To be completed by CELTA candidate

Submitted by: Mojdeh Yousefi

Assignment title: Language related tasks

Assignment number: 2

Number of words: 998 words

Submitted on (date): 14/06/2023

This assignment is my original work and I have acknowledged all sources.

Full name: Mojdeh Yousefi

To be completed by CELTA tutor

Overall grade:

General comments:

1: Everything that has happened to us during the day.

Meaning

In this sentence has happened is used to talk about experiences people have had at some time in
their lives which is during the day in this sentence but when it exactly happened is not specified.

CCQs:

-Do we know what time of day these things happened exactly? No, we just know they happened
during the day.

-Are these things still happening right now? 1 No, they are finished.
2
Form

Full Form Negative Form

I I
You Have You Have not
Walked
We (‘ve) We (haven’t) Walked
Drunk
They They Drunk
Run
He Has He Run
Has not
She (‘s) She
(hasn’t)
It It
Question Form
Have you walked Haven’t you walked?

Subject + have/has + past participle 3

Pronunciation

Has happened: /hæz/ (/ˈhæpənd/4

-In this sentence, The stress is on the past participle, not on the auxiliary have.

- In the given sentence, the overall intonation pattern would typically include a falling intonation
at the end.

Problems and solutions

1. Problem (meaning): Students may substitute the concept with the past simple.
Solution: Explain that "has happened" is used to talk about an event or situation that
occurred in the past and has an impact on the present.
2. Problem (Form): Students may create other incorrect forms of be. (was happened)
Solution: Explain that "has happened" which consists of the auxiliary verb "has" followed by
the past participle form of the main verb "happen”.
3. Problem (Pronunciation): Students may struggle with the correct pronunciation of the /əd/
ending in "happened"
Solution: Explain that the /əd/ ending in "happened" is represented by the letters "ed" but
is typically pronounced as /əd/.

2: but sooner or later we have to sleep.

Meaning

In this sentence have to sleep is used to show it is necessary for us to sleep. (Have to mean that
something is necessary and you have no choice)5
1
Practical English users, Swan
2
Practical English users, Swan
3
Teaching Tenses, Rosemary Aitken
4
Longman Contemporary Dictionary
5
Practical English Usage, Michael Swan
 CCQs:

-Are we going to sleep in the future? Yes

-Do we have a choice to not sleep at all? No

Form

Subject + have/ has + infinitive6

This structure is referred to as the future simple.

Have/has is followed by the bare infinitive of the main verb.

Example:

I have to finish my assignment before the due date.

Pronunciation

Have to is often pronounced /hæftə/ 7

The linking between "have" and "to" is common in connected speech. The final /v/ sound in "have"
can smoothly transition into the initial /t/ sound in "to," resulting in "hæv tə" (/hæv tə/).

Anticipated problems and solutions

1. Problem(meaning): Students may struggle to figure out the specific meaning and usage of
"have to" and may confuse it with "must" or "need to." 8
Solution: Provide clear explanations and examples of the meaning and usage of "have to" in
different contexts, such as obligations, and necessities.
2. Problem (Form): Students might find it challenging to correctly form sentences using the
"have to" structure.( have to sleeping)
Solution: Break down the structure of "have to" and its components, including subject-verb
agreement and the base form of the main verb.
3. Problem (Pronunciation): Pronouncing the weak pronunciation of "to" may pose difficulties
for learners.
Solution: Model the correct pronunciation of "have to" and practice pronunciation through
drilling or repetition exercises.

3: We can put off sleeping for a limited period. (lexis)

Meaning:

to delay doing something, especially because you do not want to do it9

Synonyms: postpone

CCQs:
6
Practical English Usage, Michael Swan
7
Mc Milan Online Dictionary
8
The Practice Of English Language Teaching, Jeremy Harmer
9
Oxford Advanced Dictionary
 -Are we going to sleep right now? No

-Are we going to delay our sleeping time? Yes

Form

Put off is a phrasal verb of put.

Put off is normally followed by a gerund: to put off doing something/sleeping/eating

also put off can be followed by an object: I put off my wedding because of Covid.

Pronunciation

The phonetic transcription for "put off" is/pʊt ɒf/. 10

primary stress falls on the first syllable "put," and the second syllable "off" is unstressed.

Anticipated problems and solutions

1. Problem (meaning): Students may confuse "put off" with other phrasal verbs or expressions
that use the word "put." Such as put up with 11
Solution: Compare and contrast "put off" with similar expressions or phrasal verbs to
highlight the specific meaning and usage.
2. Problem (Form): Students might have difficulty identifying that "put" is the main verb and
"off" is the particle in the phrasal verb "put off."
Solution: Explain that "put off" means to delay or postpone, with "put" as the main verb and
"off" as the particle that changes the meaning and we call it a phrasal verb.
3. Problem (Pronunciation): Students may stress the wrong syllable or fail to emphasize the
correct syllable in "put off."
Solution: Model the correct pronunciation of "put off" for students, paying attention to
individual sounds and stress patterns.

4: …we suffer hallucinations, and eventually die. (lexis)

Meaning:

In the end, especially after a long delay, dispute, or series of problems 12

Synonyms: finally, ultimately

CCQs:

-Are we going to die at the end? Yes

-Is it going to happen immediately? No

10
Longman Advanced Dictionary
11
The Practice of English Language Teaching, Jeremy Harmer
12
Oxford Advanced Dictionary
 Other examples:

Eventually, I did get better and returned to work.

I am sure that we'll succeed eventually. 13

Form:

eventually" is formed by adding the suffix "-ally" to the adjective "eventual." Highlight the
transformation of the adjective to an adverb through this suffix.

Pronunciation

There are three syllables and the main stress is placed on the last syllable. The second syllable is a
schwa /ə/ The –ed ending of the past participle is pronounced /d/

Anticipated problems and solutions

1. Problem(Meaning): Some students may struggle to understand the meaning of "eventually"

due to its abstract nature.
Solution: Provide relatable examples, especially in the related context.
2. Problem(Form): Students may have difficulty with spelling "eventually" correctly, mixing up
or omitting certain letters.
Solution: Highlight common spelling patterns or rules, such as the double "l" and "y" at the
end of the word.
3. Problem(Pronunciation): students may struggle with the pronunciation of "eventually,"
particularly the stress pattern.
Solution: Break down the word into syllables and practice each syllable separately.

Bibliography
Aitken, R. (n.d.). Teaching tenses.

Harmer, J. (n.d.). The Practice Of English Language Teaching. Longman.

Longman Advanced Dictionary. (n.d.).

Oxford Advanced Dictionary. (n.d.).

Swan, M. (n.d.). Practical English Usage. Longman.

Workman, G. (2005). Concept Questions and Time Lines. Chadburn Publishing.

13
Mc Milan Online Dictionary