acipe ofsuperposition ofw a v e s

h u t when two or more waves overlap in medium the

a resultant displacement of aparticle is the
calic sum of the displacement due to each wave
t . bethedisplacementofthe particles due todifferent wavesofthe particlethem
themet dinplacement is pven by
Y-Y.0-Y r.9-Y,(r.9....
otas ta.0010130 SMS 1695at5
 XPHYSICS WAVES
Interferenee of wavees
Consider to harmonie progressive wave on a stretched string both with same
frequency and same angular wave number kthey only differ in the
amplitude. A, angular
initial phase by p the
equation are
YA sin (kx - t )
*Asin (kx-t P)
When the two waves
superimpose by the principle of superposition we have the net
displacement
Y Y+Y
A sin (kx- ot) sin
+
(kx- at+
9)
2A sin ot+kx-ot+
By sinA+sinB - 2sincos

=Y-2Acos sin kx-t + )

quation ( i s also a harmonic travelling waves w i t h same frequency and wavelength and initial phase

angle
But its amplitude is a function of phase
angle p
A'-2Acos
g=0ie, the two waves are in face

A-2Acos0 A=2A
In this case the amplitudes are added and hence the
condition is called constructive interference.
fg= 180 ( ) ie, the two waves are out of face r first harmonic

A=0
d harmo
The amplitudes gets subtracted hence it is called
destructive interference
Standing waves and normal modes

Consider a wave uavelling along the we x-axis

Y,-Asiolkox F ot)

And a reflected waves from an open boundary of the

sanae anplitude and wavelength in theve direction
x-as Y, A sinkox + at)

By the principle of superposition K acme

Y-Yi+Y 1C
=A sin (kx- t ) +A sin (kx + ot)
the Be
=A [sin (kx -ut)+ sin (kx + wt)

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