PHARMACOLOGY MB QUESTIONS

➢ CHAPTER 01- GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) Bioavailability
2) Sublingual administration of drugs
3) Biotransformation
4) Elimination half life
5) Plasma half life
6) Essential drugs
7) Therapeutic window
8) Fixed dose ratio combination
9) Drug tolerance
10) Competitive drug and antagonism
11) Transdermal Drug Delivery System
12) Drug dependence
13) Therapeutic index
14) Prodrug
15) Physical dependence
16) Substrate competition
17) Enzyme induction
18) First order kinetics
19) First pass metabolism
20) Difference between therapeutic window and therapeutic range
21) Kinetics of elimination
22) Phase 1 and Phase 2 drug metabolism
23) Volume distribution of drug
24) Synergism
25) Withdrawal Syndrome
26) Receptor antagonism
 LONG QUESTIONS

1) Drug antagonism- it’s types with examples.

2) Factors affecting drug absorption with appropriate examples.
3) Drugs given in sublingual route and it’s advantages.
4) Biotransformation; reactions involved in biotransformation, factors
influencing biotransformation. First pass metabolism with examples.
5) Microsomal enzyme induction and its implications.
6) What is bioavailablity? How does the route of administration affects
bioavailablity?

➢ CHAPTER 02- ANS

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) EW Dopamine infusion is preferred over Nonadrenaline treatment of

Cardiogenic Shock
2) Use of Adrenaline in Anaphylactic Shock
3) Adrenaline in drug reaction
4) Use of Pralidoxime(oximes) in OP poisoning
5) EW Midazoline shouldn't be used along with Monoamine Oxidase
(MAO) inhibitors
6) Brimonidine
7) EW Terazosin is used in the BHP
8) EW Mannitol is used in acute congestive glaucoma
9) Neostigmine
10) Atropine
11) Scopolamine
12) EW Neostigmine in is used in Myasthenia gravis
 13) EW Acetazolam is used in glaucoma
14) EW Propranolol is used in hypertension
15) EW Atropine is used in pre-anaesthesia

16) Miotics
17) EW Timolol is used in glaucoma
18) Propranolol
19) EW Adrenaline is used in anaphylactic shock
20) EW Pilocarpine is used in open angle glaucoma
21) EW Cyclopentolate is used before Retinoscopy
22) EW Adrenaline is used in drug reaction
23) EW Dopamine is used in Hypovolemic shock
24) Cardioselective beta blockers
25) Drug therapy of chronic(wide angle) glaucoma
26) Neostigmine in myasthenia gravis
27) Acetazolamide in glaucoma
28) AChE inhibitors

LONG QUESTIONS

1) Classify Sympathomimetic agents; uses of adrenaline, precautions while

giving it i.v.
2) Management of OP poisoning
3) Classify anti-hypertensives; describe uses and side effects of Beta
blockers.
4) Classify anti-cholinergics; their uses and S/Es.
5) Classify beta blockers; mechanism and uses of Propranolol.

➢ CHAPTER 03- AUTACOIDS

SHORT QUESTIONS
 1) Prostaglandin- indications and S/Es
2) COX inhibitors
3) COX-2 inhibtors
4) Cetrizine
5) Non-sedative antihistaminics
6) Paracetamol
7) Cinnarizine
8) EW Sumatriptan is used in t/t of Migraine
9) EW Probenecid is used in t/t of Gout
10) EW Colchicine is used in t/t of Acute Gout
11) Levostatin
12) Cyproheptadine
13) EW PGE-2 is used before inducing labour
14) Antihistaminics: Indications and S/Es
15) Piroxicam
16) EW Glucocorticoid is used in Rheumatoid Arthritis
17) Colchicine
18) Allopurinol
19) EW Sulfinpyrazone is used in t/t of Gout
20) H-3 receptor blockers

LONG QUESTIONS

1) Classified NSAIDS; mechanism, uses and S/Es of Aspirin.

2) Classify Analgesics. Describe Pharmacological basis of NSAIDS.

➢ CHAPTER 04- RESPIRATORY STSTEM

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) Use of Salmeterol in bronchial asthma

 2) Status asthmaticus
3) Hydrocortisone in Status Asthmaticus
4) Budesonide in asthma
5) Bromohexine
6) Corticosteroids
7) Role of corticosteroid in asthma
8) Salbutamol
9) Inhalation of Salbutamol in Acute/Chronic Bronchial Asthma
10)Terbutaline
11) Non-narcotic Antitusives
12) Mucolytics
13) Drug t/t of seasonal asthma
14) Role of Beclomethasone in asthma
15) Sodium cromoglycate
16) EW Aminophyline is used in Status asthmaticus

LONG QUESTIONS

1) Classify inhaled medications in asthma; importance of inhalational

therapy. Advantages, disadvantages and mode of use of different
inhalational devices in the condition.

