(f + ∑ K)
D 2g
Where,
H s = Is static head/height = 42.3m
ε
f = Darcy friction factor (unit less) read with ( Re , ¿ = 0.054
D
ε = Roughness for PPR pipe = 1mm
10
L = Pipe length (meter) = 105m
D = inside pipe diameter = 90mm
Q
V = Fluid velocity (m/sec) hence, V = = 1.16l/s.
A
g = Gravitational constant¿ 9.8 m/sec 2.
Q = Volumetric flow rate (m 3 /s ). = 0.00736m3 /s .
2
πD
A = Area of the pipe = = 6.3585∗10−3 m2
4
ρVD
Re = Reynold's Number = = 130239.1
μ
ρ = The density of the water (kg / m3 ) =1000kg /m3 .

μ = the viscosity of the water = 8.90 × 10−4 Pa·s.
∑ K = 1 ball valve (0.05) + 2 gate valves (0.2*2 = 0.4) + 90-degree elbows (10*0.75 = 7.5) = 7.95
So Total head in pump (H) = 42.3+ 0.054( 105

0.09
+7.95 )
1.162
2∗9.8
= 47.15meter = 48m.
iii. Transfer Pump Power determination

Qρgh
P= 6
ƞ ×3.6 ×10
26.49∗1000∗9.81∗48
P= 6
3.6 ×10 ∗0.65
P=5.33 KW
 Use Transfer pumps each @ 3.7 l/s (58.65GPM) & H=48m ( where two working at the same
time and one standby).
2. Determination of the booster pump capacity
The capacity of the pump required to keep the constant water supply at a particular point in time is
obtained by taking into consideration the flow and head at the most remote plumbing outlet point and
11
then computing back words, based on the demand calculation following parameters shall be
determined: -
For Block-1-4
We will use booster pumps for each block for 10th, 11th and 12th floor. Since all the floors from 10th-
12th are similar for each block, we will calculate only for one block as a sample.
i. The Pump flow rate (Q)

The flow rate for fixtures to be determined considering the peak demand of the connected appliances
following ES 3960 Provision.
Sanitary Fixture Type Quantity Loading Sub-Total Loading Unit

unit/fixture
Hand wash basin 24 2 48
WCs 24 2 48
Showers 24 5 120
Kitchen sinks 15 3 45
Total loading unit 261
Using the Conversion chart table above - loading unit to flow rate of ES 3960 the flow rate will be 2.6L/s.

The total head in pump is determined as using Eq. below.
2
L V
D 2g
Where,
H s = Is static head/height = 11.1m
ε
D
ε = Roughness for PPR pipe (unit less) = 0.1
12
L = Pipe length (meter) = 70m
D = inside pipe diameter = 63mm
Q
V = Fluid velocity (m/sec) hence, V = = 0.588m/s.
A
g = Gravitational constant¿ 9.8 m/sec 2.
Q = Volumetric flow rate (m 3 /s ) = 0.0026m3 /s .
2
πD
A = Area of the pipe = = 4.41256∗10−3 m2
4
ρVD
Re = Reynold's Number = = 55201.69851
μ
ρ = The density of the water (kg / m3 ) =1000kg /m3 .

μ = the viscosity of the water = 8.90 × 10−4 Pa·s.
(
So Total head in pump (H) = 11.1+ 0.045
70
0.04
+5.7 )
0.58 2
2∗9.8
= 11.94meter = 12m.
iii. Booster Pump Power determination

