‘The Connectors in Modern Standard Arabic Most Arabic textbooks concentrate on morphology and syntax, but while these provide the indapensable st torl base, students stl find there isa wide gap between theis theoretical knowledge and their practical ability 10 ‘write connected prose. This unique textbook concentrates oa the connectors (thot ates, phrase, or dioms which join word, phrases, clauses, or semences) ina functional Setting with the sim of developing and improving the ‘writing sis of intermediate and advanced stodents of Arabic sa feign language. Each lesson of The Conne ‘ors begins with a presentation ofthe sructres, followed by a sample text and sample semenees, before moving on to ugraded seis of exerites. The Book contains iventy seven lessons, including five review lessons, and a sample tes atthe end, Nariman Noll: AL-Warrali is Senior Arabi Language ‘Teacher and Director ofthe Arabic Language Unit of he Arabic Language Insitute atthe American University in Caio, ‘Abmed Taher Hassanein was for many years Associate Professor of Arabic Studies at the Amencan University in Cairo. He is curently onthe faculty of the United Arb Enistes UniversThe Connectors in Modern Standard Arabic man Naili Al-Warraki med Taher Hassanein ‘The American University in Cairo Press Cairo * New Yorkony © 198 120 Fh ve, Ne rk NY TONS Ais sre No pao his pubes Introduction The objective ofthis book is to develop and improve the writing Skills of students studying Arabic a a foreign language. I mess the needs of students who ate at an inermedite or advanced stage and who, having already mustered the basics of Arabic grammer and morphology, can read with minimal difficulty daly newspapers and weekly magazines a Ttrature, history, and the like, Tae methodology adopted is to expose the students to the usage in context of certain sylisic Aevices which they generally have difficulty in using and.hen t rovide ample practice exercises on The importance ofthis book arses fom the fact that there is « lack of attention in existing Arabic textbooks to writing tesbnique and style, Most Arabic textbooks concentrate heavily on morphology and syntax. While these provide the indispensable Structural base, students still ind wide gap between their theoretical know prose By connectors we mean those articles, phrases, o idioms which join words, plas, lasses, or sentenocs. They mye: and their poctial ability to wrte connected 8) Connectors which join words or sentences that have funetional of semantic similarities o relationships, Fr example ord pl kaye b) Adversatives which introduce an idea which ius contrary, © fone degree of another, with the ides expressed in @ preceding clause. For example IGG pay B ge ate «) Causatives which help to justify an idea or conele an opcion. For example: ety abs Sh aa = YS te 48) Connectors which do not fall under any of the above categories but are ther formulaic aad which we consider Jmnporant to include, For example: shot Wye P= Sloe alle = ie phage‘he book is unified by a fonctional setting, and therefore the format of all lessons is almost identical. Each begins with the prevention of the connectors intoduced in that lesson with their Uiterent meanings. Next comes an Arabic lext containing te most Important connectors tobe staid i that lesson. These connectors fre underlined to draw the student's attention to them wile Trang the text. Most ofthe texts are authentic. They are chosen ftom diferent sources which vay in style and content. In some ees, however, minor alterations in selected passages are made in ter to reinforce the main objective of the book. Each text is followed by an English trnsaton. This is often rather literal 10 help students grasp the meaning of certain idioms. The other fntion ofthe tanslation is to obvite the necessity for glossaries svbile sil ensuring that problems of comprehension do. no Interfere wth the main goal This is fllowed, when necessary, by examples, which stents are expected to read carefully. Linguistic n fully certain rules of the connectors studied, Finally come remarks are sometimes included to expl Aifferences in usage amon the dlls, which are graded according to dificult This book includes Twenty-seven lessons, five of which are devoted to review. We have appended a genera estas an example lof what we expect the stents to aequie after having completed all ‘We hope that The Connectors wil help students to acquite some ofthe wating skills which enstre linguistically acceptable syle Ahmed Taher Hassansin Nariman Nall ALWarvak6) Translate the following paragraphs into Arabi 1. The Minister of Foreign Aft, who artved recently from bro, ss suppostd to hold 2 press conference, Howeve the press conference was postponed because ofthe minise's ines, nd it expected to be hed a few days aftr his 2 Ne-sunner ad the new director heen appointed than he ‘announced that new measres will be aken in the company sshich every employee should follow (adhere to) whetke Senior or unio. Ansone sho (whoever sises to tke leave rust aply fort a week in advance n-adition toa ll employees a to come on ine. Conssquenly, all employees were punctual fr fear of being questioned oF penalized 3. Evequae who wans to he journalist must read and write Tot, send al ahr be or she writes ogithe he newspapers oF the magazines and should nor despair i his r her articles sre 20 published atthe beginning, cven if he or she has writen hundreds of ails 4. Insp oftheir personal disagreement, they (al mase) agreed to vote forthe project snc iti 8 mtional project ‘Therefore, as soonas it was presented hey supported it completely. Asa csult ofthat, the members ofthe commitee approved the project uoanitowsly although they had rejected it ast year 2S peal alt= ol aie gll Jang = say = = Soa = jhe ong V hm ll ney = Mall ~ Gah = tt 28S = 285 ~ gh Lal = Ya A eg Translate the following sentences ita Arabic 11 as inevitable tt they tll him bout al the deta 2. What she does her responsibil 3. He nether hears nor ses 4, She took he children to Caio tose the Pyramids 5. As soon as the civ war began in Lebanon, may foreigners Tet the country. 6. She knows Arabic in addition to English and Spanish, 7. Talways rad before I sleep, 8. The two (fem) studens wo succeeded inthe exam came 5. Write 2 paragraph on one of the following topics, sing the connectors indicated spn yea! clita J ELLE GS-1 ~ (lative pronouns) (U gant eLaa!) ~ Lal ~ Ve Soy hn Ge pally chapel glad si bs 1 ge Pda p= St GAP alg ao de pall pL lak Ue = aah aa SUL spall a vaple Jas! cigs 1. Rewrite the following wsing the connectors provided in Peathess, making any necessary changes: 2S ane pee ce all tans dt Ce i) abet ts (oh g2) Eploa G98 — tala ad (2) Leann oats onal (Ula ls) sae ce ont ph ad od g55-t (Gens) ail! = 5,SHall Jlaal 2 Hla) ASL aya ll paler ( (SI) sabes gle ey — fale 4b LAI ¥ MS ebun) eUiasdlly LGV pial anf A 2. Use etch of he following ina sentence to show is meaning: Wyte oh eae oh aea dey oy ole wus =A seu 5. Rearrange the following seeps = Upbig = Mall ~ Gl} — yang -1 Sell ~ Sales B= Ua = ing 8 ae Gok deo Lah = eal = ba Si Gf anit ~ yaa“6 eis necessary visit he Egyptian Mascum whon you are in cairo 7. This inevitable thatthe exam shouldbe on Saturday since ‘Monday i » holiday 8. She simply mst learn typing if be want o have tht job, 9, twas inevitable that hey fire im becuse he was inefficient, 10, They must have studied very hard to recive high grades 1 Its unavoidable that we will meet each ober tomorrow, ‘ince we ae both members of the sme commits 12, eas necessary for him to change his major Because he was not interested in history Wirlte five sentences ora paragraph containing an appropriate form of Ji. 4. Connect the following words or phrases using 3:¥ or any of the related phrases. Example ileal sty = aghll a ene US — eal alll agg Ha = yall = al Ju =r Hotall oh Soll ay gl Ligall tye Use pledll os ~ ae Ge yaaa 4 pele! plo} - eit 1 GLRBAN oh Cpa = Salad Lal jall -10 all = jasc 1 ‘Transat the following sentences into Arabic: 11s necessary to hive a medical check-up before eating the university 2. Ie is necessary that se should havea via to enter Franc, 3. levas inevitable that they send him othe hospital becuse he was ver il 4 We simply mus ask thi they postpone the match because we se not ready frit 5. He must have frgoten to send her lowers when she was il wetbias fates sate of eal! gle ane sl cat lial Jad ogg SI LAY a le an Sail Coty gach pons of Ula “A BI le Taal poeta thd tga eA AAI e908 he i Gaal SoS ol le lll! glial LMT gle Gane 10 cremenll Sesh! lf LMT 2b I eS! Ga WY 3. Complete the following setences: Aeelya cotta am — oe pa -¥ salad gph byte Sot nell ISA —— het ols-4 Sohal Lod egeagl =o pleted ls yo U3 alll joes ale gh gal Jlesl dey fomell Nik le paSe yi Whee cs A US plas cats (gsi __-4 Ae ede ee pesbs le galls Note that 19 canbe replaced by any ofthe following: OT ASE pM ee = le all oe — le oe 2. Rewrite the following sentences using an appropiate form of “while keeping the same meaning. Examples: ‘eae le foal lag of pl! ou ols Gas le foal! Giles gf oe a GIS = ell oyu! Beye gl fall phe gapll Hels a Ba US Jed eas ol an lll ol gi 2 5 of gle -¥ panel Leg Buel pall a ¥ Raspenell gash RSS! gh antl AY Gan Abi piwall Gatal CALL haale Cpt atl ge an cya GIS —9 nesls LS oS cena gt la 5362 BLY abl anny BIRLE e Sleall yt Lge ol 7 pS lll“ oe gle of allay oY pan GL Gy geal pall Seal hg ay GIS 0 asl OM yall Hythe gad 1 ae coe UY Glas] JS-¥ date of ole] JS le -A 1. il inthe blanks wit the approprite form of “9. Examples faite Sly we ye le gla = tad shat Nad pha oe a = sees lth sone ii = le ae dad Laan Eps! Gels cal ote ae hs yd gts ets _- Pe Oy ly ite gla} or he Shee i gi of + glee —_ = Lake pall pSall JBL SL Lal tll Cal Leste “ia gS Glass of Ge 5S Dhl Read SN Ua yh Sf ae allel yall ph Lebel! Bole Gall! ely Leste pegs ol Sale! od Lemay Lynas LEY ois 3 le es Jala LVI JOS LMT gl Ha gaa slay Uy gar cna Upal a BI Iyya Wake 100) Ane atl ‘When the Japanese people faced a foreign cviliation full of vitality daring the Meiji Dynasty, they hast to accept i and 1evitably 1 develop i to suit he nature of he country ‘When the Japanese faced the itleress of defeat in the Second ‘World Wer, they had to struggle to succeed in rebuilding their state. This means that cries did not Kill hope in them on the contiary, they fell they must face the challenges with