DRUG ABUSE

SOCIOLOGY PRESENTATION
BY-

MAITRAYAI 22010323076
NIDA 22010323097
ANANYA 22010323092
SANJANA 22010323082
JHANVI 22010323073
What is Drug Abuse?
Drug abuse is the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive use of drugs for non-medical
purposes despite the social, psychological, and physical problems that may arise
from such use. Substance abuse is the medical term used to describe a pattern of
using a substance (drug) that causes significant problems or distress. This may be
missing work or school, or using the substance in dangerous situations, such as
driving a car. It may lead to substance-related legal problems, or continued
substance use that interferes with friendships, family relationships, or both.
Substance abuse, as a recognized medical brain disorder, refers to the abuse of
illegal substances, such as marijuana, heroin, or cocaine. It may also be the abuse of
legal substances, such as alcohol, nicotine, or prescription medicines. Alcohol is the
most common legal drug of abuse.
What is Drug Abuse?
The history of non-medical drug consumption is ancient. The discovery of the
mood-altering qualities of fermented fruits and substances such as opium has led to
their use and, often, acceptance into society. Just as alcohol has a recognized social
place in the West, so many other psychotropics have been accepted in different
societies.
 DEALING WITH
TRAUMA

CAUSES OF FEAR OF MISSING OUT

DRUG ABUSE
[FOMO]

TRYING TO ESCAPE
FROM REALITY
WHY DO TEENS START START
TAKING DRUGS? PEER PRESSURE
 Traumatic life experience, such as physical and sexual
abuse as well as neglect, occurs at alarmingly high rates
and is considered a major public health problem. Early
DEALING WITH TRAUMA trauma exposure is well known to significantly increase the
risk for a number of psychiatric disorders in adulthood,
although many who had childhood trauma exposure are
quite resilient.

Social media sites are extremely popular, especially among

today's youth. While Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and FEAR OF MISSING OUT
Snapchat-help teens express themselves and stay connected
with others, they may also have a negative impact on their
self esteem and overall well being. Thus, teens who
experience FOMO may feel pressured to experiment with
drugs and alcohol to keep up with friends or celebrities they
follow on social media.
 Peers can influence their friends in supportive or
destructive ways when it comes to drug use.
Research studies show that teens have a relatively strong
PEER PRESSURE influence on one another's' behaviours and they are more
likely to take risks in groups rather than alone.

Young people often use drugs as an escape from depression or

dissatisfaction. Most people tend to abuse drugs as a way of
escaping reality when they are unhappy. Yet when they sober
up, the realisation that nothing has changed leads to greater
unhappiness and the reuse of drugs to have the temporary
illusion of "not having
TRYING TO ESCAPE FROM
problems "
REALITY
SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF DRUG ABUSE
Drug addiction and abuse affects the physical, psychological, economical and
social domains of an individual. It does not only harm the addict but has
far-reaching effects on family, friends, employers, and the society as a whole.
In our country in, drug-related crimes and drug addiction are rising at an
exponential rate.

Addiction is a brain disorder, characterized by compulsive engagement in

rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences. Drug addiction is excessive
use of psychoactive drugs such as alcohol, pain medication or illegal drugs. It
leads to physical, social and emotional harms.
 SUFFERERS FROM THE SOCIETY

