Class Notes

Quadratic Equations
Grade 10
 Topics to Be Covered

Introduction

1 1.1. Definition of quadratic equation

1.2. Types of quadratic equation
1.3. Roots of quadratic equation

Solution of Quadratic Equation

2 2.1. Using factorisation

2.2. Using quadratic formula

3 Equation reducible to quadratic

equation
 1. Introduction

1.1. Definition of quadratic equation

A polynomial equation, Constants

in which the highest
degree of a variable is
two is called as 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
quadratic equation.

Example:
3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 7 = 0, 𝑥 2 = 4 Variables

1.2. Types of quadratic equation

Adfected Quadratic Pure Quadratic

Equation Equation

A quadratic equation If the quadratic

containing only two
terms one square term
and one first power term
of unknown.
Example: 4𝑥2 + 5𝑥 = 0
equation contains only
the square of the
unknown.
Example: 𝑥2 = 4
 1. Introduction

1.3. Roots of Quadratic Equation

Any value of 𝑥 which satisfy the quadratic equation

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 is called the root or solution of the
equation.

• If 𝑥 = 𝑘 satisfies the quadratic equation, then ‘𝑘’ is

called root of that quadratic equation.

2. Solution of Quadratic Equation

2.1. Using Factorisation

➢ Step 1: C ear all fractions and brackets if necessary.

➢ Step 2: Transpose all terms to LHS to form an equation

of the form, 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.

➢ Step 3: Factorise the expression on LHS.

➢ Step 4: Put each factor equal to zero and solve.

 2. Solution of Quadratic Equation

2.2. Using Quadratic Formula

The roots of the quadratic equation, 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0,

where 𝑎 ≠ 0 can be obtained by using the formula:

−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

where 𝐷 = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is the discriminant

Nature of Roots

If 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 > 𝟎 If 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 If 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 < 𝟎

Roots are real Roots are real Roots are imaginary

and unequal and equal (not real)
 3. Equation Reducible to
Quadratic equation

2 2 3
Example: − =
𝑥 𝑥+2 4

Solution:

Step 1: Simplify the given equation to get the standard

form of the quadratic equation.
2 2 3
− =
𝑥 𝑥+2 4
Taking L.C.M in L.H.S, we get

2𝑥 + 4 − 2𝑥 3
⇒ =
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 4
Cross multiplying, we get
⇒ 16 = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥
⇒ 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0
Step 2: Solve using the quadratic formula

−6 ± 6 2 − 4 3 −16
⇒𝑥=
2

−6 ± 228
⇒𝑥=
2

−6 ± 2 57
⇒𝑥=
2
Mind Map
Quadratic
Equations
Understanding
Quadratic
Equation

Solution of
Quadratic
Equation Types Roots

Factorisation method

Solution of
Equation not in Quadratic Formula method
Quadratic form