Aetemination, confidence, and persistenceOg ptally LN Gu pall || subjunctive + IY subjunctive + 31 Spa uy genitive verbal noun + Sya's¥ ‘us, certainly, inevitably, without fail by all means itis necessary, unavoidable, inescapable subjunctive +3 (5) + gem oun pron ¥ | ‘verbal noun + Sa + gem. noun / pron. +d subjunctive + 31 + gen, noun / pron. + le (be) simply mus, (he) can’t get around it, must a7. Se asked me to walt beside her bagaage for fear of losing it 18, They all studied very hard for fear of not passing the exam 98. She always goes to work ealy for fear of losing he ob, 1. They practiced very har forthe contest for fer that they ‘might aot win one ofthe prizes, 11. He didnot vst his end when he was atthe hospital for fear of caching the disease 12, He was not feting well, so be asked tobe excused from playing the match for far of not playing wel 4. Wnt five sentences ora paragraph using any ofthe connectors inthis lesson, 2. Complete the folowing sentences: Hi tk ell 4 FL ll ody canal ph oy US ages gh Mag ga dal Li al coe Uys — ae tet SAU ph ph gh We SLB yh egal tye Layang lish ye IS et ae a oe at Se gt sane ull of UL sy ak cel i gat os 10 3. Trnslate the following sentences ilo Arabic telephoned her before visting er for fear she might not be at home 2 She cou not leave her mother aloe atthe hospital for fear that she might need some hep 3. They asked to postpone the match until they practiced wel for fear of losing the math He went to the airport wo hous befor the depart time for fear of missing the plane “The soldiers could not leave ther positions for fer that the enemy might be near them 6 “They apologized to thee teacher for not stenting yesterday's lecture for fear that he might not allow them to atend today's lectare wnunl Laps / BGS / Gd sau east Wat ELT ay uae AUS) ip sipll ge bigs Lg ad 1 Nee Bake pe all ca so 2a¥I Gi Chal ne) LABS coal ga Ge paul jSael “t petal le CYT gah liad 1 Use Std / Ue / Sou Ud oF / GILL / gfe Uy of LES oF 12 when appropriate IM yall eat) (See bac 0 sla Ball ay Oy ad Sonal oll Jag aut cag} or ee eee gee le gle Uc saad al“ ht hee SL ad lh NBS nk algal ene Slee ule pub bal id} Sal sh pel jal! Gee Ug 5o we Lay ei ke pany “A sik! HAI 9d sal al 9 Git LAs Usb. lb SSL JE Ball coy =I - eal wast Peer Tere) oY obit Raab pall pl gb Lyall i OS Sn pa Ca ok His (Hy pall La Lill ube as Gp pt Ea OU apa WS sp pale y SoseSL! Gedy UL pI eH alls ee OR etal Lag ppl cs Lisi yall gl an LAA aa oe pt ol Halligan Sly 25525 gill Slang ae le Ghat ls A 39S Pay yes Ue Watt ge AE yall = Syl j= Io oes) During the Abbasid Perio, the Arabs translated Grek philosophy ito Arabic. However, they hesitated to translate the plays of the eat poets fox ear that they might transit with them some of the Pagan traditions and also far fearof being influenced by the many Greek gods and thee legends ll of which go against the trtions of Islam, is true thatthe ancient Arabs also had thelr own. gods and idols, bot afer Islam they did not try to revive any of these (eaditions) lst that might endanger the principle of monotbesta upon which Islamic doctine was based| lest fr fear Ses / 6s x (Coltoned by genitive noun or ver noun) for fear that Oho Wa / bh Gs bh a (Collowed by subjunctive) negative forms: for fear that .. may /might not subjunctive > (¥ 31) ¥4 subjunctive’s VE subjunctive Hiya UY 5. you dont answer my leer, I will ot write to you agin, 6 ove to visit France, whether in summer or winter. 7 She will atend the conference neither today nor tomorow Whatever happens, I wil always be your frend 9. visited many counties in Europe. As for the Far East, have ao visited i yet Either Ahmad or Ali wil win the tenis championship this eat. 1, She didnot tlk about modern poetry inher lecture. AS for ‘se, she talked about it for half sn hor. 12, The govemment encourages tourism, both intemal and4. Answer the following questions. Include the connectors in parentheses in your answers ~ Lash = gl) Sul oa bale cs gf Jas Ly (ass, Nye of Ghyll coe) Shad (Seladal gyda Ja 1 @ (ae OY) SGT pale eats gd UT (Lee obo) © (US ~ phn GIS ohn) Spun 8505 ad oe iV oll yb Gal LL -E Ol poll Oa) Sky pall ph Byyll pede Jat Cae ate (Lee gill) Sth Ghysce ch Ja ov (ALR 3) $4555 Gall ok ga LA = oh SAS oa) SHI Lu aa ge jill 93 ou 4 (ey Uy Beall gh Ll Layne VI GLA ple a he (iso t= oF SSH on) SG (31 1a) Shae Raat oad glen Ja 19 ~ Ft opie) Seg I Baga le 3 ae = (ui, 5. Translate the following sentences ino Arabic 1. IE Lwete govemor ofthis city, would ss strc rules to onganize the tai 2. He who wins this contest wil esve a valuable prize, 3. We will hold the mesting whether be comes ont. 44 He nether studies nor works wy pt Ue eats gf Ila — = Leh gst Cajal oh pat ght eee Gee es a pees coat gly UF ooalad Syed = ee AST oy Gd ps LI — egos Wd on pt os — YY) pact od =) pce) any laa 53. Rearrange the following words to fom complete sentences: eptlee~ og ~ of = Ga = Lad = al =] Uiall ~ ad - Gi - (a SSS ~ 6h = Bye — Ue Ga — Goce ~ elt seiSe = gana Vby ty lt = Wd = a= eae = Ul p= gta gral Uf= nase Li= gi git ode oll = Hyd = SUL = all -¥ pith — Land = ad = rage =A Leak ~ epee Uae — GIS ant — pall A ad he gh ody ~ all Wh gil — Ly ~ oh — Ly - Us — Wh - oI yh cand Gh - Waele A weOs rtead s ol Gu yall Shelly gull oa egg de taal Catalyse tl es ae 1. Fl inthe blanks with appropiate connectors andlor words \ UL, yale plese pn pl salt Ra paall Real py = UWL ae ss es pet lal pb al ys la =A gelaiel ally tag pig Y Spall Ha = ~v pkey pt oa Se Lb aid “IY epate 2. Complete the following sentences: Unedeall Bleed! ba cay tl gf =) pills Ll Stel JS cll ¥ vs6, Form five sentences, euch containing an appropriate form of Ul Lf 7. Translate the following sentences ito Arabic: 1, He speaks nether French nor English 2, She aliher speaks nor reads French 3, Neither Mona nor Samira came to my party yesterday. 4, We'll visit either Lebanon or Syria this summer. 5. He shoud either apologize for his misbehavior or withdrew fiom the cones 6, We can bod the meeting citer in your office or in mine. 7. Bither Muharnmad or Abad willbe elected fr the chaimanship ofthe commits. 8. The Olympic Games wil e eld neither in Germany nor in Sweden next year. 9. Ether they must play very hard or they will oe the match 10, We mast ether vs erin hositl or send ber some Aowers 1 He wil vst you neither tomorrow nor afer tomorrow. 12 They neither elected him nor supported him in the previous ‘ection vay wall po Pt pe teliy! ots t. aU ssi ss otal als 5. Complete the following sentences: coral i saad gf Le ogy lanes gpl Le sSepaall GNI gh panes gh. Tag gll CALAN Gon Gall gle Jul 385 of Le asc coal lf} pel pat US le pane hs gH Le Apsbeadl fst Bae dls sf 7 seo Naseaitte TL all hae pad oF LY = ar SyGi Gast gi aus bi uy lates Gt Ly yas Y ppl! fy als hagas ¥ eal IL Aste abl Ll Laka oly ola 4: Fil inthe Blanks wit the appropriate form of Ly. Le sto th te ale sl Ghee gl at Gav plll plicel yates + Gi pal “ UI da333 1a 9958 |e sale Chea ed jects o slat ab, tll all ah pe el ae at we Soe shalall sath spall gad Sah oe Statthy Gy heat eg3 10 elhist Jetty abel, al guste GV 2, Complete the following sentences Se gl Lapin at VY 3 Foum five sentences containing Ys. ¥. uto si hae 1S eae yl =) Re patSan gi Vy Byalill Gh ane Y sane hemes Hy gut aad Y Lal 1 Vasant ally LSty old plaLl ce Npe yated ail -£ cphll LID hy Sam pall 0a pb Jae 0 ABN By aK al at gd Koa all ais G2 ly de od -¥ yan ye tay Hy lad Y adh gag“ Ay 1 (A 1S a3 da 8 Spt Fy UT Y 1. od 1. Fil inte blanks with the appropite form of 9 lane a gl ath a2 ay Nab ig gas Dament —— cgnaent — pail -F A ety call pall alls sth es A I lS ao SG lf sae of pila ast A soya! pedal atl lf ach lake Ale bans apie A oll sig ph gh Lge dl A ur hn Lani ge ene bY LE OS gd UI By peal! ep gate oe Coe Ty Lake! plead SUI Yl a — UL le ne IS dtl gl et pens hy LES Lady pe peel LEI I y ID gh an ae Lo lly old ally QSL AIH Eel jal sae tbs gill just alt= pl el le A= pane ny =p) ID (So) papal ake ga WN pa Se “The author was not score in his discussion, neither of Islamic law rat of some of the Chistian rites. 1 therefore prefered to leave everything asi i, simply because neither the Muslim nor the ‘Christian reader wil consult the Description ‘Egypte on mates of religioas law and worship, since both have their own references ‘which are wellknown to thei followers. warSa stelly coll Ge sall o neither or a present indic. + ¥y... indie. ¥ present noun +95. inde. + 7 past jussive + Vy .jussive + ast, oun + Vy jssive + {3 future subjunet. + 35. subjunct +51 future noun. + 5. subjune. + 51 noun + ¥.. noun + ¥ past rather rare) perfect +. perfect + ¥ rep. phr.+ 95. prep. phr. + ¥ © indie. + (31) Laf'y indie" Ly oun + (1) fy noun + Lp subjunet. + (3151) SIGE subjunet. + 31 Gy) ac. noun + (S131) 1 Ei ae noun +51 Gf vy ales al easel ane La oleilly Sle Ul Se pLaYI-V4 OU) Eyal hse Gd Spall Saale al VY 4. Translate the following sentences into Arabic: ‘She is interested in Oriental musi, wheter modern or casi 2.1 wil not go tthe university tomorrow whether we have an 3. Whether the conference will ein Parison London, be will, attend it ‘The match will tke place whether it rain or not Whether there i a holiday tomorrow or not, Dr. Sami will ive a lecture in Oriental Hall 6. He alays likes to go hu ing in Kenya, whether in summer 7. We will lave for Beirut on Monday whether he is coming wth us oF 0 8. She wants to buy this book whether i i cheap or expensive. 9 He must stay in bed whether he has fever or ol 10, We refse to ste the mesing whether itis held inthe ‘morning or inthe evening. 11. After publishing her frst book she became famous, both in Europe and inthe United States. 