➢ CHAPTER 05- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) Explain why Oxytocin is used for induction of labour, not Methyl

ergometrine
2) Oral Contraceptive Pills
3) Misoprostol
4) Vaginal PGE-2 before inducing labour
5) Use of ethylene estradiol and progestin in OCPs.
6) Metformin in Type 2- DM
7) Human insulin
8) Mifepristone
9) Exenatide
10)Migilitol
11)Tolbutamide
12) EW Carbimazole is used in Thyrotoxicosis
13) EW Progesterone is used in DUB
14) Oxytocin, Oxytocin in PPH
15) Antiestrogen
16) EW Glucocorticoids are used in inflammation
17) Role of Thiazolideinediones in DM
18) Hormones
19) EW Iodides are used in Hyperthyroidism
20) Insulin resistance
21) Thyroxine
22) Carbimazole in Grave’s disease.
23) Clomifen in female infertility
24) EW I-131 is used in Thyroid Carcinoma
25) Diff. b/w Levothyroxine and Liothyroxine
26) EW Glibenclamide is used in NIDDM
27) Anabolic steroids
28) Clomifen citrate

LONG QUESTIONS

1) Hormones of Adrenal cortex; uses and S/E of Hydrocortisone.

2) Classify drugs used in Hyperthyroidism; uses and S/E of
Propylthiouracil.
3) OCP- mechanism and S/E.
4) Classify sulfonylureas. Advantages and uses of 2 nd generation
sulfonylureas.
 5) t/t of Diabetic ketoacidosis. Why correction of dehydration is imp in
this case?

➢ CHAPTER 06- PNS

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) Drugs used as pre-anaesthetic medication

2) Succinylcholine
3) Succinylcholine induced apnea
4) Xylocaine hydrochloride
5) How succinylcholine induces apnea?
6) EW succinylcholine is used as muscle relaxant.
7) Lidocaine
8) Difference between competitive and depolarizing neuromuscular
blockers.
LONG QUESTIONS

1) Classify Skeletal Muscle Relaxant. Describe the uses and S/E.

➢ CHAPTER 07- CNS

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) EW Thiopentone Sodium is used as an inducing agent of general

anaesthesia.
2) Ketamine
3) D/W Morphine and Pethidine.
4) D/W Phenytoin and Valproic acid.
5) Barbiturate poisoning.
6) Lithium carbonate as mood stabilizer
7) Intravenous Anaesthetics
8) EW Diazepam is used in Status epilepticus
9) Carbamazepine
10) EW Ethanol is administered after methanol poisoning.
11) EW Ketamine is a suitable anaesthetic in asthmatic child.
12) Sodium valproate
13) Atypical anti-psychotic drugs.
14) Diazepam
15) Morphine
16) Naloxone
17) EW Diazepam is used instead of Phenobarbitone in Insomnia.
18) EW Disulfiram is used in chronic alcoholism
19) EW Phenothiazine induces Parkinsonism.
20) Dopamine
21) Atracurium as adjuvants to General Aanesthetics
22) EW methyl alcohol induces blindness
23) EW Phenytoin is used in epilepsy
24) EW Phenobarbitone is used in neonatal Kernicterus.
25) EW Levodopa is used in Parkinsonism.
26) EW Naloxone is used in Opioid Poisoning (OP).
27) Give reason for: Imidazolne nasal decongestant should nt be used for
prolonged period and in those using non-specific MAO Inhibitor.
28) Give reason for: Ketamine is the most suitable anaesthetic for burn
dressing in asthmatic child.
29) Give reason for: Ethanol is administered repeatedly and for several
days in methanol poisoning.

LONG QUESTIONS

1) Classify General Anaesthetic; their action and uses, S/Es of any 3 GAs.
2) Drugs for GTCS (Generalised Tonic Clonic Seizures); mechanism of
action and S/Es of anyone.
 3) Classify Anti-epileptic drugs; mechanism, uses and S/Es of
Carbemezapine and Valproate.
4) List Anti-parkinsonism drugs; elaborate the drugs for initiation,
maintenance and late stage Parkinsonism.

➢ CHAPTER 08- CVS

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) Losortan in Hypertension.
2) Nefedipine, in Variant Angina
3) Enalopril in hypertension.
4) Explain why Furosemide is used in LVF.
5) EW Antioxidants are used in Atherosclerosis.
6) EW Digoxine used in CHF
7) ACE Inhibitor in heart failure
8) EW Verapamil is used in Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
(PSV).
9) Calcium Channel Blockers
10)Treatment of essential hypertension
11) EW Telmisartan is used in hypertension.
12) EW Beta blockers are used in hypertension.
13) Uses of Vasodilators in CHF.
14) EW Hydrochlorthiazide is used in CHF
15) Nitroglycerine
16) Streptokinase
17) EW Lignocaine is used in Ventricular Arrythmias.
18) EW Spironolactone is used in CHF.
19) EW Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are used in CHF.
 LONG QUESTIONS

1) Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of ACE Inhibitors.

2) Drugs used in t/t of Angina; mechanism and toxic effect of
Isosorbide dinitrate.
3) Classify anti-hypertension; describe therapeutic uses and adverse
effects of beta blockers.
4) Classify drugs used in ICD; uses and S/Es of nitroglycerine.
5) Enumerate cardiac glycosides; mechanism, uses, S/Es of digoxin.
6) Classify cardiac antiarrythimic drugs, describe M.O.A, uses and side
effects.
7) Drugs used in Ischaemic Heart Disease; pharmacokinetics, actions
and adverse effects of nitroglycerine.