Qρgh
P=
ƞ ×3.6 ×10 6
9.36∗1000∗9.81∗12
P=
3.6 ×106∗0.65
P=0.47 KW
 Use Booster pumps @ 2.6l/s (41.2GPM) & H=12m
1.2.6. Water Metering & Billing System.
Water sub metering is considered. Since it is the individualization of the water consumption
with the installation of water meter in each dwelling, so it is possible to measure the
consumed volume of water.
13
1.2.7. Water supply pipe sizing design
Design flow determination is carried out by using a simplified tabular procedure (by fixture unit load
method).
The detail procedure of this method is done as follows: -
1. Make a diagram of the pipeline or system to be considered.
2. Number the pipes beginning at the point of least head.
3. Make a table to show the loading units and flow rates for each stage of the main run. Calculate
and enter loading units and flow rates as shown in the table below.
4. Make assumptions to the pipe size according to their assigned numbers.
5. Work out frictional resistance per meter (head loss per meter run)
6. Determine the velocity of low (flow velocity between 0.6 and 3m/s)
7. Measured length of the pipe under consideration in meter.
8. Calculate equivalent pipe length (frictional resistance in fittings)
9. Calculate effective pipe length (sum of head loss through pipe length and fittings)
10. Calculate head loss consumed (by multiplying effective pipe length and head loss per meter run)
11. Calculate the progressive by adding the head loss in each branch pipe.
12. Record the available head for every branch pipe.
13. Calculate the residual head at the outlet points by subtracting the progressive head from
available head. If the residual head is less than the head required for a particular outlet fitting,
repeat the above steps by correcting the assumed pipe size.)
14
 Using a simplified tabular procedure by fixture unit load method carries out design flow
determination.
15
FOR BLOCK-1 SHAFT-4 PIPE SIZING
10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14
(7+9) (5x10)
Flow Velocity(m/s)
Head Consumed
Loading Units
Pipe reference
Measured Pipe
Equivalent pipe
Effective pipe
Fitting considering in number (Loss)
Loss of head
Progressive
Flow Rate
(m/m run)
length(m)
length(m)
Available
run(m)
Pipe Size
(m)
Head
Final Pipe
head
(mm
Elbo
Size (mm)
diameter)
Valve
Check
Stop
Tee
Valve
w
(Lps)
SN-01 21 0.45 23.2 0.06 1.1 30.7 13(1) 7(1.5) 39.1 69.8 4.188 4.188 12 23.2
1(10) 1(5.6)
For 10th floor critical root sample for the pipe sizing feed from the booster pump supply
10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14
(7+9) (5x10)
Loss of head (m/m run)
Flow Velocity(m/s)
Fitting considering in number (Loss)
Progressive head
Head Consumed
Flow Rate (Lps)
Equivalent pipe
Available Head
Measured Pipe
Effective pipe
Loading Units
Pipe reference
length(m)
length(m)
run(m)
Pipe Size
(m)
Final Pipe
(mm
Size(mm )
diameter)
Elbow
Check
Valve
Valve
Stop
Tee
16
SN-01 21 0.45 23.2 0.06 1.1 33.6 13(1) 7(1.5) 39.1 72.7 4.362 4.362 13.1 23.2
1(10) 1(5.6)
For 9th floor critical root sample for the pipe sizing feed from the elevated water tanker.
17
1.2.8. Hot Water Generation System

The Ethiopian building code ES 3960 states that for domestic uses the minimum capacity is
recommended to be: 80 liters to 100 liters at 60°C in a dwelling with a bath tub, 50 liters to 80 liters at
60°C for a shower and Storage heaters of 10 liter to 30 liters 60°C may be used to supply one or two
points of draw offs depending on the use of hot water. So, the hot water storage capacity determined
accordingly.
1.3. Waste Water System