FAMILY PERSONALITY PARTNER

LAW AND ORDER FINANCE

HEALTH AND EMPLOYER

EDUCATION
WELLBEING
PARTNER
If one of the couple is a drug addict, it causes
untold hardships to the other partner. The
person who is an addict may have mood
swings, violent outbursts, etc. The person who
is addicted does not care about family and
social responsibility, which leads to constant
tension in married life and may lead to
breakdown of marriage.
PERSONALITY
It leads to anxiety, restlessness, paranoia and low
self-esteem. Some drugs lead to alterations in
functioning of the brain, which has a dramatic
effect upon a person’s behaviour. Low appetite,
weight loss and low concentration affects the brain,
which can lead to mental disorder, affect
psychomotor skills, and cause hallucination and
lack of personal hygiene.
FAMILY
A drug addict can jeopardize
relationships with family members and
peer groups. Addicts can become a
burden on the family as they never
contribute in family wellbeing and
works. Frequent violent behaviour and
financial burden incurred by addicts put
much hardship on family members.
LAW AND ORDER
People who are addicted to drugs are often involved in
stealing, or in fraud and other criminal activities. They
may join organized criminal gangs and groups to meet
their needs. They often engage in drinking, and
creating law and order problems in society.
Prostitution, extortion, kidnapping, vehicle thievery,
illegal peddling, smuggling, etc, are also associated
with drug abuse.
FINANCE
The cost of an addiction not only
affects the addicted person but also
the entire family and their friends. An
addict could gradually indulge in
stealing money from relatives and
later end up committing bigger
crimes.
HEALTH AND WELLBEING
Drugs lead to decay of health. It leads to
cancer and communicable diseases. Drugs
like heroin, cocaine and amphetamines lead
to different kind of behaviour among
addicts. Overdose of drugs may lead to
suicide, death or physical damage.
EDUCATION
Drug addiction affects the education of an
addict as it leads to mental retardation.
They lose interest in studies and become
restless. They are underperformers
because of loss of memory. They behave
erratically and make unexplainable
excuses to avoid educational institutions.
EMPLOYER
Employers are affected by employees who are drug
addicts. They may change from a smart, punctual and
efficient worker to someone who is late for work, or
starts neglecting their appearance and personal hygiene.
Their behaviour changes and it leads to a drop in
productivity. Unable to communicate, they lose
confidence and under-perform.
 Analgesics – relieve the symptoms of pain.
● Aspirin
● Ibuprofen

Drug
Inhalants - inhaled and absorbed into the
bloodstream.
● Paint thinners and removers

Categories
● Glue

Opioids - type of painkiller that gives a

feeling of wellbeing or euphoria.
Drugs can be grouped by how or ● Codeine
● Heroin
where they are commonly used.
Party Drugs - stimulants and hallucinogens,
used by youngsters to enhance parties.
● Ecstasy
● Heroine

Pharmaceuticals – inappropriately used

● Painkillers
● Sedatives and Sleeping pills
Categories of Drug Abuse
1) Narcotics- Heroine, Opium
2) Depressants - Alcohol, Barbiturates
3) Stimulants- Cocaine, Nicotine
4) Hallucinogens- Psilocybin mushrooms, LSD
Narcotics
- A narcotic drug is one that blocks pain and creates a feeling of
euphoria, or extreme calm. Once the user experiences this feeling, it
can be very difficult to stop taking the drug that causes it.
- The body quickly builds a tolerance to narcotics in as little as two to
three days, so that greater doses are required to achieve the same
effect.
- Because of the addictive qualities of these drugs, most countries in the
twenty-first century have strict laws regarding the production and
distribution of narcotics.
Depressants
Depressants are drugs that slow down or depress your body’s function,
particularly your central nervous system (CNS). Because of these relaxing
or quieting effects, they are often called downers.
Depressants can be addictive. People who use them regularly often
develop tolerance to these drugs, which means that one will need larger
doses of a drug to obtain the same desired effects.
This can also make the user dependent on the use of depressants to keep
them feeling relaxed, but it also increases their risk of abuse and drug
overdose.
Stimulants
Stimulants are a group of drugs that result in increased activity in the body.
Sometimes referred to as “uppers,” these drugs are frequently abused due to their
performance-enhancing and euphoric effects.
Generally, those who abuse stimulants experience heightened energy levels and
enhanced focus.
Stimulants speed up mental and physical processes, which can produce desirable
effects in the short-term by increasing levels of dopamine in the brain.
While users may feel great due to the short-term effects of stimulants, long-term
abuse of these drugs can have significant consequences, which is why it is so
important for those who abuse the drugs to get help as quickly as possible.
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause hallucinations—profound
distortions in a person’s perceptions of reality.
Hallucinogens can be found in some plants and mushrooms (or their
extracts) or can be man-made, and they are commonly divided into two
broad categories: classic hallucinogens (such as LSD) and dissociative
drugs (such as PCP).
When under the influence of either type of drug, people often report rapid,
intense emotional swings and seeing images, hearing sounds, and feeling
sensations that seem real but are not.
Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
Substance abuse prevention, also known as drug abuse prevention, is a process that attempts to
prevent the onset of substance use or limit the development of problems associated with using
psychoactive substances. Prevention efforts may focus on the individual or their surroundings. A
concept that is known as "environmental prevention" focuses on changing community conditions
or policies so that the availability of substances is reduced as well as the demand. Individual
Substance Abuse Prevention, also known as drug abuse prevention involves numerous amounts of
different sessions depending on the individual to help cease or reduce the use of substances.