12. Whether he ght or wrong she will ot cooperate with i, 5, Form five sentences, etch containing gf. 5 elsueor josive + perfect + lu 6. Form a paragraph containing. fl. GS algae vapails gh lan LIS ogee — hp pane gh gn tlell S3SA 4 Aig gd gH Gage hye a pee Sob Spl all cam Sle] laa 1, ye el oo gh gl al GI Riga ph ANY SAS oly ——- 3. Remit the following sentences using ff SUS «tyuuy while etn te sme meng, Ey gt a jets pT Ta ale algae JULIE Gal esti al pi ag Sen! SH) Lentil pl ph Wag algae Geel sl AAI, ALE pytal BAU ph Lapa Ayal ae Ge le a att telly poe Ig pylall ey op oleate ath ae lay pill pill pula La Salt gt -f Reply Qala GS Bd ae dea 2 Reel ony Cah i nw ly lid A sleds pl ph Saat gine Canes OF 2 ga -V Sally JL cn gl ce al ol al US St LaSalle Saba UN fb S35 pane ey UR Bae ng A Agel en) Laat wa es Ubi Jal os las JS ns ot Sinz ob os 6 lat gl pee = iyghae stall ull al phoael byatah pga JLuull Joel ye pee Nadia pb tl alge Lad Sila “A Sohal sell WIG Saath al gle pay! Ht 4 Tubesal Tuell pall le dass ad es ots e Mage a 5d pans ele = Soquel slay al Yt Jal ll Gblge = eles ab Hysts gt 2. Compete the following Sentences: lye (UV baal Goat Bian ph Lys SIS og lye ole ly gil gly 7 slyue baa LLL! legal! sl ght Spl ll lS hen ~ ne pl Saag Le ed waUta GAS I gas ona (a pan Lea GS Retinal gh Rel 5 Jl ogs8 (a) gh Case GIS shee yee sll gall Gaal 1 Latod oS GIS oho MI SLs ggg GT jpn 1935 shee eadesally Lita ges can gs “E stat (i) choad ph tS IS oleae hese ll Lace as 0 slat gp gl Heel can ehgne pat le pall Y GA a Note: cig is sometimes not used in the sentence, while the structure isl tanslated a whether ot- Examples: Kgs pl Casa 1 slp ppl jut eal (i BS gan geal pall al Lynn gy yal an Legal 3 ya pall gall Sane 1 YE Lose Cal yall all OS A yate wel 1. Flin the Blanks with (1) pl. GIS ely then rewtt the whole — Mell aed CSL pai aa = pel WER iy Ge Goll a golaityl ooh pals el a de pS pats poland gS Apna NT igh Ll w ee prt ILA ph SS ge Lea ll oy lof Healy od ght oe Hl cla eet LSI pil tS Hs Lay pe alent a5 BAG IL papal alae ely 5 GHGS FL TUN as gill glee GIRS gay Laced a Aap sall ay! A ght a aT we Natural resources, whether ia the African or Asian Arab woud ‘eed someone who cin understand the reli of thee station. For this reason, no Arab economie experiment, whether socialist ok capitalist, wil succeed in eebulding the Arab economy unless it takes into consideration the reality of the cultural backwardness in whic the Arab nation ives wSs pte 9 SEI Ga sll shether oF (1) gh ne 1S ole jussive + gle ch pnt F ote In the absence of 316, las i inflected acording 9 is ftnction inthe enn: 2955 ol gl eT pale ge Used with GIS, oly is im either the accusative or the gs pl aga GIS pe pall al ssa ph ld SIS gee path al {All the economists tended the letore on business ‘adminsration. As for th politcal scents, they were intrested in other subjects. 9, Tey studied wel for the exam on Monday As fr the one fon Wednesday, they id not study for it well 10, They all sang the Egyptian national anthem. As for Li, she id wot know it because she is German, 11. Sami is qualified fortis job. As for Ali, he still needs some ‘asining. 12. wrote alter to my sister As for my aun, id not have time to write to her 6. Foum five sentences ora paragraph wsing 2. weols alee A gall Ha gle GL Galas Gal! avi Ha le Eat cteloe Gonale Lalas pabigals PeaBl tall pA Ulan sn ast ll Realy dl Gaal G5 yall hal Sell Gye —A salut Gg gl pablo gla gall IH pan gal A al heel Saal Noel pt Lan alls el a Nap OasS ee Ulan cpt Lang =V getaell pla ng 5 aA ol peal pla uals V9 5. Translate the following sentences ilo Arabic 1. We visited France ast yea. As for aly, we wil vis it next 2, Muhammad pussd ll the courses, As for Abmad be fled in to subjects Fatma likes Samira very much As for Mary, she doesnot like er All the Republicans voted forthe new president, As for the Democrats, they did ot vote fr him. ‘5. Most ofthe students play footal. As for basketball, only a few students ply 6, They listened o the musical program. As forthe news halt, they di not listen oi 7. She goes to Alexandria in summer. As for winter, be goes 0 ‘Aswan, wr Vi SE ae Ijin SLE a alll pang “1 15a stat BAU aha pa Laban] UU! Gas oY Roles! UU sal 6.9 (UML gy GSA So agheel! MEIN cgi Gd Ralae G9 yg 4 pail Spleens aS yl! 5 jhe olenany—\ ata LY dad 9 sil GO YT yay Lika -V1 pas! Irth object of the prepestono adveb afer sefes to the topic word, a pronoun sufi is attached othe reposition ofthe adverb apesing withthe topic word in humber and gender. Example GUUS 8 ie aly LS ya ae UES Las 8h UP aly GES Gah ate 4. tin each po sentences with 3. CS, making any oncessary changes: fanly cath anal glia gl aay eal jase Ab lal 290 5 yall BUS ate AS ell ahs lf Cael ASNT Agila he aman pd GUS 3Hlalt ae as wrebay ope LES ell eagle pSIES “A ADD gle gy cb pn gad gh Sab “Ns Raph C5 ae et (Sale) Joins peal A ty Ile pall pla dane 316 17 Ifthe comment clause contains a transitive verb the abject. of which i not explicit, then pronoun suffix shouldbe altached fo the verb which refers beck to and agrees with the person or object refered to. Examples eltS il nam tsp YS anal tS pi eee LYS tani as or (Phys hl ol dete htt WU (La aha LI gee bl = ge 3. Join each pir of sentences with 3. C, making any necestary changes. Example Sot Bt Ha yh ag I Ha GL past Li gl SHS Hae Croal a8 53 pl Keppel 235-1 Rilgyll aa esen Lay Gb aly os Hal yee 0 ily Sd Lilac Jl Gast ol iG Lali Gy Vikaall Jles oesiolt pill Ih Uyanlas pl peal! faa Gals geil ST Jyh ip cipal Jabal gf -2 w Lge Gk LU =. el Reslgd Liga phy Ll} 2: Join he following ps of sentences wih te contruction. a 7a aking any necesery changes. Example: dy ide pel ba pi el wigs SILI agit Lajas tate yaa at MYT AM pale go ytyy an Ul ae gt aU epee ple Ol gall UU a get that Ryan gi UGET BAU gh a (AN Ma Lal 1 et aed OSI gd 6 Rasa yS Tae pee os Lense 3 tan eae oa? eal gh eae 5 gap Sal oleae pa plein Jobe spar QUALI La gluta! gale tl olka baskie s 13 KSB slag Usa ¢ y5)) Hie tah A Lanees w.Ul Ills a tht pla Ltd Sia go5 Sn HMI La sell QU US le yan ah 1 gl pany Sty wa alg US le PAS Song osl L ayl yIHGT aLAL ot al (oa Ut Aagall buns se sgn gUbdl Goi] Gas -£ fe sh Gaal pho ab eee Lal gual Usa Lab al # al tela 1 Compl te along eens et pessoa 1 a lg pene 8S pa ag Steal Saka yal Ut — tan pee ppl fa oa ganas Akal oda gle gal pl GLI = Li ag gas Sle ga (A gly ong Len AY gh ad -A a Bb ules ULI LT. iss (alae ones ST Gp one te pL CY Les LS poll ape IL a A all lk alia at! oe pode Lyd gle pain SD Seal Jl gd Bal) palatal Lay gale pall sone eh SII Shay A] Gt pull Gy ad Lay! penetine Coley Uslae Gi ole Leas a peal Sally esSall coe MS age sane pL a athe ele ly gh pA Bosal LA ager tn be gL PASall Lit dagnll patel ga tll hs pent Y pall ns So Lyme = sas Len c= pela yy gull Naa T3a AYO Spall el Sl ga oles yep gy ae ge Gatywewot Mohammad “Abduh is considered one of the greatest religious reformers inthe Arab world becatse he took an iterest in religious ‘modernization, and he ako called for social seform. in the religious field, he urged Muslims to strengthen their belie by following the teachings of Islam, As forthe sci aspect of Islamic life, he blamed the thinkers of his ea because they made ‘no attempt to reform thet society ‘Muhammed Abdub criticized equally both the rulers and the ‘led. As forthe ruled they were it his opinion passive, considering the payment of taxes t0 be their only responsibiliy. As forthe rulers in hs view, they understood the meaning of authority only 1 the sbjugation of people to satisfy them wmSo ptally SEU! Gell comment topic as for eg cl CF can be followed by a noun, v.n., demonstrative pronoun, relative pronoun, or personal pronoun (all in ‘ominative cae). iis not wansated into English Ww 12, Form eight sentences using any of the above condition Se yal Last Jans pUESSL algal SAI 10 rtd Site plage gl Ghd pas NY 11 Tunslte the following sentences into Arable: 1. Ifyou attend the conference which willbe held next mont, 1 wil tend it with you, 2. He would have fue in the eloctions were tno for his fiiend’sbelp (him). 3, Whatever you sy about this subject, no oe wil believe you, 4. If he were to publish his book, he would become very famous ‘5.1 wil not go with you unless you promise me not ori that ‘ld problem. If you don’t approve my projec, wil resign fom this company, 5. You must apologize to him, otbervse he wil nt cooperate ‘with you to complete your project. 8. He wo betrays his fiend wil ind hms lonely. 9, What you dois your responsibility. 10, Wherever you go Iwill go with you 11, {will support you even if he others don’ 12. IF you ate not convinced, express your opinion freely. ‘constrictions and then tense your sentences ito English show their meaning mee 10. Rewrite the following sentences using any of the above sevaitonal consuctions, making the necessary changes ‘hile Keeping the same meaning, Examples Sell yc yb gsalen pSaclel gy gieee = bad all ga oh bpd Ube pall Sats gf Sal oo . ged ghygle Uke gyal SSE Gh Sal se ad ald gh Wi gle Ue pyall 6G gi Salle = Tad ual! SsnLel Byacd lS cay gases Ol path pisselac pl fy Saale Boe pple lL gan Sebel dye pel Gensdl od Sty Gall! chal Gauatons pao) fala pal anes of bye al al nel et fag tayod LLL gl gs dy y3t dae Gi thank IS gay gyi he gd os dogh pits A pill Ha yaad gd -° LER pkey pd Ly Shad ll ll p25 eal ul (pty 3A oa LI AYT IL gabe OI eaLI gp Wyler US Gah 5 Ugat eo seine glee “A denshy ages ot pz lL Tal py Gly Sls isk “® hakiy Lag tytoal! clibe date, ve jidel py] ela gd last epee My ak lato Sal eA lsat! yadatind Wy fad sale of Selle ab aga oh ale pall Sl pe coh I gale Ne le dalla 21d Yh gg See of eee 9, Complete the following sentences using any of the above conditional partes (319 yes 1 Yd See) UL GUS yo le = Lan sd gage Ute I Cast ee areas pelt in a dT de Ny“? ae oe sited -¥ neil Bal Lael ee ee ——— tbe JS Gabel -) egal cle gall pd gh Sa I NY AS jl! Upplnenn “I we ————————————&, Form five sentences, each containing 2 negated conditional panicle N.bs The following constructions also give conditions! meaning: even if, eventhough ino, otherwise ‘on condition tha, provided that, Uke gilysne G pate Gly ial! Iba patel I -) pipe sani el Oly dial! Iba paola ¥ anal adn pl gly Jad pean Anas oy pie Grape) Leake by of paadl -£ SBT Bl ol eo IS ge gle pa? ane So OS LH ae ae SS gos w = esl ph Nantes pba oA Stn pe ph pb sles Hs UL = el yaa gl ltt Mall ope UY 17) Rewe the following sentences, sing segted conditions! particles, while keeping the same meaning. Examples: heal apd pat Bales Chel old Sl ods Baal A ee ol Bi cane I ucla Byuah sal oaeling¥ Laake (Of sell yeah ani cael gd f= sgeyhae USN Jo gah YL ake loses RL a Yan pudaking spade gly geleting VE Sila a “¥ ELaieY jyudal nelinn gop pines Y pgatall Gath pe UL yi lh pide Sly GLA! Jeti cS Aint 3 3k UAL Un Ue ~ Aa pall Lig ph lL y Sans Jutine gall —T Bi ygh ade gd Yale GIS alll GY -¥ Ss alll pl Y Ball! pal gf eal =A 3 pBS gal dal OY syed! con ght A Ain esl apes (dS lena p paly SIA Glad! gb UM (CBI! alSt 355ly le cabin VY weUae ssa tal 3th Joa oll A U laa Ni gh Lennie Sal Ja cab SEU papal GaN Gale go Ralyall nal Lh cise ese eel U hal pb Ud ay a oS bs Lal JL yall gy ~v SAMY aad Byala fy “A toot ppt U uel 6, Complete the folowing sentences: Nad able ghia J 13} etiam! Sele pl of ————— —— Stl eh call pat pl = se Gls cn! Ls en ey pS) USL ests) ~ gins tot abst [NBs land of are negated with while fis negated with ether ory. ‘ndioal dae ator jive pt itt jms bad nt sive pt ol were it not for ‘nom, noun, V.n, oF pronoun+ ¥ sd ales for he rence re same ashe Fer affimative uk Fda lly Lead oleate gl 1-1 USS oyu Ub pda yada gl 3) 1 Leh Ugg cond Lagll Sty et pl of (ills eked Gd sels gl —t Lee o9Sl of cate! Gone oSt od -# (cLsseLee Le) cael U acl gl teed! ol aabll Yy) -¥ Gots ngs (Le /) UGLY eh gl Gael Yl “A Ua sh aasi (Lf) Uo 4 5. Fill inthe blanks with appropriate nepated conditional particle: coal U laa Gapped RAL! Gu nwsedan ll pb Gabe Folsall gee Ve yale se pll eLdaee Lp gale laa! 10 Udall pi pA Gs 5S ple Jans VY 43, Complete the following sentences: pola teat slot yaks 13-1 ot pe aged —— hall gaat pala of 1 UBL 3a ents U__ “ Baal GUY ll pd tel eS yl -2 Leola! i! as) ol pene cast 15] 1 4 Form five conditional sentences using. 