Problem

Impact of Mount Merapi Eruption on Community

Economy

ARRANGED BY :
Muhammad Izzul Zamroni

Jl. Minha No.01 Kwaron, Diwek, Jombang

Al-AQOBAH Islamic Boarding School 4
01 APRIL 2020
 FOREWORD
Alhamdulillahirabbil Alamin Praise our profound gratitude to the creator, namely AllAh

SWT. With all the unlimited abundance of favors.

The second, namely prayer and greetings are always for the king namely the Prophet

Muhammad. That has made us a brightly lit life as it is today. Because thanks to his grace we can

be like this.

We hope the results of this paper report can be useful as additional insight for readers,

especially for us paper report makers. So that we can correct errors in the coming days in making

reports.

I thank Ustazdz Rosyad as a teacher of Al Aqobah 4 who has given this assignment so

that they can add knowledge and insight according to this paper.

I realized, the paper I wrote was far from perfection. Therefore, I will look forward to

constructive criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper.

I also thank all those who shared some of their knowledge so that I could finish this

paper.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Sheet ………………………………………………………………………………… i
Foreword ……….………………………………………………………………………………... ii

Table of contents ……………...………………………………………………………………… iii

CHAPTER 1 : PRELIMINARY …...…………………………………………………………… 1

1.1 Background ………………………………………………………………….. 1

1.2 Formulation of the problem …………………………………………….……. 4
1.3 Research purposes …………………………………………………………… 4

CHAPTER 2 : PROBLEM REVIEW …………………………………………………………... 4

2.1 Mountain definition ………………………………………………………….. 4
2.2 The impact caused by the volcano ……………………………………..…….. 5
2.3 Positive impact of Mount Eruption ……………………………..……………. 5
2.4 Negative impact of Mount Eruption …………………………..…………....... 6

CHAPTER 3 : CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS …………………….…………. 8

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 CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background

Mount Merapi is one of the 127 most active volcanoes in Indonesia that frequently erupts.
Merapi's geographical location is at coordinates 7 ° 32`5`` LS and 110 ° 26`5`` BT with an altitude
of 2986 mdpal. The last eruption of Merapi occurred in 2010 based on historical records, the
eruption of Merapi in 1872 was recorded to occur for 5 days. The eruption of this mountain has
a very negative impact on society.

Hot clouds glides on the eruption 138 years ago was a maximum of 11-12 km while the
2010 eruption reached 14.5 km.

The eruption of Mount Merapi has several high aspects for the progress of society such as
social aspects related to the existence of Merapi, among others: a vehicle for the preservation of
tradition and national unity. The second aspect is the economic aspects of Merapi material, aside
from being a mine resource that can be exploited for a long period of time.

Based on its shape, Merapi has several types, namely: high composite Merapi volcano or
volcanic ash which hardens by petrolgi magma Merapi is andesite - basaltic.

Merapi is formed geographically on the island arc. If the volcano erupts, the main threat
that threatens is the flow of hot clouds. The flow of hot clouds is a falling dome of Merapi that
glides at high speeds reaching 300 km / hour. The secondary danger from the eruption of Mount
Merapi is cold lava floods that can occur during the rainy season and will adversely affect the
plants and vegetation of the community and can also damage farmers' land, this land is called
critical land. The purpose of the degraded land is land that cannot be reused optimally because it
suffers physical, chemical, and biological damage and will ultimately adversely affect and
endanger the hydrological functions, orolgi, agricultural production, settlement and social life of
the community.

The Merapi volcano is an active volcano, having a strato-type stripe type whose eruptions
have experienced different types of eruptions, namely eruption and eruption. Melt eruption
produces lava tongue, lava dome, pyroclastic flow. Eruption eruption produces pyroclastic fall
that consists of large rocks (gravel) to fine size.

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 Fine rocks can fall at distances of up to hundreds of kilometers from the crater because
they can be affected by gusts of wind. Pyroclastic flow consists of hot gas, volcanic ash and rocks.

This flow can move from volcanoes quickly and produce very hot gas. Lava consists of
pyroclastic materials and other rocks mixed with water, both rainwater and lake water contained
in the crater. The water contained in the lake becomes very hot at the time of the eruption, lava
formed will also become hot so it is called hot lava. Cold lava is lava that occurs when the interval
is long enough after the eruption. Lahar is a mud flow that contains a large amount of broken
cornered lump material originating from volcanoes. The danger of lava from the Merapi volcano
has wide impacts on the community. The losses incurred are not only loss of life, but also loss and
damage to property as assets of community livelihood.

The eruption of Merapi Volcano also resulted in pollution of air containing Sulfur
Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide as well as several dust particles that could potentially poison living
things around. Material released by volcanoes has the potential to cause disease called ARI. Hot
lava caused by the eruption of Merapi Volcano can also cause forests around the Merapi area to
be damaged by fire and ecosystems in the forest will be automatically threatened.

The slopes of Merapi volcano are densely populated, mainly because of its fertile land
for farming vegetables and food crops. At the time of the eruption no less than 350,000 people
were evacuated to safer locations. The eruption of the Merapi volcano had quite a broad impact,
both in the areas around the Merapi Volcano itself (Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City, Magelang
Regency, Magelang City, Boyolali and Klaten Districts) and other regions, such as Purworejo,
Kebumen, Purwokerto, even to the district of Ciamis, West Java Province.

