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Rating or Setting of Automatic Size (AWG or kcmil)

Overcurrent Device in Circuit Ahead of Aluminum or
Equipment, Conduit, etc., Not Exceeding Copper Copper-Clad
(Amperes) Aluminum*
1000 2/0 4/0
1200 3/0 250
1600 4/0 350

The value of current through electrical equipment is calculated with this formula

Equation 3-3

For the PV-inverter 25 kW, based on Equation 3-3 the maximum current that
through inverter equipment is 36 A. Based on Table 3-9, the minimum conductor
size for inverter connection to grounding system is 10 AWG or 6 mm2. Therefore,
all PV plant part that contains metal part such as PV frame, iron support, etc.
should have bonded each other with 6 mm2 cables.

Before performing the grounding system simulation, first, we must define the soil
parameter of the PV plant location. The ambient soil may contain a uniform
resistivity to a significant depth. It is, however, more common to find that soils are
stratified (i.e. composed of layers having different resistivity). CYMGrd software
-
resistivity measurement data. In this study, the chosen soil models are a uniform
model.

The soil resistivity measured by using KEW 4106 Kyoritsu Earth Resistance
Tester. This measuring instrument has characteristics as follows:
Using Wenner method: 4 electrodes pinned to the ground with equal
distance between each electrode. The resistance obtained by calculation
based on injected current from the electrode and the potential difference
between electrodes.

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Indicator for: overcurrent through the probe, the resistance value in voltage
probe, voltage source level, and excess noise underground.

Earth resistance between electrodes calculated using Equation 3-4.

Equation 3-4
:
: Probe distance in m
R :

The soil measurement data of this area are measured during the site survey. The
measurement is conducted at 4 the corners with three different probe distances at
each corner. The location of each measurement can be seen in Figure 3-9, and the
results are summarized in Table 3-10.

Figure 3-9. Earth Resistance Measurement Locations

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Table 3-10. Soil Measurement Data of PV Power Plant Locations

Point 01 02 03 04 Average

Location

Soil Resistivity

2.5m Probe 28.28

5.0m Probe 11.28 .m

7.5m Probe 8.90

Soil Resistance

2.5m Probe 1.80

5.0m Probe 0.35

7.5m Probe 0.19

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Based on the values in Table 3-10, the soil analysis can be performed. The results
of soil analysis from each point at the PV plant area are listed in Figure 3-10.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Figure 3-10. Soil Analysis Results

(a) Point 01, (b) Point 02, (c) Point 03, (d) Point 04

Further calculations are conducted based on the average soil resistivity value.

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Figure 3-11. Potential Profile based on Point 01

Figure 3-12. Potential Contour Plot

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Figure 3-13. Potential Thresholds Results

Based on the calculations as shown in Figure 3-11 to Figure 3-13, the surface and
touch potentials are below the maximum permissible step ad touch voltages. The
maximum surface, step, and touch potentials are 158.42 V, 17.94 V, and 126.29 V.

Standards used for this lightning protection study are:

IEC 62305-1, General Principles
IEC 62305-2, Risk Management
IEC 62305-3, Physical Damage to Structure and Life Hazard
IEC 62305-4, Electrical and Electronic Systems within Structures
NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection System
IEC 16508, SIL (Safety Integrity Level)
NFC 17-102, ESE Lightning Protection System

The design of a lightning protection system needs to:

Intercept lightning flash (i.e. create a preferred point of strike).
Conduct the lightning current to earth.
Dissipate current into the earth.
Create an equipotential bond to prevent hazardous potential differences
between LPS, structure and internal elements/circuits.

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