Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview of materials
Sample Answers
Practice Task 1 and Task 2
Task Criteria How responses are assessed
Introduction
01 Re-word the summary
Overview
02 Describe the main trends,
differences, or stages
Detail
03 Explain important features
with data.
TASK 1
Introduction
01 Re-word the summary
Overview
02 Describe the main trends,
differences, or stages
Detail
03
Explain important features
with data.
Separate ideas into
paragraph by grouping
stages
TASK 1
Introduction
01 Re-word the summary
Overview
02 Describe the main trends,
differences, or stages
Detail
03
Explain important features with data.
Separate ideas into paragraph by
grouping
- the remaining items and changed
items, or
- minor changes and major changes
TASK 1
Summary
04 Re-state your overall opinion and
summarise your main reasons.
Opinion/Position
INTRODUCTION It is argued that governments should levy a tariff on junk food because the
Paraphrase the question number of health risks associated with consuming this kind of food is on the
Thesis statement rise. This essay agrees that a higher rate of tax should be paid by fast-food
Outline sentence companies. Firstly, alcohol and tobacco companies already pay higher taxes
and secondly, higher taxes could raise prices and lower consumption.
MAIN BODY Higher excise on liqueur and cigarettes has proven to be successful at curbing
PARAGRAPH 1 the harm caused by these substances. This revenue has been used to treat
Topic sentence health problems associated with these products and has proven useful in
Explanation advertising campaigns warning people about the dangers of alcohol and
tobacco abuse. Tax from fast food could be used in the same way. The United
Example
Kingdom is a prime example, where money from smokers is used to treat lung
cancer and heart disease.
Increasing taxes would raise prices and lower consumption. Fast food
MAIN BODY companies would pass on these taxes to consumers in the form of higher
PARAGRAPH 2 prices and this would lead to people not being able to afford junk food
Topic sentence because it is too expensive. Junk food would soon become a luxury item and it
Explanation would only be consumed occasionally, which would be less harmful to the
general public’s health. For instance, the cost of organic food has proven
Example
prohibitively expensive for most people and that is why only a small
percentage of the population buy it regularly.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, junk food should be taxed at a higher rate because of the good
Summary precedent set by alcohol and tobacco and the fact that the increased cost
should reduce the amount of fast-food people buy..
Opinion
STRUCTURE
Side/View 1
02 Explain and support your reason why Explanation
plastic bags should be banned. Example
Stronger Side
02 Explain and support your reason why Explanation
advantages on a stronger side. Example
04
Re-state your overall opinion Summary
(advantages outweigh disadvantages) Opinion/Position
and summarise your main reasons.
Some authorities think that it is more favorable for pupils to begin studying languages at
INTRODUCTION primary school instead of secondary school. This essay will argue that the advantages of
Paraphrase the question this outweigh the drawbacks. The essay will first demonstrate that the earlier someone
Thesis statement learns an additional language the more likely they are to master it and that it brings
Outline sentence added cognitive benefits, followed by an analysis of how the primary disadvantage,
namely confusion with their native tongue, is not valid.
MAIN BODY The main reason to start kids off with foreign languages early is that this increases
PARAGRAPH 1 the likelihood they will achieve fluency in adulthood. That is to say that they will have
Topic sentence far more years to perfect their skills and it will seem perfectly normal to speak
Explanation bilingually. For example, in countries such as Holland and Norway where English is
Example taught from a very young age, more than 95% of adults speak it at an advanced
level. Learning a second language also helps to improve overall cognitive abilities. In
other words, it benefits the overall development of a child’s brain. A recent survey by
Cambridge University found that children who studied a new language before the
age of 5 were significantly more likely to score higher in Mathematics and Science.
MAIN BODY Those opposed to this say that it causes the child to become confused between their
PARAGRAPH 2 mother tongue and the other language. However, there is actually no evidence to
Topic sentence support this view and children from bilingual families do just as well in both
Explanation languages. My own son was brought up speaking both Vietnamese and English and
Example outperforms most of his classmates in both.
CONCLUSION On balance, the fact that early foreign language learning leads to higher fluency and
Summary improved brain function clearly outweighs the flawed argument that it impairs uptake
Opinion of native languages.
DISCUSSION
STRUCTURE
First Viewpoint
02 Explain and support your reason why Explanation
one side is important. Reason why you agree/disagree
Example
MAIN BODY However, there are also people who assert that leadership skills can actually
PARAGRAPH 2 be achieved through proper training and effort. That is why there is a larger
number of institutes offering leadership training programmes helping those
Topic sentence
who want to learn the skills required to be a leader. Public speaking is one of
Explanation many skills these schools can teach. Individuals who are shy and lack
Example confidence can find their feet in the leadership battle by learning the essence
of good body language, pronunciation, and other elements of good public
speaking. This will in turn make them better leaders.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, although some traits related to leadership are likely inherited
Summary there is tremendous room for people to grow into positions of responsibility if
Opinion they apply themselves fully to learning the skills and personal characteristics
of great leaders.