Size soil and waste piping by the fixture unit method as outlined in the Ethiopian standard (ES 3960). The
liquid wastewater drain was connected treatment plant and solid wastewater drain was connected
directly to Septic tank. Grade interior piping, above grade, at 1/4" per foot minimum; 1/8" is acceptable
if the pipe size is increased to compensate for the 1% slope as required by Ethiopian standard (ES 3960).
Vent hand wash basin fixtures as required by code. Gravity flow for all building drainage systems will be
applied.
1.3.1. Waste water drainage system:
UPVC pipes of suitable size are recommended both per the external and internal wastewater drainage.
Drainage pipe sizing of systems are done as per the recommendation given in ES-3960 Table 5-27 and
Table 5-30. Taking into consideration mishandling of the drainage systems in most cases we have
designed the drainage system greater than the minimum recommended pipe sizes.
1.3.2. Wastewater Drainage Pipe Sizing:
FOR THE BLOCK - 1 SHAFT - 1 PIPE SIZING (FOR THE BLACK WASTE SHAFT)
Loading
Sanitary Fixture Type Quantity Sub-Total Loading Unit
unit/fixture
WCs 10 4 40
Total loading unit 40
18
As per ES-3960 requirement the minimum stack size where there is a WC connection shall be 100mm
(internal diameter). Hence, a pipe diameter of 110mm internal diameter is considered as a horizontal
drainage pipe for S1. The rest also done accordingly!
1.3.3. Waste Water Discharging
Wastewater collected from the building will be discharged to the septic tank. UPVC pipes of suitable size
are recommended both per the external and internal wastewater drainage.
V septic tank= V sedimentation+ V sludge
= {(τ sedX q)/103+ (VeXτac X P)/103}
Where: -τ sed- is the hydraulic detention time.
P - is number of populations.
Q -is water consumption per capita per day,
V e – is sludge production per person per day.
τ ac- is the number of days between de-sledging.
Liquid volume as per previous calculation = 104.525m³
V sedimentation= = (τ sedX q)/103
=1.0x 104,525 /103 = 104.525m3…Taking the detention time period 1 day
Vsludge= (VeXτac X P)/103(m³)
= 711 x 0.15 x 2x 365/10 3 =77.85…Taking the dislodging period 2year
Septic tank volume 100m3 + 77.85 = 177.85m 3…Take 200m3 capacities as overall volume.
1.4. Storm Water Drainage

Rain water pipes and grated roof drains with receivers are sized using rainfall rate of 140mm/hr. in
accordance with the provision of ES 3960. The pluvial system is applied and the detail calculation will be
presented on the final design report. Rainwater collected from the roof of the building and the site
discharged via manholes to the nearby master plan drainage line.
19
2. Fire Protection.
2.1. Design Standard

The design and planning of Fire Protection shall be done keeping in view the following codes and
standards (Latest editions):
- Ethiopian Standard ES 3964.

- NFPA 14, Hydrant System.
- NFPA 20 Fire pumps.
2.2. General Proposed System

The proposed firefighting system includes
- Firefighting water storage and distribution.
- Fire stand pipe system.
2.3.Fire water Pumps

A fire pump is designed to handle the most demanding fire hose system. Accordingly, to determine the
firefighting pumps capacity that will enable to cover the demand of the system both NFPA 14 are
referred. Since the flow and Head requirements of fire stand pipe is by far greater than the demand the
fire pumps are sized based on the provision of NFPA 14.
2.3.1. Capacity of fire pumps

The hazard type for this building is Light (low) hazard, Areas where the quantity and combustibility of
combustibles and flammables is low. In these areas, expected fires have relatively low rates of heat
release. Light hazard areas may include offices, classrooms, meeting rooms etc.
The water supply for a standpipe system is the connection to a public water service main. A 100 psi (6.9
bar) rated pump is installed in the connection.
EBCS-9 recommends a one hose reels at a minimum flow rate of 6.31liter/s should be provided at any
one-floor level. Accordingly, a minimum of two hose reels at a discharge rate of 4 L/s each are
considered at any floor.
20
NFPA 14- Article 7.10.2.2. Recommends for Class II systems, the minimum flow rate for the
hydraulically most remote hose connection shall be 100GPM (379 L/min).
i. Calculation of the Pump Flow Rate (Q)

Q = 100GPM = 6.31 LPS

The total head in pump is determined as using Eq. below
2
L V
D 2g
Where,
H s = Is static head/height 42.3 m
ε
D
ε = Roughness for PPR pipe = 0.1 mm.
L = Pipe length= 158 m

