Anual UNI
SEMANA
INGLÉS
SEMESTRAL SAN MARCOS II
The Sentence
Definitions and Examples of Basic Sentence
Elements
Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb,
blue, italics = object, pink, regular font = prepositio-
nal phrase
Independent clause: An independent clause can
stand alone as a sentence. It contains a subject and
a verb and is a complete idea.
 I like spaghetti.
 He reads many books.
Dependent clause: A dependent clause is not a
complete sentence. It must be attached to an inde-
pendent clause to become complete. This is also
known as a subordinate clause.
o
Although I like spaghetti,…
o
Because he reads many books,…
Subject: A person, animal, place, thing, or concept
that does an action. Determine the subject in a sen-
tence by asking the question “Who or what?”
o
I like spaghetti.
o
He reads many books.
Verb: Expresses what the person, animal, place,
thing, or concept does. Determine the verb in a sen-
tence by asking the question “What was the action
or what happened?”
o I like spaghetti.
o He reads many books.
o The movie is good. (The be verb is also so-
metimes referred to as a copula or a linking
verb. It links the subject, in this case “the
movie,” to the complement or the predicate
of the sentence, in this case, “good.”)
Práctica dirigida de Filosofía
01
Object: A person, animal, place, thing, or concept
that receives the action. Determine the object in a
sentence by asking the question “The subject did
what?” or “To whom?/For whom?”
o I like spaghetti.
o He reads many books.
Prepositional Phrase: A phrase that begins with
a preposition (i.e., in, at for, behind, until, after, of,
during) and modifies a word in the sentence. A pre-
positional phrase answers one of many questions.
Here are a few examples: “Where? When? In what
way?”
o I like spaghetti for dinner.
o He reads many books in the library.
English Sentence Structure
The following statements are true about sentences
in English:
• A new sentence begins with a capital letter.
o
He obtained his degree.
• A sentence ends with punctuation (a period,
a question mark, or an exclamation point).
o He obtained his degree.
• A sentence contains a subject that is only given
once.
o
Smith he obtained his degree.
• A sentence contains a verb or a verb phrase.
o He obtained his degree.
• A sentence follows Subject + Verb + Object
word order.
o
He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree
(object).
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• A sentence must have a complete idea that
stands alone. This is also called an indepen-
dent clause.
o
He obtained his degree.
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb,
and it may also have an object and modifiers.
However, it contains only one independent clause.
Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline =
verb, blue, italics = object, pink, regular font
=prepositional phrase
Here are a few examples:
• She wrote.
• She completed her literature review.
• He organized his sources by theme.
• They studied APA rules for many hours.
Exercises
Text 1: Banking
Banking and banks are very important for the
functioning of the modern world. Without banks
the way we use money would not work. Banks
enable people to save money, borrow money and
to pay for things with ease and security.
Each country in the world has its own well known
banks that have branches in nearly every city so that
they are convenient for people to use. People often
have to visit the local branch of the bank when they
want certain services. There are also some very big
multinational banks that have branches in most
countries in the world.
As well as the local branches that are in most
cities, each bank will also have a head office. This
is where all central tasks are performed that let the
local braches function. The people that work in the
branches will be the bank manager, the person in
charge, and various tellers who work behind the
bank counter and help the customers. There will
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Compound Sentences
A compound sentence contains at least two inde-
pendent clauses. These two independent clauses
can be combined with a comma and a coordina-
ting conjunction or with a semicolon.
Key: independent clause = yellow, bold; comma
or semicolon = pink, regular font; coordinating con-
junction = green, underlined
Here are a few examples:
• She completed her literature review, and
she created her reference list.
• He organized his sources by theme; then,
he updated his reference list.
• They studied APA rules for many hours,
but they realized there was still much to
learn.
also likely be security guards to protect the money,
workers and customers.
Most customers will just need to see the tellers
when they go to the bank if they are paying money
into their account as either cash or a check. Howe-
ver, they might need to see the bank manager if they
want to open an account or if they have become
overdraw, when they have spent more money than
there was in the account. Also if they want to borrow
money and get a loan the person will need to see the
bank manager who will have to approve it.
