Summarize of different notations about philosophy.

1. Soren Kierkegaard

A Danish philosopher, a religious existentialist.

Kierkegaard invited readers to move from the
aesthetic to the religious life. Those who follow
an aesthetic approach are mere spectators on
how we can move beyond this comfortable
condition. He criticized any philosophy that asks
us to put our trust in reason and science, which
aims to make life palatable and Christianity
acceptable.  He believed that no amount of
sermonizing or rehearsing the rituals associated
with religious belief would suffice for faith, nor
could he have set forth a series of treatises on
what it means to believe and he described the
Christianity of his day as a religion of
convenience, comfort, and complacency. 

2. Friedrich Nietzsche

His main philosophy is focus on good and evil.

According to him, for the good to exist, he
would say “whatever is, just is”. His reason for
the non-existence of evil is that an Omni-
powerful God, an Omniscient God and a God
that is involved in human affairs would never
permit evil to exist.  Rather one might say that
evil is simply the absence of good in any given
situation. He did not believe in free will nor did
he believe in predetermination of outcomes. 
What he did believe in is the power of the will.
3. Martin Heidegger

His main interest was ontology or the

study of being. One of the things that
make us human is the way we can
understand our being and thus make
decisions about our lives. Heidegger
compels us to realize that there is no
right way to live life. The only right way is
being true and authentic to yourself. Like
according to him “Everyone is the other
and no one is himself”, the “Others”
are those from whom one cannot
distinguish themselves. In Heidegger's
words, “By 'Others' we do not mean

4. Jean -Paul Sartre

He believed that existentialism is

humanism. Being and Nothingness,
where he defines two types of reality
which lie beyond our conscious
experience, the being of the object of
consciousness and that of
consciousness itself. For Sartre,
exercise of freedom creates values that
any other human being placed in my
situation could experience, therefore
each authentic project expresses a
universal dimension in the singularity of
a human life.
5. Arthur Schopenhauer

His philosophy is about pessimism a

negative mental attitude in which an
undesirable outcome is anticipated
from a given situation. He claims that
we are only free from our will and
inner essence as soon as we exist in
this world. he argued that we ought
to be pessimistic because of a
mismatch between our desires and
what is possible in the
world. believed that people are
motivated by their own self-interest
and can never be truly happy unless
they recognize this fact.
 Social Science and
Philosophy

Submitted to:
Sir Adam Renz V. Sullaga, LPT

Submitted by:
Althea May T. Pampilo
BSPH-2A