PURE SUBSTANCE

Matter

Pure
Mixture
substance
 Matter

Mixture Pure substance

Homogeneous Heterogeneous Elements Compounds

 PURE SUBSTANCES
❑ These are substances with constant chemical
composition.
❑ They cannot be separated by physical means.
❑ Has a unique set of properties such as color, hardness,
boiling point and melting point
An element is a pure
substance made
from only one type
of atom.

SANDERSON LINE
Microscopic view Microscopic view of
of Argon molecules of Nitrogen
 (microscopic view of
(microscopic view
molecules of
of Argon) Nitrogen)

Element: Has only one kind of atom

Microscopic view of
water (H2O)
 COMPOUND

Has two or
more different
elements

Microscopic view of
water (H2O)
Microscopic view of Argon, molecules of
Nitrogen and water
Microscopic view of Argon, molecules of
Nitrogen and water
 NaCl C12H22O11

CH3COOH

How many atoms are present?

 Has two
Has only
or more
one kind
different
of atom
elements
PURE
SUBSTANCE

ELEMENT COMPOUND
 Consists of only one kind of atom
 Cannot be broken down into simpler type
of matter by either physical or chemical
means
 Can exist as atoms (e.g. argon) or
molecules (e.g. nitrogen)
A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the
same element, or of different elements, that are
chemically bound together.
 METAL
NONMETAL

METALLOID
▪ Good electrical conductors and heat
conductors
▪ Malleable
can be hammered into thin sheets
▪ Ductile
can be stretched into wires
▪ Posses metallic luster/shine
▪ Hard and has good tensile strength
▪ Solid at room temperature except Hg
▪ They have properties intermediate
between metals and nonmetals.
▪ Semiconductors
▪ Solid but lack luster
 Has two
Has only
or more
one kind
different
of atom
elements
PURE
SUBSTANCE

ELEMENT COMPOUND
 Consists of two or more different
elements that are joined chemically
 Can be broken down into simpler type
of matter (elements) by chemical means
 Has properties that are different from its
component elements
 Always contains the same ratio of its
component atom
 water
 methane
 salt / sodium chloride
 sugar
 carbon dioxide
 carbon monoxide
 acetic acid
 hydrochloric acid
ORGANIC

INORGANIC
 Any of a large class of chemical
compounds in which one or more
atoms of carbon are covalently linked
to atoms of other elements, most
commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or
nitrogen

Examples:
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
alcohol, ammonia, floor wax
All other compounds that are not
considered organic

Examples:
calcium carbonate
sodium bicarbonate
potassium bicarbonate
calcium carbide
CO
CO2
ACID
BASE
SALT