13 oF yen a hg GES ge ay U) _pSlne Sapa all see ol a Seattle ps8 3 2. Change the folowing into conditional sentences, making the nocessry changes, while keoping the same meaning. Examples Qari BINS pe okie all Jol Lebel ial cats! Bgaell alg oad BE easel! Line slaty ane Lge ace! ae 3L LS Kyte ol psa! Gf = Signi gues eh lash ae Lge igh yee Sell UR ae a Jag Lt sill, GLAM Lyn S Lye Aull! gin sala Syed aes age Ff Habel (Salon yo LLY ye pes La Ball pb LG Ls ce Japan le Gd alga A Chall es Uy UU gle GLAS oan —¥ al spall S55 GUAM cpa “A op $eLga Taf Sopa t cgi el Jat Ta et Gaeta ip andi wren wit asa Veaboa Wale oS gl 1 seaf¥ jolie oil git lagi ab Gable cil gl -2 5 Fr stylistic reasons, the subject may precede the ver in the onto cas, in some Quon sso oem namotes “acl iy Sahat Lt oy ght Leal SG as See ete pl ly ape Saal, (UAiSY! Byer Oe) a ull} Lge ll AM Copy GF 1. lin the fist blank in each sentence withthe appropriate conditional parle, then begin the result clause with an Sepropite wor onl ule Ragga UF eng Rall Ue A eile ohn gf ys cee see Na piles il ___- ee oe a toll aay ~ abe Ulypll aia lp es “A vy Nowe 1.he enol ptces in Abie re may; they cn be Aided acoding ogra funn flows (© Pails followed by either he pert ore josie in bo the condo nthe sales Dh be GO, 2, CO and (i Paice flowed by the pret in bth he condo an the rea awe "3, and Lis 2 Ifthe result las doesnot begin withthe jussve or pfs, itis sully introduced by 4. Examples: Lae UU ae (hal) Gall BV Del gs pAatT Gold (Y sles) Gal gla Lage = Baba pd pall eps (pi ys) BAI ke ull basal yl ASU So ley 1a] -t gd as 9 3. Ifthe word orders evesed i. the rest clause comes before the conditional clause, there no need to use 3, Examples so ge yl tga CT So Ge aS ol das 4A nominal sentonce can be changed into conitional sentence hy proving the appropiate form of jl afer lsh 5) rsh Alo, = could be used ater. Example: ash yak lily alee ot az3) Gyad Galea oS Ve hag3} Gye Galea iS Gf 0 yerual (ol 8) asi oti (9) 1 you sy, you wil sce ented 21 (5) LY 1 you sy, you wil ssn se th S15 (3) IT st you ty, you wil nf PSU oie oft It you uve, wie ome. qs S13 of -° 1 you soy, you will suced peated 618 IA It you sty, yo wil socze. (op Ut) pH SS (9!) you sy, you may steed (eo Lepd) pe 8 SIS | “A 16 you stad, you may suceet ~ b(s!) GY 15 t-) Ihe ha visited me, {would have old hi. ob bi) lee ba visited me, I would not have 0 im Jail Byun 315 oT Ihe were to visit me, 1 woul tl him vee ellen Al lig gun Lad yall pe li pe ak ee ol oe ap ey etal oe ual GG slates IL oe GE Le ph all poll Le il Lal Lely wei a oy oles ally La ae pS Spt pela! Goel ele Gaga gd Aly Jl! eal ISLS peal Gang JLaB! Gye duel oe Lay bt ST PLAT ed pak ale ae pga! Gite Ly GLa oe cee ones one ote OLS 49 SAT Ha gh city JOAN ce oi aL A GUS aly cpalny wee Oe eae bag le Hol OLS abd ply Gel Bis La cme IY ppb ST ed Gp tal lag 53 3 satel espe gael all ll piso te ep Ee (a ee IC we do not classify the Arabs racially as Quhanids and Adaanids, then we must classify them geographically into southerners and otters i consideration of the eifferenee in their envionment in the south and the north. However, if we include in ovr consideration the politcal entity of Yemen, the diference will be ‘ety teat Hence, ve shall compare the Arabs in the north and the ‘Arabs inthe sou, excluding the Yemen a a plitcl entity. If we look into the origin of the Northern Arabs, we find that they ae of purer lineage, and i we presume they intermingled with ‘hose neighboring them ia Sytia and Tag, then this intercourse was between Artbs and Arabs or between Abs aod Semites. If there as any intercourse between the northern Aris aod the Persians and Byzantines, it was very rae. Anyone who studies the Arabs of the south will find that their interaction with the Afvicans in paticulac and with the Persians and Indians was a very prominent feature.Sg oteally gulall Ga sal! aif, when result clause = conditional clause perfect. perfect +131 (oot perfect) +4 perfect + perfect orjussive .. perfect + bf (vot pert. or juss) + 4 jussive + by bait. were al result clause = conditional clause (astinm) perfect + J... perfect + (00g) perfect + Cas % J. perfect + indie #53 / Lu / Uae tb. perfect +’ + eres optional ver 6. Translate the following sentences into Arabi: 1."The participants inthe conference decided to hol its next, ‘meeting in Alexandra tis worth mentioning that Ade! graduated with honors although he was il for a whole mont {eas not long after the establishment of this ew college thet it became well respected throughout the county. 4, She stated that she was very happy inher new jo a the sniversity {tis well known that he Arabic language i ificl, but its ‘beautiful language when the student understands it wel, No sooner had the two countries agreed on a truce than the ‘ceasefite was violated and fighting began gain. 7, Scarcely had two months passed aftr the chaiman’s resignation when two of his assistants resigned to. 8, The dean ofthe Faculty of Medicine said that the result of the final examinations would appear one week later 9. 1t soot key that we will meet he president ofthe university 10, She had hardly left the room when she heared oud shouts ‘behind her 1. fewas only a few months afer his departure when he “decided to retura his old job, 12 As son a the civil wat began in Lebanon many foreigners Tet the county ver4, Use each connector in complete sentence 5) Fil in the blanks with the appropriate connectors which you have studied inthe previous lessons Sah il] hey pt OL sal Jal chins LUN tla gab wc agua cols Bae GON §h eed peal oll SS Baty ale eal 1S ds gle Ga aly JS pet gy thy ge ot Gant US a ply SH GH ols Ls sl eMH pa cil Ls ot bel ~ UL slat OSM hans y yy Hage Gp ie eeu hl pa aati pt At Gas (Son) cee Asal 10° pee MLA Ee vey 5. Rearrange the flowing words form complete sentncs: sky cane clay tat aT gh = andl = GIS JU — cally — 1 GIS ~ Gh ~ Daly denne le ~ 53tbt I~ pgill ~ gi — Ga ~ Gueal ~ Ghat yal ya — pala = gf Ll able ta Yi gland! — i ge yall = of ~ jane — dyad ~ Lasale -¥ = ply = ae = ll = ll = yn ~ pala pl “A yee Sel Teale = Gal = eld = Galley = 2S Jal = dA oO ABR H ee ae pay eho gle = Le aly oH AML yal US = gla ad = = ag io Gea sel 9 = I= pants = gl ~ agli =I whe~ glaf- Gene veSg rteal Gu ysl! . phe alll in pte Guile ge Gest ale Leal 1. Flin the Mans wih sn appropriate connector . Holand lal any coe Seal! 53 ky sopaall oS Fase he ets el dale tah = Sere gis alad do yt “ Sa pclall ce yal im Sy oad sgt la =o hands Le Legg le 0 Skgall oe Galey tet le oY cienge al ab Lae =A sean 84 SB JULY JS ash pe hag Sy AS ee Si Ual! aly ll abe — see aly le ene -\¥ 2, Compete the folowing seatences: oh agit ed ah tet 0 tte gtr A pees ule pad a ee vs8. Form five sentences sing. im pep OF cin pn SS ny 9 Translate the following sentences into Arabic ung fin all, vee of Sella OF a. paved where appropriate 1. My brother went othe United States, andi was not long mentee kes 7 Rewrite te following setenes sing ein. le yoy while ‘Keeping the same meaning. Example Ul Lads analy coin SOI oa oh Jae Her frend eame ovis er, and it did not ake her long to ocide to stay with ho and work i that iy 5. Itwas scarcely a week afer they entered the Faculty of Law when they decided 1 leave it ees Ge Bybee gle ag 4: twas satel three weeks afer returned from Japan when Le Lay coal Traveled onee again 5. thas nt long afer I Began to study the French language oony Udall Il Suse Janey coe Lele aay) when Tas able to write plang 6 twas searcely an hour after the dzetor's srval tthe ‘office when he called for a meting. Pe ae ll Cone cg Lh tall oN Go g3 7. They (dal fem) published their ist hook Ist mont. 1t was PME oI A Nolen y cps Ipatel rot log before they became famous. We la cise sy ola USN oa oat 8. They (plural fem) decided to lve in Beir, but it was not - Jong before they changed their mind because of the civil war UN IS ck y Slate GES poole ple pate —2 thet. gel yy Folds yaad Gye less 9. Iwas ony few weeks after his father's death hae eft for Th : Iuly 10.1 was scarcely ball an hour after the match started when fone of the players asked to be changed, SII LALIT GUS ye A SIL oy A 1 te was scarcely a week afer his graduation that he applied Uden coepaly egies wth die ently EAs) forthe misters degree com deel elise! ag Bate 12 Scacely had one yest passed after the publishing {publication of be fist book when she published two more peeling Ualeall slog! sae ‘oaks. Saadil pb pies 9K Bal la. see ae ld any U5 gl vw wwSalle ae Slat! JS abit ae ie ye —_- ust! Us Jana Socal hy gle gts eal at \ 6. Complete the following sentences using «a sang OFS! gan esa appropriate: Geb osgadin te ish ty ee te eet a oe eo Nese le ye gh 8 ca ppetll ALAA coe pmed — ph 2s gas dV Analall gn AS te ae ve ® : ual compel cin pple ay lag nga gle yesh LU GARE Lode 1584 canal phe ay gape ole dash oaks yi pT LeU GBR L Lda 15S le Sd Se Slot Malad, Ula ule yy Ell plne he Sp ie ally GLAS le Opt ya pl of lhl psn le yay he leat Lealally Gaal! gle (pate 2 Fe pie ia Talal GL gle Set pede IN GU pi bias hin hanks wh pay G11 fale Cop aye le tat cosh BS pay Gell le glade ot Wl loa ott ll pany de Salt + sae Shoe qed ly Ul te cys ot Iya Lapse Sot he BAL goa le - ty! ves2. Rewrite the following sentences using the appropriate form of (5) olen & Example peed caky any aguas gg peal plabl Igald gual GI iphallag onal plabd (9313 = meh caiy say La g5iy dal! Lagat le Ua) esky say Sly Laie Ll IS Jae a sate 8S AD gata al ll Hoel pend oy sy gnsaily Calg Slee gd US atl pase sky ang Linn yy pel gh Lal pall Ca 2 any Lal! phd oe oma y Sl pd Jy ll oe 1 puedo reed aks ans ll Uae y canal! US 3 -V ns PLAY Ua Soe AS Sey yam Spb kA seed dy ekg ny Ape ey Ay Lag gle tal 2 oye A — Lanne lee Gods QUA Gaba JE seed oy yy Lk el Bd High ds 3 a GS VY eet peed oaks ate ll cule USL y Lag ll ay oS VY 4 Form five sentences usagi tlle oF in Saal NS ed YG Gates oh cyl el Ub -¥ loess ine San USL Lh hd OS A ee (AOS Ek Salle 5 tall ge Iya pela GS a 1350s Lange cen el Sy ges oS ls =) plies that shy se 15g) RASS cane IS =I Sy a all AM pS Gg NY 2. Compete the following sentences using the appropriate fort of (A) ies: — at is 3 Baa ly, Gs SII ols 1 Aibeall pla] ge Jy satel yaa + — esl Sill | Una -t Le yall US, pe Leal eal 2 Azam peda 15653 of — Ota Hon ae playa Lady Gast =A 08 gh ane of 4 past ad 1 lf egal of —— ay i 8 et Gage vy° ui eal pe ay pall any Ghd Coy pall Get Sas Aalto pb Lge Ine oe Aa a abe tl jae Gh 7 ebay tall BG Cy pall atl on oS or 7 eng le U aSkiad Bolin AS EAM Gy tus ail AU! Loa SIG Ha Leas en Lgl Kapa ll fypdlae palsy! 