Plans on preventing substance use

1. Family based prevention programs
2. School-based prevention programs
3. Community prevention programs
Family based prevention programs
Prevention programs can strengthen protective factors among young children by teaching parents
better family communication skills, appropriate discipline styles, firm, and consistent rule
enforcement, and other family management approaches. Research confirms the benefits of parents
providing consistent rules and discipline, talking to children about drugs, monitoring their activities,
getting to know their friends, understanding their problems and concerns, and being involved in their
learning. Research has been done showing that the measures taken within family prevention has
shown to reduce the risk of substance abuse.

School-based prevention programs

There are a number of community-based prevention programs and classes that aim to educate children
and families about the harms of substance use. Schools began introducing substance use oriented
classes for their students in grades as low as preschool. The inclusion of prevention studies into
classroom curricula at a young age has been shown to help to break early behaviors that could be
signs of an increased risk for developing a substance use disorder in the future.Many organizations
educate, advocate, and collaborate to prevent substance use. Some programs may begin by allowing
students to be interactive and learn skills such as how to refuse drugs. This is proven to be a more
effective method than strictly educational or non-interactive ones.
Community prevention programs
Prevention programs work at the community level with civic, religious, law enforcement, and other
government organizations to enhance anti-drug norms and pro-social behaviors. Many programs help
with prevention efforts across settings to help send messages through school, work, religious
institutions, and the media. Community-based programs also typically include the development of
policies or enforcement of regulations, mass media efforts, and community-wide awareness programs.
Increasing health education in the community also plays a role in helping to decrease the
consequences of substance use.
Treatment of drug abuse:
● Detoxification- In detoxification, you stop taking the substance(s), allowing them to leave your
body.
● Cognitive and behavioral therapies- CBT is a structured, goal-oriented type of psychotherapy.
A mental health professional helps you look closely at your thoughts and emotions during CBT.
You’ll come to understand how your thoughts affect your actions. You can unlearn negative
thoughts and behaviors through CBT and learn to adopt healthier thinking patterns and habits.
● Medication-assisted therapies- Medication may be part of your treatment plan. Medications
can help modify your brain chemistry to help treat certain SUDs. They can also relieve cravings
and withdrawal symptoms.
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (1985)
Under the NDPS Act, it is illicit for a person to produce or manufacture/cultivate, possess, sell, purchase,
transport, store, and/or consume any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. The Narcotics Control
Bureau was set up under the NDPS Act with effect from March 1986.
Significant Aspects of the NDPS Act
1. Quantity Based Sentencing- under the NDPS Act, sentencing of punishment is based on the
substance and its quantity found. The government has also cleared the fact that when the quantity of
the seized product is to be calculated, the weight of the product will be given prime consideration
instead of the pure drug content of the product.
2. Death Penalty- the harshness of the NDPS Act is very evident from the fact that death penalty has
also been included as a form of punishment under the Act. Courts can award death sentence in the
case of certain repeated offense (such as manufacture, production, import, export, possession, and
transportation) involving large quantities of drugs. The death penalty was made mandatory through
the 1989 amendment, but the rage of offenses in which death penalty could be awarded was
narrowed down in 2001. Through the 2014 amendment, the death penalty was made discretionary
and an alternative punishment of 30 years of imprisonment was introduced.
CONCLUSION
Despite a large amount of research on depression and abuse, there is still a controversy on how abuse
is measured and on childhood trauma’s effect on the physiological function of adults.

Results show that abuse is a vulnerability factor for a variety of mental and physical health problems
and that psychological abuse is strongly associated with depression.

But according to us , more research is needed to understand

(a) the role of abuse in the development and maintenance of depression and, in particular, longitudinal
studies that also account for the large number of risk and protective factors that influence this
relationship and

(b) how different types of abuse can influence response to treatment among survivors with
depression, in order to provide effective trauma-focused approaches to manage depressive symptoms.