Table of Basic Integrals

Basic Forms
Z
1
(1) xn dx = xn+1 , n 6= −1
n+1

Z
1
(2) dx = ln |x|
x

Z Z
(3) udv = uv − vdu

Z
1 1
(4) dx = ln |ax + b|
ax + b a

Integrals of Rational Functions

Z
1 1
(5) 2
dx = −
(x + a) x+a

(x + a)n+1
Z
n
(6) (x + a) dx = , n 6= −1
n+1

(x + a)n+1 ((n + 1)x − a)

Z
(7) x(x + a)n dx =
(n + 1)(n + 2)

Z
1
(8) dx = tan−1 x
1 + x2

Z
1 1 −1 x
(9) dx = tan
a2 + x 2 a a

1
 Z
x 1
(10) dx = ln |a2 + x2 |
a2 +x 2 2

x2
Z
x
(11) 2 2
dx = x − a tan−1
a +x a

x3
Z
1 2 1 2
(12) dx = x − a ln |a2 + x2 |
a2 + x 2 2 2

Z
1 2 −1 2ax + b
(13) dx = √ tan √
ax2 + bx + c 4ac − b2 4ac − b2

Z
1 1 a+x
(14) dx = ln , a 6= b
(x + a)(x + b) b−a b+x

Z
x a
(15) 2
dx = + ln |a + x|
(x + a) a+x

Z
x 1 b 2ax + b
(16) dx = ln |ax2 +bx+c|− √ tan−1 √
ax2 + bx + c 2a a 4ac − b2 4ac − b2

Integrals with Roots

√
Z
2
(17) x − a dx = (x − a)3/2
3

√
Z
1
(18) √ dx = 2 x ± a
x±a

√
Z
1
(19) √ dx = −2 a − x
a−x

2
 (x − a)3/2 + 25 (x − a)5/2 ,
 2a
Z
√  3
or
2 4
(20) x x − a dx = 3
x(x − a)3/2 − 15 (x − a)5/2 , or
2
(2a + 3x)(x − a)3/2

15

Z √  
√
2b 2x
(21) ax + b dx = + ax + b
3a 3

Z
2
(22) (ax + b)3/2 dx = (ax + b)5/2
5a

√
Z
x 2
(23) √ dx = (x ∓ 2a) x ± a
x±a 3

Z r p
x p x(a − x)
(24) dx = − x(a − x) − a tan−1
a−x x−a

√
Z r
x p √ 
(25) dx = x(a + x) − a ln x + x + a
a+x

Z √ 2 2 2 2
√
(26) x ax + b dx = (−2b + abx + 3a x ) ax + b
15a2

(27)
Z p
1 h p  √ p i
2
x(ax + b) dx = (2ax + b) ax(ax + b) − b ln a x + a(ax + b)
 
4a 3/2
 

(28)
Z p 
b b 2
x

p b3  √ p 
3
x (ax + b) dx = − 2 + 3
x (ax + b)+ 5/2 ln a x + a(ax + b)
 
12a 8a x 3 8a

Z √
1 √ 1  √ 
(29) x2 ± a2 dx = x x2 ± a2 ± a2 ln x + x2 ± a2 
 
2 2

3
 Z √
1 √ 1 x
(30) a2 − x2 dx = x a2 − x2 + a2 tan−1 √
2 2 a2 − x 2

Z √ 1 2
3/2
(31) x x2 ± a2 dx = x ± a2
3

Z
1  √ 
(32) √ dx = ln x + x2 ± a2 
 
x 2 ± a2

Z
1 x
(33) √ dx = sin−1
a2 −x 2 a

Z
x √
(34) √ dx = x2 ± a2
x 2 ± a2

Z
x √
(35) √ dx = − a2 − x2
a2 − x 2

x2 1 √ √
Z
1  
(36) √ dx = x x2 ± a2 ∓ a2 ln x + x2 ± a2 
 
x 2 ± a2 2 2

(37)
Z √
b + 2ax √ 2 4ac − b2  p 
ax2 + bx + c dx = ax + bx + c+ 2 +
ln 2ax + b + 2 a(ax + bx c)

4a 8a 3/2

(38)
Z √
1  √ √ 2 2 2


x ax2 + bx + c dx = 2 a ax + bx + c −3b + 2abx + 8a(c + ax )
48a5/2
 √ √ 
+3(b3 − 4abc) ln b + 2ax + 2 a ax2 + bx + c
 

4
 Z
1 1  p 
(39) √ dx = √ ln 2ax + b + 2 a(ax2 + bx + c)
 
2
ax + bx + c a

(40)
1√ 2
Z
x b  p 
√ dx = 2
ax + bx + c− 3/2 ln 2ax + b + 2 a(ax + bx + c)
 