1 inthe Blanks with 51 SLs or a ad Le Bape galn Gy piggaad Se Gylll If le —¥ 1 we Yel ogy daa Jan! 514,64 EY Seen ees auc! fpdasl! tl ely le an -t deal plaka Spe nual lady Lyte ca ot Noses AY pss LagS5 Ball | Ny pn | ca Me 985 Hake a tal ls la sla Gabe 385 asl Gayl 5 Gl cats aa Hag SOLS BAI So lp ge Cese LAUT plas a AAU eld asa le es I Ws gag al gk ely Lye pa pe BoB de tbl as gb ea ReagAll LU A ne 39 EAL ole canal y oiputs HF EAI § pals ada ely [bsp cy bel al te arc Ul Sealy Sb IE pe yall nd en Jag Reetaey RpAlll Lal jal Uke i digas 5h nest Resta) GUI pals Gk yeh ~ MWA ogg nal A GL lle spate OT (nner ceke In the Geld of teaching foreign languages, we find tht concern was focused on the writen language upto the Beginning ofthe present ‘entry. For tat reason, tbe language skill which schools focused fon when teaching sudens 4 foreign language was the Yeading sk Accordingly, the teaching method depended on teaching the rales ofthe foreign language and then tesning the stodents in reading texts writen in that Inguage and translating them into the native Jnguage. oowever,iLwas aot lng before this phenomenon changed and the listening and speaking skills became more important than the reading skil, and will ot he ong before we discover many ‘theories and studies which will prove remarkable development fa te field of linguistic studies, particularly in the methods of teaching foreign languages. atae al a yall © itwas otongbefore perfec (3) Lal pl) 3h Salle ‘tid not tke hin) tong before poets (cha eal ol) in Saale it does not take him long before , (Caterrare)——subjunetive (51) oF ae. + Saab itll not be log before : (Cater rare) subjunctive (5) or eam ot Say cl ® (Ge) ha scarcely (haraly) when perfect + ye (ime subject "(n+ le) day pl itvas nt log before _ perfect + ia *v.n+ le) + (ime subj) yas pb itwil not be long before subjunet. + (ime subj F (vn he) pa od it not be fong before subj + pa 6 aT ime sb) pan ob + option vrs ULL Ga yess ous Le, ae ee Ny ey ee Translate the following sentences into Arabi 1 No sooner had the president begun hie press conference than {he foreign correspondents began questioning him abou the “Middle East problem, As son a5 they assed in Cito, they started leaning te ‘Arabic language ‘The director had hardly left is fice when he was called 0 ‘elum in onder to sign some important papers, As soon 3s we knew eachother we became clos rend No sooner had graduate from the American Univesity than I found a goed job ia foreign company 16, The new employees (plural fem) had hardy artved at the fice when their director asked to meet ther. As 00a sh atves in Cairo she goes to visit hr frends [No sooner ha! the students finished ther exam than they hurd to the cafeteria, 9. No sooner had the students entered the classroom than the professor stared his leture 10. As soon asthe teacher distebute the question papers the students began to answer, 11, No sooner had she recovered from her illes than het ‘roher fl il withthe same diese. 12. No sooner had the singer finished is song than the audience pplauded enthusiastically wael lf Sapa! ~ Bale pha 7 MALI Sy ~ Ahead Jrastl oF soon PLR = all cong Le f pebll pall Ge gt) cpemlly jgell algal Jgl 1 egal SUb sland! ~ dual! SLAM! Juda “¥ ipsa) (Sea = sigalg A Kenya Jyh cp oo Ligne Rpneall Ula) oye = hse ue gail “1 Bledel ga poh byes — UG ssl ll abel! 19 Repsol Uh Jay -# lua pis — guleabV! ¢GLSYI Lal ts -1V goal 3. Complete the following sentences: ety oval lL - = a Ube gl pitas of Lt peng lll len, alaed oh Tap te _-t SS ll apleny oll a 8 pov Gal ha 1 Gas Lv Sol y Gabeatlly eh ae Ayal Gla ae “A “4 vw hye clea vt et ee gi lar eee Ee ye gang go ole ply Leal IY a Se a, ates oe pile Jee as Legs 1855 Ul Hf oa pial olla, ae feces eee ae cl) ee et] Sul gis cote ll a5) —_ 2. Form sentences from each of the following pais of phrases, making any necessary changes. Example: gh Ube gh Ugly Bb Oe “LT! Lasky Lay ye Ceol Bold con yo IL Ayyh Ue CLL Lae ilps — LL aay Gees pals) wn(lh pall pall te 35 LY) eta LOL se nee a all pL a gh = Lia eel ll (ell plat ety So) ei ata Cth alee eal lal gal gh LF 1359 ptilbsl any in Rena ll fy Hal a als La yale &) paslda ak hy im al! Say al SV egal! GES! Lae pees OU! Gay aia aed Ge gall Uday GF Lo peeS alll! gabe Gaia eabll eyo! Yay BL LT eR Cael le sop Sal Ua ly Lt old 1. Fil inthe blanks wit appropriate worst) aha ye AU ph Nagy pet 4 ee ee telco wre ata et als i Ny ca Ua Les Uk phen! Sib aa ob OLS 3 al Base peal te Led all Sade Golk paLNT A Yl Ra! le cl Aagll Sgae cobeayy Leotayl Glas! fd bt Lay Spe BS pole! oh URS ge Lita yal Jlady staal Geely tl Ss Ja coe pen ob pay lp lal ay Let IY, Aha gill apa a8 Well alll iglne sel olah Lass gee ae eee) ba ‘The Prophet Muhammad died after establishing the foundations of| Islam inside the Arabian Peninsula. His intention was to spread Islam outside of i ls. Therefore, na sooner had the prophet ded than bis companions and followers worked fr the implementation of his poliey by equipping and sending armies co spread Islam futside the Arabian Pesinsla in what are known as te Islamic conquests. ‘No sounet had the Islamie conguess begun and extended 1 the ‘houndates of India, Asia Minor, and Nowth Africa than many of the people of those counties embraced Islam. ‘As suon 4s Islam enters country and spreads init, the mosque becomes the symbol which indates it wregates Ge Gu yall ») tindcate past actions: no sooner. than, "perfect? ia. indcaive'F iSLe taaly when 48 soon as perfect in indicative Spl 5 soon as perfect jin perfect? 3f Le ») toindiae resent or fue actions subjunctive i. indeative Fas ¥ subjunctive a. subjunctive 3) Ls subjunctive ya josive bf + #6 / sm beloved inmedialy yc ts set ov byte indicative verb Longs en flow the indentive wr 41s not ikely that the council wil approve this project. 5. It is well established that the sun she gretest source of hea 6 Ithas been decided thatthe goverment wil construct en new schools 7. Tha not clear hat he wil pass all is exams. 8. is preferable to study collogual and iterary Arabica the 9 iehas been aged thatthe commie will moet next week 10. Its worth mentioning that most of Naguib Mahfouz's works have been translated into te English language 11 Its easy to lea the Talian language, but itis fiat wo lear the Japenese language 12, Ie was understood tat i he refuses to answer the questions ofthe commitee members he wil not be promoted 7. Write paragraph using some of the function! pases you have learnt in this lesson.5, Form sentences from the following phrases andior sentences, making any necessary changes as shown inthe example: le Job Sell U glee lade! Jad Goel Jalal alll ge pe Ge Slat gL Sol Te Se peel Sant seo Jad Huagll UES agp ASS any pall “t aka5il gb SAL cgay lal ase 6 Kendle pabe aS ugh Ragheb pd Yall -V Aaya pb LSI sland A lees Hl ees el Lal alpen Clee A 5! oy Jal! Gp ese gle any el =1 pid Lhe gens pall BS IY 6, Translate the following sentences into Arabic: 1. fea wellknown that Asi isthe lngest continent. 2 kis necessary that he completes his studies tthe end ofthis year in order to teturn to his country. 5, Thvas expected that the president would hold a press conference tomortow, but he postponed it wry 43. Fill nthe blanks with the appropriate pronominal suffixes: goes a Lil ghia lhe LSS ype oe pelo ote Sal pt —— i call oe GS -¥ SURI pb Ceca Sones OI cll a = Stell e+ pilenses Si call ow 8 any SLk Sane patil G2 01S 1 SSL sl a 1) ade cabbie Gsannee 44 Complete the following sentencestht pb cack eal! gi it pean Lease otigabigill gf} J} Ga =) ka! Al ga-Wv Sle Al peel ga EG Lal MG 2. Use the appropsate form of Shor ‘ AIST abel Ley p59 Gass —— gall = alll pa all pla! B pele ale Lee) ge ale GALL Ge = — ull dal] a Ghee ald Glue SUL satel andl cosy I Gaky gly GUT Aaaally glin gall Spall Get Lt gp pez ganoll SL pb Go ol Fe yond lsligaly hal peslilye oe Lote —— all GeV yal yates tage of Ghat] SS play lal mab ental ge-A spteall cpa gest A an y$ BM ell o's USA gl a sa —— sana 4M acai cen hl Usual) pel con we Leal Wee egal GT conaall coe Gaal ¥ RLU Aysane Bl gall Goa geal =A 2. When he patcipe is derived fom veth followed by 2 preposition, sus! his preposition i kp with he Partiiple and has attached foi the “dummy pronoun” (Gl js), which is says the hid person singular pronoun suffix «Example tote Nin gi Las Iylaae l ale GAL Spe obs 1. Use ae appropiate frm of ste sete or parle fer “ge ntl Joe 29 aM ol glee! gd gas ol eal EEGs ou 28) pas gi Fey ele er) oe babel S5lal il gh A 9 oS asst ale pps SAUL ue gh Soa HIS 55 Sell 225 oh hoe ol -¥ soll le ny a gee LH IS ght eh Reel Bagel gots Geepa ll Ista YS gf Glan ta A wens JS a5 of a oy wais expected that Tes mos likely that eis probable that mss en e Tehas been decided that Ithas been agreed that iscustomary to (expresses English “ought to”) Wis preferable that Notes: 1. The preceding ve (or any ofits derivatives) determines to ‘gst extent the use of ol hece it isthe participle or 1 nthe above expressions that determines the “hal Reypall AU cps lall LS SL sos ga) Rade UW gals gees St yng oly! GEES 5 poll a US Geiss Gaal Jom 2955 RAGE Laila y Geel ll a oT acl Ail Gaye Se OLY! edly SI aalall Ga of ell oo Cath sy yall Gh dye PUGS Fad Ullal gl 8S of 5 Bll oe gle 1 gaia ww pple ad He au Sh Hf at OIL ge Tp S BF SI soa a py US Glas Silly Fay USAC os le lS BI yd LAKE Sey a bi a SAN SAAMI ae Das Bf SED see EH aya oe eel Ll Jay Snag yal a ign 11s wel established tat polation ofthe eavironment i «problem Which is not easy io solve. Is worth mentioning that many developed countries are trying to overcome this problem by ‘various means, and itis expected that these counties wil mote postive results inthe near utr. Note that I j-+ eam be followed by either adjectives or ‘atciles (active or passive): iseasy to Beas Iisa to nis worth mentioning that ‘One ofthe things which is wor meatoning IRL es Sa Eo) tis necessary to 7 1c well established nat 1s (elt) known that Iiscler tha Tis understood that Iris expected that capee pall Gu all ‘one ofthe itis that itis 10 orth) itisnot to (orthat) to orth) le eee Sf se Ghee ols (oH) Gh Sh oe ad wre 6. Translate the following sentences ato Arabi: 4. The minister of industry announced that light industry will flourish in Egypt in the ner future ‘The two governments agreed that beginning next year there willbe dplomati representation between the tuo counties, "He hopes to succeed in the mitch and win fs prize, ‘The minister of foreign afar sid yesterday that he would hold press conference next week The foreign expert is afaid tha the covty's economic problems might not be resolved inthe ase future. 