➢ CHAPTER 09- KIDNEY

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) Spironolactones in CHF
2) Furosemide
3) Furosemide in acute LVF
4) Furosemide in pulmonary edema
5) D/W ACE inhibitors and ARBs
6) Losortan
7) Thiazide diuretics in nephrogenic DI
8) E.W thiazide diuretics is used in diabetes
9) High ceiling diuretics
 LONG QUESTIONS

1) Loop diuretics- uses, advantages and disadvantages

2) Classify diuretics- mechanism merits and demerits of thiazide diuretics

➢ CHAPTER 10- HEMATINICS

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) Atorvastatin
2) Aspirin as antiplatelet drug
3) LMW heparin
4) Clopidrogel
5) D/W warfarin and Heparin
6) Heparin
7) Streptokinase
8) Folic acid antagonist
9) Methyl carbalamine in diabetic neuropathy
10) Vit. B-12
11) EW Folinic acid is used in Methotrexate therapy
12)Desferrioxamine in t/t of Acute Iron Poisoning
13) Low dose Aspirin in prophylaxis of MI
14) Lovastatin
15)Antiplatelet agents
16)E.W warfarin is used in venous thrombosis

LONG QUESTIONS
1) Management of Acute Iron Poisoning.
➢ CHAPTER 11- GIT

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) PPI in GERD
2) ORS in childhood diarrohea
3) Pantoprazole and Omeprazole in peptic ulcer
4) Metoclopramide
5) Bisacodyl
6) Ranitidine
7) Doxylamine
8) EW lactulose is used in t/t of hepatic coma
9) Lactulose in Diarrhea
10) Racedotril in Diarrhea
11) Loperamide in diarrohea
12) Rantidine in peptic ulcer
13) Anti-microbial in Peptic Ulcer
14) H- receptor blocker
15) Antibiotics in PUD
16) ORS solution
17) EW Neomycin is used in Hepatic coma
18) EW Omeprazole is used in PUD
19) EW Lactlose is preferred over Neomycin in t/t hepatic
encephalopathy.
20) Saline Purgatives

LONG QUESTIONS

1) Classify drugs used in PUD. Explain pharmacological basis of PPI in

PUD, Outline one anti H.pylori regimen.
2) Anti H.pylori drugs
➢ CHAPTER 12- ANTIMICROBIALS

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) DOTS
2) Dapsone
3) Cyclosporine
4) Fluoroquinolones
5) EW Pyridoxine is given with INH
6) 3rd gen. Cephalosporines
7) Chloroquine and Primaquine in Benign tertian malaria
8) Chloroquine in Auto-immune disorder.
9) Beta-lactamase inhibitor.
10)Fluroquinolones in corneal ulcer
11)Azithromycin
12) EW INH causes peripheral neuritis
13) Idoxuridine
14) Artemesinin
15) Superinfection (Tetracycline induced)
16) EW combination of Trimethoprim and Sulfomethoxole is used in t/t
of infections
17) BCG
18) Metronidazole
19) Griseofulvin
20) Gentamycine
21) Thiobendazole
22) Vigabatrine
23) EW Neomycin is used in Hepatic Coma
24) Tetracycline induced Superinfection
25) Ciprofloxacin
26) Rifampicin
27) Aztrionam
28) EW combination therapy is used in TB
29) Chemotherapy of TB
 30) Clofazimine
31) Didanosine in HIV
32) Monobactam Antibiotics
33) Reverse transcriptase inhibitor in AIDS
34) Lepra reaction

LONG QUESTIONS

1) Drugs used in t/t of malaria; action, uses and side effects of

Chloroquine.
2) Drugs used in t/t of leprosy; t/t of lepra reaction.
3) Drugs used in t/t of AIDS. Describe HAART.
4) Classify Cephalosporins. Enumerate the uses and side effects of
Cephalosporins
5) Drugs used in t/t of TB.
6) t/t of Ameobiasis, therapeutic uses, S/Es and toxicity.

➢ CHAPTER 13- MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS

SHORT QUESTIONS

1) EW Folinic acid is used with Methotrexate

2) Teratogens
3) Use of Tamoxifen citrate in Carinoma of breast
4) EW Desferroxamine is used in acute iron poisoning
5) EW Nitrates in t/t of cyanide poisoning
6) Antioxidants
7) Antioxidant vitamins for prophylaxis of Atherosclerosis
8) Chiral drugs
9) BCG
10)Cyclosporine
11) Folic acid antagonist
12) Alpha-calcidol
13) Polyvalent anti-snake venom serum
14) Cyclophosphamide in NHL
15) Calcium channel blockers
16) EW Dimercaprol is used in arsenic poisoning (BAL)
17) EW EDTA is used in lead poisoning
18) Vinca alkaloids
19) Methotrexate in chorionic carcinoma
20) Drug interaction between Terfinadine and Ketoconazole.

LONG QUESTION

1) Classify drugs used to treat malignant diseases. Describe the

mechanism of action, uses and toxicity of methotrexate.