As well as being able to use cash or checks to
pay for things, banks also offer their customers the
more convenient methods of using either a debit
card or credit card. These methods are very conve-
nient as you just need to carry a small plastic card
to be able to pay for anything. When paying with
plastic you will need to either sign a receipt or en-
ter a PIN number to conform the purchase and that
you are authorized to use the card.
1. According to the text, what do banks enable
people to do?
A) Buy products
B) Save money for the future
C) Get money now that they have to pay back
later
D) All of the above
2. What is the purpose of the head office of a
bank?
A) To support the local branches to work
properly.
B) To offer services to local customers.
C) To work with other banks.
D) To look impressive.
3. What do bank tellers do?
A) They protect the money.
B) They help the customers.
C) They arrange loans for customers.
D) They are in charge of the bank branch.
4. What happens when a bank customer spend
more money than they have in their account?
A) They will need to see the security guard.
B) They will have to go to the police station.
C) They will have to have a meeting with the
bank manager.
D) They will have to borrow money from the
bank.
5. Which of the following methods is more con-
venient when paying for something than using
a check?
A) Using a plastic card
B) Using cash
C) There is not a more convenient method.
D) With an exchange of products.
Text 2: Doctors
When most people are ill with a non-life threa-
tening condition they will most often see a General
Practitioner, a GP, also called a Family Doctor. The-
se doctors generally work in the local community
in surgeries rather than in hospitals, so they are
convenient for people to see for a consultation.
However, other GPs can work in a very wide range
of areas, such as in hospitals, in education and for
insurance companies.
As the name suggests, GPs are doctors that do
not have a specialty, such as a brain surgeon or can-
cer specialist: they are able to diagnose and treat all
the possible diseases and problem that one of their
patients might have. They can treat and manage
most illnesses and perform some minor surgeries
in their practice. Then for more serious cases they
will refer the patient to a specialist that will work in
a hospital.
If you are ill and need to see a GP you will nor-
mally need to make an appointment. Sometimes
you can just walk into the surgery and see a doc-
tor, but that is not very likely as GPs are normally
very busy and all their appointment times will be
fully booked. Often you have to wait several hours
if not at least one of two days before you can get an
appointment with a GP. If you are too ill to wait you
have to go to a hospital and visit the accident and
emergency department.
GPs also make house-calls. These are when
the GP comes to your house to treat you or see a
patient. Most often a GP has to make house-calls
to see elderly people who cannot get to the surgery
easily. They might be ill and need to doctor to give
them medicine or it could be that the GP just want
to check on them and make sure that they are ok.
If you are ill, the doctor will normally prescribe you
some medicine and tell you to go away for a few
days before you go back and visit them again if you
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have not started to get better. The GP will also exp-
lain how you can have a better lifestyle that could
prevent you from becoming ill in the first place.
They will normally recommend that you stop smo-
king cigarettes (if you do), not to drink too much
alcohol and to get exercise. Once you have your
prescription you will need to visit a pharmacy to get
the medicine the doctor prescribed you.
6. What is the difference between a specialist
and a GP?
A) There is no difference, they are both
doctors.
B) The GP normally works in a hospital and
the specialist works in a surgery.
C) A GP can treat patients with many different
illnesses, while the specialist focuses on
one area only.
D) You need to be referred to a GP but not to
a specialist.
7. Where do GP normally work?
A) In a hospital
B) In a school
C) In a surgery
D) In a mobile vehicle
8. Why will you often have to wait to see a GP?
A) They are very busy, so all their appointment
times get full.
B) To make sure you are really ill.
C) So the GP will have enough work to do
each day.
D) You will need to travel a long way to see
them and the journey will take a few days.
9. What sort of person will most likely be visited
by a GP in their own home?
A) A new born baby.
B) An old person.
C) Someone with a serious illness.
D) GPs do not visit patients in their houses.
10. What do GPs do as well as making ill people
better?,
A) They give advice about how to not become
ill in the first place.
B) They help the families of people who have
died.
C) They are participate in local community
activities.
D) They work with the people who make the
medicine to sell more of it.