STRUCTURE
Paraphrasing statement
01
Paraphrase the question and state
your overall opinion Thesis statement Discuss both views
Outline sentence
03
Explain and support your reason why
the other side is important. Second Viewpoint
Explanation
Example
Cause?
Solution?
01
Paraphrase both questions and state Paraphrasing statement
the main cause and solution. Thesis statement
Outline sentence
03
Explain the possible solution(s) . Give Topic Sentence
reasons to support your ideas. Explanation
Example
MAIN BODY The solution that I believe would be most effective is directing humanitarian funds previously focused on
food aid towards education and agricultural infrastructure. Food aid is a notoriously poor solution
PARAGRAPH 2 because it only offers an immediate solution and warlords often exploit it to support their continued
Topic sentence mistreatment of their people. It hurts more than it helps. However, there would be better long-term
Explanation effects if international organisations and governments redirected that money into helping build better
Example farms, provide more modern equipment, and sending qualified professions to train people in need. There
is a TedTalk by a young man in Kenya who built his own windmill out of old bicycle parts and by
reading a book in the local library. It is large enough to power his own house and he was seeking
financing for a larger one that would power irrigation channels for the entire village. If more people like
him can be found or trained then this will have an impact that lasts for decades and is relatively
impervious to the factors preventing agricultural advances from taking root in developing countries.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, developing companies face myriad problems that hinder their ability to take advantage of
newer agricultural models and we should direct more funding to helping these countries learn more
Summary about new farming methods. This is likely to be an important issue in the world as the gap between rich
Opinion and poor, develop and undeveloped widens while technological progress continues its indifferent march
forward.
STRUCTURE
Cause?
Effects?
01
Paraphrase both questions and state Paraphrasing statement
the main cause and effect. Thesis statement
Outline sentence
03
Explain the effect(s) . Give reasons Topic Sentence
to support your ideas. Explanation
Example
MAIN BODY Common effects of sleep deficiency can be the health condition of people and their
quality of social interaction. People who sleep less could have severe problems with their
PARAGRAPH 2
health because the normal length of sleep for people is eight hours. This may lead to the
Topic sentence
metabolism problem and low immunity that make people easily infected by diseases. As
Explanation well as health problems, people could also have social problems that might be affected
Example by their interactions with others. For instance, people with sleep deficiency may not have
a good mood to live their lives, so they will have less performance in interacting with
people around them. It could lead to low-quality relationship with others.
CONCLUSION
Summary In conclusion, people with sleep shortage may be affected by the increase in
competitiveness between humans, and the availability of sleep distractors. Hence, people
Opinion
may less healthy and less sociable.
Two-part
questions
STRUCTURE
Two question
01
Paraphrasing statement
Paraphrase both questions and state
Thesis statement
your overall opinion
Outline sentence
04
Summary
Re-state your overall opinion and
Opinion/Position
summarise your main reasons.
INTRODUCTION More and more people live in cities today than at any point in the past and this
Paraphrase the question trend will likely continue in the future. This has resulted in many problems
Thesis statement including extreme overcrowding and governments should take measures to make
Outline sentence living outside cities more attractive.
There are a wide range of drawbacks associated with the rise of modern cities
MAIN BODY but one of the most obvious issues is related to population density. The large
PARAGRAPH 1 number of people crammed into a relatively small area has caused expensive
Topic sentence housing, increased traffic and severe pollution. For example, apartment prices in
Explanation mega-cities like Tokyo and New York have soared to the point where only the
wealthiest inhabitants can afford decent living standards. Regardless of
Example
financial status, all city dwellers have to deal with more and more traffic jams as
the population increases while the area of cities remains fixed. Finally, all these
people living and travelling in one place puts a tremendous strain on the
environment and some cities, like Beijing in China, have become dangerously
polluted.
MAIN BODY In my opinion, governments have a duty to encourage citizens to move to more
PARAGRAPH 2 rural areas. If cities continue to expand unabated then the above problems will
only get worse. We might one day find ourselves living in densely packed,
Topic sentence
heavily polluted cities that resemble scenes from a dystopian science fiction film.
Explanation In order to prevent this from happening, the government can give tax breaks to
Example companies that choose to locate offices and production facilities outside the city.
This will provide more jobs for people who are willing to live in the countryside.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, the concerns related to overcrowding in cities can and should be
Summary somewhat countered by governments incentivising living in rural areas. If this is
Opinion done then we may still face problems related to cities in the future, but at least
they will not be as serious.
PRACTICE
(TASK 1)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
DETAILS 1 In the first step, cold water is pumped down 4.5 km underground
Explain important through the injection well. Next, the water is injected into the
features with data geothermal zone, where hot rocks heat the water up as it passes
through the Earth. Once the water has been heated up, it enters
the production well and is then pumped up to the ground and
into the condenser.
DETAILS 2 The last two stages are carried out above ground at the power
Explain important plant. First of all, steam is produced from the hot water in the
features with data condenser. In the following step, the steam passes into the turbine
and makes it spin. Finally, the generator, which is powered by the
turbine, produces electricity where it is then transferred into the
electric grid via power lines.
PRACTICE
(TASK 2)
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
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