2.

ASH FALL – volcanic ash consist of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass created
during volcanic eruptions. Also refers to all explosive eruption products.

(Our 2nd volcanic hazard is ash fall

Volcanic ash is nothing like the soft fluffy material that we see when wood, leaves burn. Rather, it is
made up of small fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass that are hard, abrasive,
mildly corrosive, and do not dissolve in water. Thick blankets of volcanic ash can have big consequences
for plants, animals, and people.)

I remember the time when Taal volcano spew gases, ash and lava into the air January 12, 2020. Actually
me and family were having lunch that time at tagaytay. Fortunately, sumabog siya na sa byahe kami
pauwi. Nakakatakot kase ang grey ng paligid. Not knowing nag erupt nap ala yung mt taal.

In addition, we will discuss what are the devastating effects of ash fall

DEVASTATING EFFECTS OF ASH FALL

Can pose significant disruption and damage to: health, water, buildings, transportation, power supply,
communications equipment, agriculture. etc.

(Communities near volcanoes are at the greatest risk for ashfall. As I said awhile ago ashfall is very
abrasive, it is irritant to eyes and lungs. Ashfall can cause minor to major damage to vehicles and
buildings, contaminate water supplies, disrupt sewage and electrical systems, and damage or kill
vegetation) ashfall from Taal Volcano had reached Calabarzon and Metro Manila. In fact, Several areas
near Taal Volcano also experienced power outages due to ashfall, lava mud, and rocks. Plus, nasira din
yung mga pananim kaya nagkaruon ng high demand and limited resources that time. Maraming
namatay na hayop duon mismo sa island. Ganun siya katindi. So, what you have to do during and after
an eruption is to stay calm, stay indoors Wear safety glasses and and dust masks. Kase Inhaling ash can
be very harmful to your health. Stay tuned to your trusted local news source for the latest updates.

3rd we have

Pyroclastic Flows - is a hot chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of
meters per second) away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front.

Pyroclastic flows can be extremely destructive and deadly because of their high temperature and
mobility. 

Pyroclastic flows descend the south-eastern flank of Mayon Volcano, Philippines. Maximum height of
the eruption column was 15 km above sea level, and volcanic ash fell within about 50 km toward the
west. There were no casualties from the 1984 eruption because more than 73,000 people evacuated the
danger zones as recommended by scientists of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.
Pyroclastic flows form in different ways:

a. collapse of eruption column: during a highly explosive eruption, the column ejected upwards
into the atmosphere cools and can become too cool and dense to maintain upward momentum

A common occurrence in explosive eruptions is column` collapse when the eruption column is or

becomes too dense to be lifted high into the sky by air convection, and instead falls down the slopes of
the volcano.

b. “Boiling over” from eruptive vent: during an explosive eruption, material is erupted without
forming a high plume and rapidly moves down slope.

c. Collapse of lava domes or flows: The fronts of lava flows or domes can become so steep that
they collapse due to gravitational force.

Vent - An opening in Earth's surface through which volcanic materials escape.

Crater - Mouth of a volcano - surrounds a volcanic vent

Our 4th is

Volcanic Gases – is the fluid gas phase released by active volcanoes, both during eruption and
quiescence. Magma contains dissolved gases, which provide the driving force that causes most
volcanic eruptions. So paano ba nabubuo ang volcanic gas. Due to the magma rises towards
the surface and pressure decreases, gases are released from the liquid portion of the
magma (melt) and continue to travel upward and are eventually released into the
atmosphere.