6, She fold me that she had written long ance ering his new novel, They decided 1 oppose (eet) the new project because ii either realistic noe prctc, ‘They (dul mase) decided that they wil direct many ‘questions to the chairman ofthe commits at its next tecting. 9. He is afraid that he wil ot be able to mot the president 10. [10 him 901 to leave his books inthe garden in ort not to lose them. 11, We ae sure that we wil al pos this examination. 12, The director said that twas imposible to approve that project. 7. Form three seatences containing. three containing “3 8. Write puragraph on any topic you choose, using as often as you can bf hand! where appropriate wesph eps lp Nae Aas oad le conlalls oes pt ——— Hae VY 5. Rewit the following sentences, replacing the verbal noun by an ‘Short clase, Examples: Leyte pleat one dessa eclens = cola coe Kage Lae oll a whe Gy Laer coll! a whe Gl Uae phy iaeeyll i! plied aS =) IS tage a Giza Ua pe ge Rest! Ey pan pall HAL ad BT esl SLURS! LB Ge lt pula ym Uae pith cl 2 eal pb IT Bl le ppgamany Gy yadt A al Ugilaa pat Lag lay sy yal pe Hale -¥ Baal alingnpbee Jad nell 55 gall gill A alah esd Myke Iya A eels cabal gb gull oe Lys 1 chat tal pas Ste wr pStbs oe Lapel Yi cans oA ll GES ALI JEG YI ga GLY A ANI Uglall sas OSI Gos agile le deal gh any abel 3-19 Raalllodgy Ga YT Go ty con 98h SK a 14 4. Complete the following wsing 3 or a8 appropriate, making any necesary changes. Examples eet SLY yale a seth Ble 3 SI gf Line salt Ka Lae Globe ph 1h lull Ha Lae lhe geil I label ph cones Ul whet ASR Soa — inv bil Gye el Rake le ues Ly gh SS gee Slabs lie ta» eth A Gall! jes sell OA UlenySh oe Wallyd cas gill ga pal y LAU Las de tnalall gah) gad A aaoh Ipetcil oid = a 43. Change the ‘clause ino a verbal noun, making the necessary changes, Examples seitgll ll pail gl seal oilll ll pla ash Le yaa vig oS shen 395 Th ane Le yall ogy olga Bulb pee Ayal Comes gags of yd GSS psa a gana 3) ooh Aj RIT sala gh alll Soe Ladiell lyn jal! ae SI oso -t fa Byala oan ale SF SA pa geal = gill Lasts apse te Lymm % SUS a ee ol eB wy soles 1. Filia the Banks with 3,5, sf when appropri: pele eh ane Ball oe Let haa Udy a ay Late GIS gu pall lt Ua Hague! “ alll p gel ph pals (Beall ga sca 08 Fptall od allt Ja 0? Gall St Goa Spall SL, jos oa Ged ULL! ts i say neal ea lI ald =A B jyhdll UE gh Util atl 4 BL 5tl Sad ote Lat oS Gentil go Sabet os ge oly ld a = esse od 290 Sty pes 10 2. Complete the following sentences: nwUi asst Bf {swear (ake an oath) 1 wesship God 1 owear hat he is erzy ‘Thus some verbs may be followed by either 3 or bat the meaning ofthe verbs differs 6 Ia esha sentence is 19 be used ater 3, ne of two devices may be used 1) Inver the word order of the subject and vers oA a calbl gss OUR pnt lll! lee ) Attach to Si the “dummy pronoun” (ght pane), ‘which i lays the thi person singular prosoun sti Byalall ne ey sills Obl ls od caple athld A oe apd Spall sa Nad thay gf GSA Soe ual Had GR Gh GSA oa Ga Gh cnake 7. The Sf clause can ans be tanstormed ino a veal non votiall Ili SI sakasall sayy reel Ulis yedeeall eo ‘while the ‘clase may sometimes be transformed into verbal non but ot says seed shaall cya ale iy Gna etl al oe Gag nee wa ates tp Bae tase ot Gs Gl so) "hope that you ate well Bt if is followed by perfec, then it sates ft: BSNL adh Bye pede Gab Ld of sey pile (ott galt He trwveled after Thad met him. He came again, butt wasnt ong Before he Tet the place 2.1) generally follows verbs of desire, lve, hate, fat, hope, “apablity, command, necessity, or obligation expressions ich dont eit a sateen ft: 5-1 (orp generally states fact which took place or is aking Place oF x expected 10 take pace lake ope GLH She, $3 foal piles Gat OF Live la jal USI Liye ‘3 gency fotlows webs of knowing, Stating, believing, Thinking telling, and cosierng = iI SAE GB =85 2 pe 5 BAS he i ey 5. Note the diference inthe following Sentences: 4 tab play 3h te decided tel oma ssa gage al Sk He stated that his ster is happy in Beit wall you that we must.nt fel desperate hesause we have fled ‘once; but we must consider fore inthe exam as push 80 our back which propels us forward instead of making us fll on the {round never to getup. bal Realgall on (gH Gh ay La ll gael Sf I=) glasall pL BI Gla Lie gS glasal 1S = “nee lal ll ase Glan y -0 Lael ay 8 (F gf) GL scaly Lab i cons UE SUL jaan gu “¥ label ASL BI Jad lage es SE lll coe =A Naz laa aes GS pe oT inte A Lute Liat ay Notes: 1. The jf clans usually refers to a possible even which ane ese o accomplish but may or may-at take pce. 11s mostly equivalent othe infinitive i English, an ike inhas no reference to time. Iti the verb which precedes 3 ‘hat ells ws abou the tense ofthe whole sentence sat pean ad ke ore rom the works of Taha Hass BAUS iled SF eal She was staid to travel by plane. w Seed ABD Saal nl Latent 3h lis bans bla yf Gass Cates lulysll ST Ge Laan BI shal Lal oe uly Lh Sal Sal Uy aL! Sal gd ll al oat a papa erpneriren com sf Lada lf ah BI gh gee oe Gt 2 po Gale ul Lad ASN aay aly ts AS iat gf a ba peel Bole phd gS {LH oS pul De Boe GLs Y So (F GI) cone l(t oat Boe Ape SLA Gh peel SS Gf Gale poy GM te Hat Lalas of i pL! gl} Wa, lal EA Le Sigg BASH apne eythane phn JEU Je ba Seay A atl ah toe ‘We mus realize that examinations are nt for pupils omy, fr afer biaining the highest academic degree, we discover thas examinations in life are more lifficalt and severe than the school ‘can imagine the distress which the fling pupil slfers. When 1 failed {saw the same sulky faces and I was forbidden for weeks ftom going out of the house oF from going 10 the cinema ot thea 1, too, in moment of weskness, thought of commiting suicide, but this weakness disappeared after a minute. Some people ‘presumed tha Iba thought of suicide Because] fled in drawing wsLU tot ver subjunctive ‘3h (equivalent to the infinitive in English; Jess common with tht and subjunctive in English) otto + verb subjunctive’ (9 + 3) ‘with certain iomati vets perfct= f (oerfeeF gh eadle sof ane ol Le) that oun clause $f (may be followed by any word except a verb) 1 that after the verb Jus or any oun cause ‘ol ts derivatives 2. “indeed” atthe beginning of a sentence to give emphasis, ‘but usually not translated into English. NB. If Sfor fare followed by a noun, this noun isin the aceustive case and serves a the subject of the noun clase The cassie! usage is fa, while in MSA the tendene is ftowse 31k we Riyal gh Ulan oh Sage na gt UL “A tala gl pal LA Fag Ml gi Jats gf aligns SI UA, fay Ll ¢h Salaiy A Lays aks a VV eg fl lay gd aay Lal Jas a 04 SIs gael ‘Translate the following sentences into Arabi: 1. He was appointed translator inthe United Nations Organization because of his knowledge of many languages. 2. They bul school which cared is name inthe village ‘where he was bor, ‘The president was invited tothe conference inorder to cha ite session, As rest of his dishonesty, he wus fired fom his job. ‘ito his long stay in Cairo, he knows al its hora sites, Her mother di not want er to go to tht pin, so she did ‘oto inorder not to make ber mother angry ‘She mised the plane and did nt sive in time to attend the conference. Hence she didnot dliver ber paper 8 In view of the fact thatthe manage ofthe company was bis friend, he approved his project. 9, She was very unhappy het, so she decided 10 go where no fone knew her 10, She asked to meet the bank manage in order to ingire hoot certain points inthe bank's procedures. 11, The university accepted his application immediatly since he {sn outstanding professor of linguistics 12, Sami worked very hand, Consequently be was promoted to rector of his depariment wewale d= Syl dons a) AS pall ~ a5 ~ Guan ~ 5 Ia ~ gli! ~ Jed 1 . = apoatlly = lS = pga — ee ctl = ‘sail! 4. Use each ofthe following connectors ina complete sentence to sow its meaning: wee Hels -¥ eo Wash see VV 5. Answer the following questions. Be sure that each answer inctdes a least wo af he comnetors staid SIU laa jo od gens BEES RAHN SU ph all Lag Saal ye tls a ga ot Sag Gla oa tame Oe UT $098 Os Mega gle Cig oily BU -t SHGULy #3CLAiF aa Su pl Ud taal eb Ua SU pst UL lf gla Ca els BL pi abe pl ph a tn ya 8 BML oa helps ak le te ay gle 5 Ysa wr Nath pene coat cage, ns ON a th he pall i Luft aan dy 9y85 JS yak ahd I Easy 8] Be Las us st ae tals lM Balas cals3tA i ay ett 8 al abd Ls Nagy Lays Can cals 1) Sele yy pl! Jas -10 3. Rearing the following wordt fom complete sentences: sang = ie = Gye — d= Gu = Lily = al ee ee A= Od Jyh = geld = = i oF Rath ane LAS — Ghalib Ghia — Glee Sal = ge IAS Spall = b= at pee5a = IS = gpl = op = tell = gS thle sual = el Ay u 3 LEE hae = Sa Eh plea! HANS Bh apae = papa as Gk seaplaneSates Gael Gu gall pee Calgll gan phe ula a Gey gall le ale 1. Fill nthe blanks with the appropriate connectors: ph peek hat lt atid gd = eh eel can I td oF ell Jott oy 3 (ieee cole dt eit! Sool 3 Byles obs! yl Ja =f yo! opt dS Ge ad al tus Jes cals 0 sagi US Gist sks — ole gl oa GIS 1 eats Ue panes ally eke a cel abste ash ¥-A Rapa LI Lynas pie al ate A 9 Cty nn Sand oh eh geal al Ud fae SE gol! ety as tae Ld el V0 hae 2. Complete te folowing sentences yal gl Ls pes piled old gy wy 4. Tragsat the following sentences into Arabic: 1. Miriam was very il, so we ll weno vst er 2, George is very popular student, Consequently, be woo the clectons. 