Biology XI Final Test Exercise

1. Mention 4 functions of kidney.

2. The following diagram shows a nephron.
a. State the name of all parts of nephron and mention their functions.

b. Name two substances actively reabsorbed from C.

c. Name two substances actively secreted into F
3. The table below shows a typical daily water balance of a human body

a. Suggest why only small volumes of concentrated urine are produced during very hot
weather.
b. if someone consume so many protein and glucose in their drink, what is happen to their
urine?
4. An investigation was carried out to determine the response of pancreatic cells to an increase
in the glucose concentration of the blood. A person who had been told not to eat or drink
anything other than water for 12 hours then took a drink of a glucose solution. Blood
samples were taken from the person at one hour intervals for five hours, and the
concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon in the blood were determined. The results
are shown in the graph below.
 Explain why the person was told not to eat or drink anything other than water for 12 hours
before having the glucose drink.
5. A scientist investigated the effect of drinking sugar solutions, of different concentrations, on
the volume of urine produced.

 2 dm3 of sugar solution A was consumed by a healthy adult.

 Urine was collected at thirty minute intervals for 150 minutes.
 The volume of urine produced every thirty minutes was added to the previous total volume.
 This procedure was repeated with sugar solutions B and C.
The result are shown in the picture below.

Compare the result of urine volume and glucose concentration of solution A, B, and C.
6. Complete this table below

Type of neurone Funtion of neurone Direct of impulse

A Sensory neurone
B
C
7. What is reflex action in the human body? Explain the sequence of impulse in the reflex
action.
8. What is the funtion of hormon:
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Adrenalin
d. Thyroxin
9. The diagram shows the female reproductive system.

Complete the name of female reproductive systems and outline their function.
10. What the definition of:
a. Ovulation
b. Fertilisation
c. Implantation
11. The graphs show changes that occur in a woman during the menstrual cycle.

a. From the diagrams above, when does the ovulation happen?

b. Explain the level of oestrogen and progesteron during ovulation.
c. When does the thiniest and the thickest uterus lining happen?
12. The diagram shows the human male reproductive system.

State the name of labelled parts of male reproductive system and mention their functions.
13. State the name of the hormone that causes the development of secondary sexual
characteristics in girls and where is it produced?
14. State the name of the hormone that causes the development of secondary sexual
characteristics in boys and where is it produced?
15. Compare the different characteristics develop during puberty in boys and girls.
16. Name the pathogen that causes cholera, TB, malaria, and HIV/AIDS and mention what type
diseases are they.

disease pathogen type

cholerae Vibrio cholerae Bacterial diseases

17. Describe how the pathogen that causes cholera TB, malaria, and HIV/AIDS is transmitted.
18. Mention the measures to prevent cholera, TB, malaria, and HIV/AIDS.
19. Explain why does people suffering from malaria and people suffering from tuberculosis can
both live in northern Europe, but only tuberculosis can be passed on to other people there?
20. An antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out on bacteria isolated from a patient with a blood
disease. Four antibiotics were tested, A, B, C and D. The results are shown in the figure.

Which antibiotic that completely resistance to the bacteri, not completely resistance to the
bacteri, and effect against the bacteri?
21. The following occur during the response to infection (phagocytosis).
1 attachment of bacteria to cell surface membrane of phagocyte
2 movement of phagocyte to site of infection by bacteria
3 formation of a phagocytic vacuole
4 fusion of lysosomes to the phagocytic vacuole
5 infolding of cell surface membrane
6 release of enzymes into the phagocytic vacuole
State the correct order of these events occur.
22. The graph shows the level of antibody in serum following vaccination.

a. What cells account for the difference in antibody concentration at the peaks of the
primary and secondary responses?
b. How long this person achieve their active immunity?
c. When does the memory cell for this antigen are present?
23. Explain four different ways that a person can become immune to an infectious diseases.
24. Mention an example of each type of immunity.