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Research Drawing Results

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1.2 Formulation of the problem

1) What causes the eruption of Mount Merapi?

2) What is the community response to the risk of the eruption of Mount Merapi?

3) Why did the eruption of Mount Merapi occur?

1.3 Research purposes

1) To find out what causes eruption of Mount.

2) To find out the community's response to the risk of the Mount Merapi eruption.

3) To find out the eruption of Mount Eruption.

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 CHAPTER II

PROBLEM REVIEW

2.1 Mountain Definition

Volcanoes or volcanoes in general are terms that can be defined as a system of hot fluid
channels (rocks in the form of liquid or lava) that extends from a depth of about 10 km below the
surface of the earth to the surface of the earth, to the surface.

2.2 The impact caused by the volcano

Mountain eruption is an event that occurs due to deposition of magma in the bowels of
the earth which is pressed and pushed out by high-pressure gas. Magma coming out of the belly
of a volcano that is erupting or volcanism.

The Merapi volcano erupted on Thursday (2/13/2020) at 5:16 a.m. WIB The eruption
column was observed as high as 2000 - 5000 meters. Mount Merapi erupted again on Saturday
(3/28/2020) at 5:21 WIB. Eruptions were recorded on Seismographs with an amplitude of 50 mm
and a duration of 180 seconds and wind direction when erupted to the west.

Eruption itself is a phenomenon where magma comes out of the earth, magma comes out
in the form of molten lava or fountains of lava, gas or water vapor. Mount Merapi has a sliding
distance of one kilometer.

BPPTKG urges residents not to do activities within a radius of three kilometers from the
summit of Mount Merapi. At present, BPPTKG maintains the status of Mount Merapi at level II
or alert. For the time being, BPPTKG does not recommend investigation and research activities
related to disaster mitigation. Previously, the most active volcano on Java Island had experienced
an eruption twice on Friday, March 27, 2020.

Now, from some of the explanations above we can find out that there are some volcanic
eruption impacts that often occur whether they have a serious impact? The following effects of
volcanoes erupting in various positive and negative aspects :

2.3 Positive impact of Mount Eruption :

1. Destini Wisata Baru
The impact of Mount Eruption from the positive side of the first is to create new
tourist destinations. The existence of changes in the region and natural conditions of the
post-volcanic phenomenon, usually a special attraction for tourists.

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 This can be used by local residents as new jobs after feeling loss as victims of the
volcano eruption.

2. Volcanic Power Plants

The area around the volcano that often erupts is very appropriate to be used as a
volcanic power generation area. Relying on thermal energy generated from around the
mountain, will certainly save energy in the region.

3. Sand and Stone as Building Materials

The impact of a volcano erupting from the next positive side would be obtained from
the blast in the bowels of the earth. When lava flows, it certainly carries certain materials
of good quality, such as sand and stone. Local people can use it as a sturdy building
material, and of course more economical.

4. Forests with a New Ecosystem

Lava flowing and bursts of hot clouds with volcanic ash certainly give changes to the
surrounding ecosystems, both animals and plants.

The impact of volcano eruption is observed from the positive side, this will create a
new ecosystem. Forests damaged by eruptions will soon be replaced with new trees by
bringing new ecosystems as well.

5. Soil is more fertile

Volcano eruption sand will bring a lot of sand, and the soil traversed by volcanic ash
will make the soil more fertile and very good for farming.

Surely it can bring benefits to the community in creating new plantations, rising after
the natural disaster of volcanic eruptions.

2.4 Negative impact of Mount Eruption

1. Animals and Humans Died

Of course, the negative impact of the eruption of the mountain is to eat many victims
of living creatures, including plants, animals and humans.

Some residents did not have time to escape due to the speed of hot clouds that came
suddenly, sick from poison gas, and so on.

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2. Air Pollution
When a volcano erupts, the impact that can be felt up to other cities or countries is
air pollution. The gas that is ejected from the bowels of the earth contains dangerous
substances, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) and other dust materials that usually contain toxins.

3. Forest Fire
Magma coming out of the mountain becomes lava with temperatures so hot that it
easily burns the forest through.

4. Hot clouds
The negative impact of the next volcano erupts namely the release of hot clouds. The
speed of hot clouds that are colored like dark clouds are able to kill all living things in
its path.

5. Incandescent Rock Rain

The erupting mountain also blew up incandescent stones that went everywhere as far
as possible. Hot incandescent stones that can burn buildings, forests, so they can kill.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusions
After conducting this research, I conclude that the community must always be
vigilant and always be careful because we do not know when the eruption of Mount Merapi
will occur.
If there has been an explosion of Mount Merapi, we must avoid the volcanic
ash released by Mount Merapi, because volcanic ash is not good for health. In a way :

1) Avoiding outdoor activities

2) Close the windows and vents
3) Use protection
4) Available drugs
5) Immediately to the doctor

If exposed to humans, these hot clouds can be dangerous and have a negative
impact on health because they contain particles and are irritative and Corsican.

B. Recommendations

For readers it is recommended that this paper can be used as a learning medium
in the context of understanding the symptoms that occur when Mount Merapi erupts.

And for other writers, it is hoped that this paper can be further developed in
order to refine the paper that was previously made

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Azizah, Kurniah. 2020. 16 IMPACT OF ERUPTION MOUNTAINS FROM VARIOUS, GOOD POSITIVE
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