3. We mus al give donations to the government, In his way we ‘could il & schoo! in oa village 4. As a result of his efficiency, he was promoted to 2 higher position. He did not study bard forthe final exam, For this reason he id not pass. 6. They did not obtain high grades in their schoo hence they cannot join the Faculty of Medicine. 7. Anne is hardworking stodent,s0 she was granted scholarship this year, ‘8. The dean will tz atthe end ofthis year. Therefore we will hold big farewell party for him. 9. The county is in a state of war. Consequently, ll schools and niversitis are closed 10. As result oftheir courage, the soldiers were granted medi. 11. Egypt suffers from overpopulation. Thus many conferences ‘ae held to disuss this problem, 12. The president was very busy, 0 Be didnot hold the pss ‘conference 5. Write a paragraph on any topic you choose, using os many of| this leseon’s connectors as you can. wy3, Form sentenoes from the following phrases, using any ofthe joining words or phrase in this lesson and making the necessary ‘changes, Example LAL gph JA 5518 pu Oa pi Lak ey SI Soest alt — Lael pean pe 4 Seal ell pas 1 ole Ud dail ~ gull aa = Lange = EI AI hy Jacl Solel “t all eb phd! — Junta yall 2 GabII ~ dag lS 5S Ge thay ~ SLI pad -¥ lta! pas — spell gle Ubalall pus A Rel te pat peal Gly 4 Golally clea! ~ abysa yy 5,S1ALI 1. ee ole an ISAS =) Bi le sphall pas Sak LLY! 1a eedloall ale Gad al Ga Gl atl A Ss ei a at bg Ga gl A has Seok gd pole clas os ia lyst esa! G95 Ga si Gye 1) Ay phel sta hall pak Ake ppl Le cls V7 2 Fill nthe blanks appropriately IyeAS pp cle Bd GS coy A Nigdy SLA aly Lye gs =sikeyy Oh ok Ney yt IS pay Cole a Jd ad -\ wale oo sales leg Lead J gall pb LU GELS pall ony Lag) eee snl! ental ag ah Le og ppemall Ge CSL SS Chany gd pads Gt gla -F Wiss Unghlly Ue gubll jabs! 15 aah Ses) sel nas lake! lll ga“ (oslent oly 1. Complete the sentences uring one of the connectors of this lesson, then translate nto English corey USI Leg yh esky Gal oS (lt abl gaa andl Ge atid of Liyy am O16 aT Saat yl eile ah ld ape SH pa OIE =f oS de gl] Lesa! aly ee pls ab a eH all Soba A ye past Gla ual! Spake il ote ee BSL eal oI 1 Jean! gtere YStS Se pAUBl of gine oral pk pal ww ere SI Hl ga Ly Usa ya le gon SG GIy NH at ally Gopi al, DE ply peel GUS po Deeley Geol! SL fla sete Coa i J Saas Ee ala poet Eg ly pal lh Oe Byes Sey Catt lal LG ot UI WI gts COEall aah oh Ul y Ht tan’ Lyd gS Sete Soll pb Kye) 5 Lal bg J8~ yy geal Jum ee aM AL Phe gall nal ll ase aap (oan) During the third century A.H, the Turks came into the Islamic world as well as the Arabs and Persians. They hid great influence in the politeal and socal ife ofthat age. The Turks had no ancient clare or civilization, rather, they resembled the Bedouin, and it was for this season that a-Jahiz called them the Non-A¥ Bedouins. The Turks loved military service and horsemanship: hence they brought thie soldiers in great numbers to stengthen their ule ‘The Turks encouraged the Sunn rite; consequently they didnot like philosophy or controversy in religiogs mars. wwcae pill Gaal thus, therefore, fortis reason, (lS ln) IS e's asaresat consequently (ol so, in this way Si sh 93425) (WL) es rence Boy bbe as aesult of, Sess genvn't ‘Aer any of these connectors, the use of —2s optional 10, She took he chile to Las Angeles to visit Disneyland 11, We have to return the library books on ime so that oess ‘an borrow ther, 12 They il ot take ther children tothe party inorder not to ‘itu the other guess. 6, Form five sentences wsing SI, 34S, 0F vtally ks e28l eh nslate the following sentences into Arabi: 1, Sami went to the United States to study medicine. 2. They went to England in July inorder to meet their son there 5, We stated the conference immediatly inorder att lose 4. The athletes train every day 50 that they can prtcpate inthe Olympic Games. 5, We walked quietly inthe bray in onder not to dist the eaders thet, 6. sent her letter So that she would meet mein the arr. 7H 8. He went early to the railway station in oder not 0 mis he should work very hard inorder to be promoted in his jo. 9. The chairman of the commitee called for & meeting 0 discuss the new projet See ee ee ile Leola Se ll eau VV 2 epiew need tne Bape Slagle EU atl ~ Sal gale (Ua obs Steal gales etal pad = cobs oe SA ag fed Rigel Lat = Ugly te 3g ¥ ect le clade oe pagal ull de ga 1 Repay Joagll = Spill, jal -t Gb akby Joes UES ~ Lon pl Baal 2 peg ARSSH Sle] Hp ay pl ie pb de — jae Ub i 97 Lage! ALU! pe ap yall — pane ed LT A AV = ag a C ¢ PRAM Jag = glee ead el psdll Glass! = cnte,JI 5S 0 pal gh — jal plat oscar J 5. Foum five sentenes, each contining one ofthe above patices. 4. Compete the following reneoces using USI, 94S, oF a etl te ge eel vebal Saesal ead pene ll pen} (SS ot al oe We / oS) Repeal) WR LS pane ll pate Ragged! Le jal pane ll pata ot (eae pall Lal yo Jai con) Retaall AAU pa SSI pane ll pda 1 Complete owing sentences wing VSS an ae Bit cis orce ill yt feo akg es geal gata 8 Tales gst pad uty a tt a Ha ok Salas oyu al on ala oe lye yl} olay ote 1 et saa tin soll dae ¥ AM Radel Gh yt paul tk it Lata ofl EE otajoll Go LAL thst 33 peel Jul ELAR oY ayy La gS Ge AYR esl! Ganiny yall asl oe at ame eh baal gle Laie 5 i ee ae lS tl a este ena say oe Lo aS eal a aS ad Py pg ame oe pellyal tad Wee pal Aa gl gh Sa ia lee ‘The president held meting with the ministers 4 explain to them te governments policy. Afler the meeting, he met the minster of| cconomy inorder to discuss with him he plan put forward by the minister for the government to encourage foreign commercial companies to opeate in Egypt. After that, he met with the delegates of these companies inorder 0 answer their questions. He offered ‘hem many foils stat they would not hesitate to invest their money in Egyptpee SIU Gu yall inordert,sothat Sigal ba / A/S / (Cltowed by subuncie; can be used interchangeab) indicative> CLS ve verbal nou Sot Se / _ Stu 88s (88) 16 subjunctive’? “apiall 95 = Gilad! GLI 1 hall ge glie¥! = Gayl 10 2, Translate ving, Sasa, an, oF am when appropriate: 1. went fo the university, where I met my frend, 2 He left Egypt fr England, where he studied English enue 13. She moved to where she could find a better job. OG ipl site VN 4. They were 50 poor that they could not continue their studies. an (wean) pond gle ad Ud d= $e pid hh eee eet pen he ? tg ally 6, The students tespect hrm because he is un excellent teacher 7. My frend left Cato since he does not like to vein big sentences fom the fllowing phrases sing Saya, Soom, ‘Sosa 8s eppropinte and making any necessary changes. Me Enample {8 He studied a the Sorbonne, where he received his Ph.D. in test Sek anal = Ee pons Solel! Gold ie Eo es 9. Fama di ot go othe pry base Aad di ot invite : ner (ie ico) etal! ga Jc — ah -\ 10. Te grdes woe so bd th he feacher dt stamine ec ea, be studens (oe ae) ! 11. We will go to Italy, where we w'll spend our summer holiday. PA ISELs ates peal — Cnty eLalal! pl ae! (esa) Abell gall Fel all oy Yt 12 came o Fay sine be sintered in Exyian ne rete ‘historical monuments. Lay Staal Je _ Lai SLR eh yell = Gea! Jae] Jen gll Ggall — ly lal gb Sill TOW Legal IG — gene 2 IIA Leal yall Spud gh poll = Ube IS opel ball ti} ~ gl Ga 4. Fou sx sentences using cosa cam, of 5h w ape Bal paally GALS Se Ly jail AS sell goth 586 Cl Sa liga epee HE al =v 55 cits canny Lae bpp comand Lally SUby aay 1 ott gal es tage SG ot tan Ligaen syngas lf Wile? “iy gm lay gb gs le A owes 1b casas caustive pats, where the clase following iis ihe ease forthe cause preceding it 2. With ‘ms the clase after itis the result of what preceded it oh 1. lin the Blanks using Se or Saga then translate the whole Gast Ba td ee dV hap! a3 aly bea at -v ail ie ode eS Gd i tat le A All te ead ST tbs yall gle aya AIS cfs (yu aay pg ad 8 ah ny Hab Ba I Su gan splmsep lade Ge yal bad emt — ILA SGA Ha Sen ld oan ad Ce Las SL Se oe Os wa pl aly Geka canny pan! alll cabin KLAN ULeally ast A a eo il gh Skea 8 NH Coes A Still) Sal gi fagae GU GL cal a bl CUSIIy sally Sill UL Stan fe te pa Uy poSMH opt 9 al bag hall US ESky LST oe gle sling “Uli” aly geal AP Gly Gio jhta 5 de ty Late San gl Git cals ey 06 = SAME SyaK 8 eS Open Dale nee (ech near Who amongst ws does not know Gibran Khalil Gibran that immortal artist and creative writer? He grew up in Lebanon among ‘magnificent vallss, huge mountains, and fascinating waterfalls and ‘nh midst of vivid mature He received his primary education in Lebanoa, then let with his family for America, where Be horizons of study and though were ‘pened up to him and where he began ie fll of sweat, tol and strugle His youngest sister died then his mother sed hs eldest bother, and he an his sister Marianna were lft struggling for survival Because he wat young and jobless his sister Marianna had to work ay and night, so tat she became the only breadwinner. “pee SLI! Gu all ‘where (is/are found), indicative/perfect"™ (5 among. in the midst of, since nom. nou" because, a, since, yor veto the fact that 0 that, 502, 0. that, insucha manner that, inasmuch as, v ei ee eG eee eee 47. Translate ilo Arabic: In view of his comtiauous bad health, the ministry grated him sick leave fora month, 2. They appointed him editor-in-chief of AL-Abram newspaper because of his long experience in journalism, 3. Many people resort to family phoning becuse of inflation and the completes of diy lie In wow of the fat that he is unqualified for the job, they di ‘ot appoint him, He was promoted to higher postion thanks tis honesty and eficieny. 6 ‘She was appointed translator in the conference thanks to hee mastery of the English language. 7. She sin a the school party because she bas a besutful [8 The plane will ot take off (lis) now because of the bad weather. 9. These two students abvays quar since they belong differen polite panies, 10. Because ofthe state of wat all scools and universitis are ‘closed, 11. The meting was canceled dv othe chalman’s absence. 