Type of Students’ Students’

Grammatical Grammatical Cohesion in

Cohesion Devices Use Percentage (%)
References 68 46.5%
Substitution 23 15.7%
Conjunction 53 36.3%
Ellipsis 2 1.3%
Total 146 100%

References Substitution Conjunction Ellipsis

TOT
Perso Demonstr Compar Nomi Ver Clau Addit Advers Temp Cau Nomi Ver Cau AL
nal ative ative nal bal sal ive ative oral sal nal bal sal
21 42 5 1 22 0 35 0 15 3 2 0 0 146

References
Comparative
7%
Personal
31%

Demonstrative
62%

Personal Demonstrative Cpmparative

Temporal
28,3%
Conjuncti on

Causal
5,6%

Additive
66,1%

Additive Adversative Temporal Causal

Substi tuti on
4%

96%

Nominal Verbal Causal

 Ellipsis

100%

Nominal Verbal Causal

Type of A subtype of The kinds of grammatical The number of

grammatical grammatical cohesion cohesion devices in grammatical
cohesion devices devices reading text of English cohesion
National Final devices uses
Examination
References Personal I, me, my 21
we, our, us,
she, her,
he, him, his,
it, they, them, their
Demonstrative this, that, there, now 42
Comparative more, less, better 5
Substitution Nominal one, one’s 1
Verbal do, did, done 23
Causal so 0
Conjunction Additive and, and also, in addition, 35
moreover
Adversative but, however, even though 0
Temporal then, the last, after that, 15
before, next day, until, in
 the end, at the same time,
previously, later, another
day
Causal because, for, so 0
Ellipsis Nominal 2
Verbal
Causal
TOTAL 146