D = Inside pipe diameter = 80 mm
Q
V = Fluid velocity hence, V = = 1.26m/s.
A
g = Gravitational constant¿ 9.8 m/ sec2 .
Q = Volumetric flow rate = 0.00631m3 / s .
2
πD
A = Area of the pipe = = 5.024 x 10−3 m2
4
ρVD
Re = Reynold's Number = = 125,597.13
μ
ρ = The density of the water =1000kg /m3 .
μ = the viscosity of the water 8.90 × 10−4 Pa·s.
(
So Total head in pump (H) = 42.3 + 0.045
67
0.08
+ 4.2)1.26 2
2∗9.8
= 49.78meter = 50 m.
21
But as per NFPA-14: The water supply for a standpipe system is the connection to a public water service
main. A 100 psi (6.9 bar) rated pump is installed in the connection.
Therefore, a set of pumps one diesel, one electric and jockey are required with a discharge capacity
6.31 liter/sec for diesel & electric and 1 liter/sec for jockey and total pumping head of 6.9 & 7.1 Bar is
respectively recommended.
. Pump Power determination

Qρgh
P=
ƞ ×3.6 ×10 6
22.716∗1000∗9.81∗69
P= 6
3.6 ×10 ∗0.65
P=6.571 KW
2.4. Fire Water Storage Tanks

Firefighting water demands are calculated per NFPA 13 based on factors such as design area, density,
hose steam, overages, and pre-action system. water storage tanker for fire handling which will be taped
at different heights to be considered to minimize the space requirement and same time to avoid water
stagnation.
The water requirement for the system
 Taking duration of firefighting operation 60 minute

 No of firefighting equipment working at a time = 1
 Pump discharge capacity = 63.1l/s
 6.31l/s x 1 x 3600sec.= 22,716 liters
The minimum reservoir capacity should be adequate enough to hold 22,716 liters. Use 24,000
liters (24m3) water tank.
22

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SHOLA MIXED USE

The systems included in this concept report are

- Raw water source

- Fire hose systems

- Ethiopian standard; ES 3960

- British Standards (BS)

- International Plumbing Code, Latest Edition (IPC)

1.2.Water Supply System

- Internal Domestic water supplies - PPR PN-20 piping,

a) Medium consumption [1 bed room type]

- Total number of apartments: 20

- Total daily water demand for apartment: 2 x 20 x 150 = 6000 Liter/day

- Total number of apartments: 20

- Total number of apartments: 10

- Total number of shops: 21

 One day consumption for shops become 1715 liters.

- Total number of supermarkets: 1

 One day consumption for supermarket become 420 liters.

 Total consumption for BLOCK-1 become 25,135 liters.

a) Medium consumption [1 bed room type]

- Total number of apartments: 20

- Total number of apartments: 20

- Total number of apartments: 10

- Total number of shops: 18

 One day consumption for shops become 1190 liters.

a) Medium consumption [1 bed room type]

- Total number of apartments: 24

- Total number of apartments: 24

- Total number of apartments: 12

a) Medium consumption [1 bed room type]

- Total number of apartments: 24

- Number of residents per apartments: 2

- Total number of apartments: 24

- Total number of apartments: 12

1.2.3. Water storage

a. Water Storage Quantify

Water Storage location

1.2.4. Water distribution to plumbing appliances

- For block-1 13m³.

1.2.5. Determination of the pump capacity

i. The Pump flow rate (Q) and

ε = Roughness for PPR pipe = 1mm

L = Pipe length (meter) = 105m

D = inside pipe diameter = 90mm

g = Gravitational constant¿ 9.8 m/sec 2.

Q = Volumetric flow rate (m 3 /s ). = 0.00736m3 /s .

ρ = The density of the water (kg / m3 ) =1000kg /m3 .

So Total head in pump (H) = 42.3+ 0.054( 105

iii. Transfer Pump Power determination

2. Determination of the booster pump capacity

i. The Pump flow rate (Q)

Sanitary Fixture Type Quantity Loading Sub-Total Loading Unit

ii. Calculation of Total Head in Pump (H)

H s = Is static head/height = 11.1m

ε = Roughness for PPR pipe (unit less) = 0.1

L = Pipe length (meter) = 70m

D = inside pipe diameter = 63mm

g = Gravitational constant¿ 9.8 m/sec 2.

Q = Volumetric flow rate (m 3 /s ) = 0.0026m3 /s .

ρ = The density of the water (kg / m3 ) =1000kg /m3 .

iii. Booster Pump Power determination

 Use Booster pumps @ 2.6l/s (41.2GPM) & H=12m

1.2.6. Water Metering & Billing System.