12-1 know Cairo very well since Ihave ived init for 3 fon. A. Wit ive sentences inlaing3¥, 31 age 1 ee ‘BY Ls, 3h ao St lp wv5, Ure SY withthe appropiate pronoun sus: site Udall A} ast od 1 JAS lee LAI pal het Fi ahgee Uhiad Ya) le tke a peel sal Wagky pane gles od 1 iy Li-W “oa pes lef Sa 6 il inthe blanks inthe following semences: \ UY (yas Gy cose 1 phe ad GY PY pall mee dV Ua Spl ok ph aad ont A ene nN because ( brcas, since secmenece OETA because, since “IMENT Gy because, since, ae ce in vow ofthe fact that 2 G5} Coy comes at the beginning ofthe sentence only) *-MSA tends fo use ‘jh cage / 3 3 while in Classes Arabic the costes usage is 31 / ui ke GY GM aly gabe) (ote Gh cee 01 lie easy) (Joie GI 9 babe geben) oes Wa DY fad pile gl “7 yas Ul a Gh tae eal aa At oT ab piled 8 ag Uae itl Lf .ool oe pad ial OG) dL iA toll fat Spb yo Gila cats 1, BLL yea al gd yaglaae 19 ole Jad ey aieat a 23. Connect th following using aay (d..) ST hs, oF J, ‘making the necessary changes Rall pete ys = pala = eal Baal ~ Wakil! le Jpenall ell glee = Lan dal 1 Rell eel! Ses ~ yal bla ey -t Hea phak U3, yall 0 eal — Gall Rsyielll UU ~ Bol Greed plated! ge shined! A ek SU = pl asl jas 4 Boddy ~ Clk put 1, Sell 5 yolk pas ~ save Jl 19 Reoally Wale Gia Lea lL Jluaaa A 4 Flin he blanks with appropriate words aly Leg ay ad = algal oa uae Bali ob ppl Fi Naam lite age ahs inne a 0 a NS a oe ges Ses pall GLY gall ey bal yh ly aad alt 5 aeally 881 oct aA tly Lael gi a9 455 oS A Ang il EN 9 SS sgl ib Slt ed plane AS ll ai a Ll agus peel aly Gg a sy 8A i yey 2. Rewrite these sentences With ann Jay GY 1 oF Jie making the necessiry changes. Exumple So ll ga pa Bp ll phe aes ol Coe AES pal a lata pli Ts Ul Soe oni yell ol} ye he Lage SAMI 5S \ sd antl la le 35 amas “1 OF SLES th eG pats or pene gh Lael sill geal YI Lali 5 lll sal of A OLS con oll JSS! pen Casall al tl ote coal LS At ile! SUE etait ah A leak gyal olga he] aby Lats eS -¥ 15S cents Uhl bl spat ethas “Aabel ay cane pane ph el ll pl WI Laine slash 1 pall sl SPUN bees Solis f ak Slat sll obi pha sae teal all ae Lay pane gh Lael pe YI Laine a3! 1 gill sal laa Sal ah ape gestalt ohne GY igh ¢ Lae Yl gest ll dal -# (ape ans) da gh I ¢ Lg ell a (peat eS Leaks ol pasa days tell Jb at -¥ Gaull Bashy sees Ulatl natal =A ded, SL oes 1 lin the spaces wing fist aan then Ss SK ll SMe pe Gola SES, ST Sue gael = Sala olen £5938 ——— (1B tale cial oo eS al“ pel aa tonne peal el} ge SLA el a -¥ Rasall UUga ope a lt ad -t UE all Se ab gia ga alt ats wh Jl HB pe Wi pene pe. loa he nell the BB Bae hs al YT Sala lela Jaa a PUES U basse Stele se et US ee wl eos a I aah b Oh gh all pd ny a GIS LAZY) legen ball agar nly GES gt AS alas) SU ISS “asa pei SU canny Cas ll lh iy Day Slt Os ge ULE ul Elda, Lat cpa pall Goo Hall oe Aa ee Ok EA pea ol = a anal SU GS one) Andatisian iterate was often neglected by Arab scholars on the ‘rounds that i was either a reflection or an imitation ofthe Eastern Tterature. This does not mean that it has heen ignored. Indeed there are several studies of but they are generally either Brie or incomplete of more like essays. Ths was because of the whol dite to write the history of all Andalusian literature in one volume, Inthe course of time some specialized studies appeared, ind Andalusian literature was recognized as having iis own Deculige characteristics wich distinguish it from the Eastern Tierature, thanks 10 the efforts of group of Egyptian scholars. aoitee cgalall Gu all because of, am account af, by reason of 1 genitive vn. / genitive nous’? ‘demonstrative / pronoun suix in view of, due to fb / 4 vin Fis (eikey and 1,28 can be wed interchangeably However Jt san stat a sentence and in hs case ior i ny be use interes case) because onthe grounds hat a. oy La thanks 0 tai, / genitive v.n./ genitive noun" ‘demonstrative / pronoun suffix (sed to justify favorable clauses only)4. Transate the following seatences int Arabic: 1. The president held a press conference after he retuned from his official visit o ean. He entereé Cairo University but didnot grate from it ‘She obttined aot only her B.A. from this university But ber MA. swell Although he isthe chuzman of the commites, he did not sted the fast meting. | asved atthe sipport two hous before the plane ook of. ‘These hooks are not fr adults but are ony for shen, In site of her protests, the couse approved the projet. He will retun before noon and eave after anh before his brother's ara s 6 7 He is ot only the dietor ofthis company but as its ownee. 8 8 10, He didnot agree to stand fr election; nse, heaped 0 ‘support the party candidate 11. They wil not only live in Aswan, but they will buy & house ‘there aswel 12. In spite ofthe fact that they ae not Egyptians, hey defended Egypt's point of view in the Security Council a" 2 Rearrange the following words to frm complete sentences: Byer n= age ~ bolle = l= deed = ph tealall = SI so ode ota - Lat a ya ab ylang = Uele = day 9 saga poo ~ Nak Bb tiny = play ET BLA = ak = UB ae JY pb Uy ~ cpt = ab 2 yee IS ~ ee th ai ILL i a an g3 - ey ole - st 4 AHR peal GM = Gy = geal = ia bat oe ll — JUS] = any tha ll — Fatt le = Boll = yasale OSs 183 ~ Ged ~ pa = of ~ Lad AL = pall planed 4. Use each of the folowing connectors in » sentence to inte its meaning: aed Se plot Led de nnd OS Lay in pe = shay nSetilel Gu yall a Lr——— 1. ll inthe blanks with the appropriate connor: Baal Lele ala ll dna Riyal canbe OM Ba LES ass fo gz pln 1 ely oll! gyatt wor Lage SAL PLY! 5 gay a oh pa chee as gi ag yl pn ge cs Leaky gay GL Sell pa pala Late! gyal gtaln Lay pug aks gt gle Gaya I-A OWE im 69585 ol Othe st‘They completed the building ofthe dam in spite of the many Aifficies which they faced He opposed the governments policy although he is a senior official in the Ministry of Fotegn Affi, 6 Although the hook i very expensive, I bought it In spite ofthe fact that they are frends they opposed each ‘ter inthe commits 8. In pte of his illness, the president insisted on aftending he resting 9. In pte of his poverty, he was able to provide his children with a good education, 10, Although she is my neighbor, Ido no ike he. 1. She refsed to help Muhammad although she had known him fora long ime. 12, He attended the final examinations inspite of his father's eat, 7. Wit five ee of yur owm aig» phe 8, Write a paragraph beginning with seatI At yp lly va 4. Reverse the oud ofthe sentences in ll 3. Remember that you shold not use a 5. Foam new sentences based on the following sentences and rases using py oF St ge. Example Saal gf Gat Ghd Go sel gpl! path dd hy er Ghee hal} GUT ad Gast! 1 Wed poe — Se Jones PAE Cape — Gell Utes HAA a = ot GALI! pas — eal a ely 0 Taky ge tal — habs de penal! 1 Eel gt apoe lial gl -¥ DLE Jaa — gall Shun “A ane 9S — Cell A Seal gfe Gall = Sahl! als Tall pac = pal aga WV {See Gl pail = Ua flag Last 6, Translate the following sentences into Arabic 4. In pte of his continuous tempts he ule to complet the project. 2: In spite ofthe heavy ain they resumed ther teavel yesterday 3. Although he was nt her friend, he Relped er to great vANB ol A Wt oe eel Ga Gg ye lags Gea Cell of Ca VV 2. Use the appropriate comecions seis Glee a cee} ssl Uys Lpaghns Ser pels pee ee J Se gh oe pe la gph ty UL Ape fo polly ath a cette yesall dl ga 8 al Baya AS ce pI Wons3 JUS pe Dla le Jamny Lala hs py A ce naghe oe ped ay SU Gesu yell ys pea} oda Breet gle Jamal el yl gw “1 Jaa SAI gh Rell pe pega VV HL AG yp tye BSE 5 OM iy cease Be le yn led [Note that when we reverse the order of the previous Sentences, the connector —3 should be dopped. Example Ahh Sl py he Bley (pn 8) 2S AUS et 50th yall pall hae gd =F pL ees GL Leal ge fag pg of sual sell lial jake ahi ngs ens5ie Wh 9 a gh SUL A Gh Bangla ts coils Latta Gold Ling Lig EGS ole gall le James ol oe et Ail gle 9 gs patho pe cell al led RS ye gL oe pe yt 1 “pal pps gl yt gi ge WY dev “A 2 Complete the following sentences appropriately es thane Ul ee) et Oe pi lle oY eld] gle ol QT PH UL aed ply Hoe ele til eee ole Ligh atl Lape ge GU Cpa gage oe pot a pts fag ed Gh ga 8 ap tl Ge ge) nhal glad ah) of Sawn) Inspit of his ies, edited eaten he tng (Aap Oe pL AL = re ayy = Mee Ay) gleied ats oh G8 ki eee (Gi ee) Cl gest ‘tough he wa i, be die o atend We meting Insite ofthe fc tae was il, edie oad te meting ULV gan gle Sh abd Slasetl yon py SH ps Gah add GLA nen gy Ra gan le SS Ah Gla Eppa hail cu ily UU GLcatl Uyyeua py ob Lah lb Glad Lyyane ge ¥ etl hai lle jaca ayn gb -A Ab Getto QBs Sa Glad Lyyane aby ot GSU BT pl glace Ce 62-1 Cla cue Se i HY Lane Glatt gh get) Cle coe tie GUL Gls gt ga I ela Sh 1. Bill inthe spaces using the most suitable words: Mon Oh ce REAL hd GS ae bias ats bop yess 1 egal x gui ta Olga ane GEE CU Saat 3 SiN CET aah MSE ab Lye RU 9G coated nb EUR) Salt a te 2B IS gh nab 58 Al lll poe! ony Vist B41 tl a aks GO ne Neel yl od htt la GUT Although the Qur'an was the basic soure forall mater relating to the lives of Muslims, the jurists in general depended on other sources: The prophetic tradition (hadi), consensus (ima) and analogy (gives) ‘Insp the fact shat the jurists went back to those sources in all the problems they faced, (et) thee application ofthese sources took numerous forms, vefeel gu yall in spite of, despite cee pill / pe / 8S / pronoun'+ *a ... noun /v.n."F 1 preposition / negative patel J impertectipertect +33 vats ne / although, inspite of the fact hat (yn 25S) (62) 2 Game as above) +... BIF though (same a above)F SNe oun in acc /demonstative/ pronoun 33. DF we ee ete esa ga = ee eee 4, Translate the follwing ino Arabic: 1, She was not only intrested in traveling but a eading as wel, 2. He was aot onl a stuent but also a businessman 5. [not vst Jerusalem only but Damascus aswell, 4 ‘Trey (ease. dol) do not study Arabic lneratue only but Islamic history as well “They fem. plural wil not meet the president only, but aso his wie 6, Cairo snot only the capital of Egypt but the largest cy in ‘Altica a8 well 7. They (mae, plral) will construe hotels ot only in the ‘Midale Fast bt in the Far East as wel, {He fought not only with his brother bu with all the members ot his family 9, Oue teacher i loved not only by his students bat by oer teacher wll 10, She not only sent lete o ber fiend but eleponed he ‘wel inorder to invite ert the reception 11. She not oly invited Mary bathe sisters a wel 12 Me not only resigned from his job but wrote the reasons for his vesignation aswel, 5. Form six sentences, two foreach ofthe connectors tied in this tessa,