2
ax + bx + c a 2a

Z
dx x
(41) = √
(a2 + x2 )3/2 a2 a2 + x 2

Integrals with Logarithms

Z
(42) ln ax dx = x ln ax − x

x2
Z
1
(43) x ln x dx = x2 ln x −
2 4

x3
Z
2 1 3
(44) x ln x dx = x ln x −
3 9

Z  
n n+1 ln x 1
(45) x ln x dx = x − , n 6= −1
n + 1 (n + 1)2

Z
ln ax 1
(46) dx = (ln ax)2
x 2

Z
ln x 1 ln x
(47) 2
dx = − −
x x x

5
 Z  
b
(48) ln(ax + b) dx = x + ln(ax + b) − x, a 6= 0
a

Z
x
(49) ln(x2 + a2 ) dx = x ln(x2 + a2 ) + 2a tan−1 − 2x
a

Z
x+a
(50) ln(x2 − a2 ) dx = x ln(x2 − a2 ) + a ln − 2x
x−a

(51)
1√
Z  
2 −1 2ax + b b
+ x ln ax2 + bx + c



ln ax + bx + c dx = 4ac − b tan √
2 −2x+
a 4ac − b2 2a

b2
Z  
bx 1 2 1 2
(52) x ln(ax + b) dx = − x + x − 2 ln(ax + b)
2a 4 2 a

a2
Z  
2 2 2 1 1
dx = − x2 + 2
x − 2 ln a2 − b2 x2



(53) x ln a − b x
2 2 b

Z
(54) (ln x)2 dx = 2x − 2x ln x + x(ln x)2

Z
(55) (ln x)3 dx = −6x + x(ln x)3 − 3x(ln x)2 + 6x ln x

x2 1 2
Z
1
(56) x(ln x)2 dx = + x (ln x)2 − x2 ln x
4 2 2

2x3 1 3
Z
2
(57) x2 (ln x)2 dx = + x (ln x)2 − x3 ln x
27 3 9

6
Integrals with Exponentials
Z
1
(58) eax dx = eax
a

(59) √ Z x
√ 1 √ ax √

Z
i π 2 2
xe ax
dx = xe + 3/2 erf i ax , where erf(x) = √ e−t dt
a 2a π 0

Z
(60) xex dx = (x − 1)ex

Z  
ax x 1
(61) xe dx = − 2 eax
a a

Z
x2 ex dx = x2 − 2x + 2 ex


(62)

x2 2x
Z  
2 ax 2
(63) xe dx = − 2 + 3 eax
a a a

Z
x3 ex dx = x3 − 3x2 + 6x − 6 ex


(64)

xn eax n
Z Z
n ax
(65) x e dx = − xn−1 eax dx
a a

∞
(−1)n
Z Z
(66) x e n ax
dx = n+1 Γ[1 + n, −ax], where Γ(a, x) = ta−1 e−t dt
a x

√
√

Z
ax2 i π
(67) e dx = − √ erf ix a
2 a

7
 √
√

Z
−ax2 π
(68) e dx = √ erf x a
2 a

Z
2 1 −ax2
(69) xe−ax dx = − e
2a

√
Z r
2 −ax2 1 π x 2
(70) xe dx = 3
erf(x a) − e−ax
4 a 2a

Integrals with Trigonometric Functions

Z
1
(71) sin ax dx = − cos ax
a

Z
x sin 2ax
(72) sin2 ax dx = −
2 4a

Z
3 cos ax cos 3ax
(73) sin3 ax dx = − +
4a 12a

 
1 1−n 3
Z
n 1 2
(74) sin ax dx = − cos ax 2 F1 , , , cos ax
a 2 2 2

Z
1
(75) cos ax dx = sin ax
a

Z
x sin 2ax
(76) cos2 ax dx = +
2 4a

Z
3 sin ax sin 3ax
(77) cos3 axdx = +
4a 12a

8
 Z  
p 1 1+p 1+p 1 3+p 2
(78) cos axdx = − cos ax × 2 F1 , , , cos ax
a(1 + p) 2 2 2

Z
1 2 1 1
(79) cos x sin x dx = sin x + c1 = − cos2 x + c2 = − cos 2x + c3
2 2 4

cos[(a − b)x] cos[(a + b)x]

Z
(80) cos ax sin bx dx = − , a 6= b
2(a − b) 2(a + b)

sin[(2a − b)x] sin bx sin[(2a + b)x]

Z
(81) sin2 ax cos bx dx = − + −
4(2a − b) 2b 4(2a + b)

Z
1 3
(82) sin2 x cos x dx = sin x
3

cos[(2a − b)x] cos bx cos[(2a + b)x]

Z
(83) cos2 ax sin bx dx = − −
4(2a − b) 2b 4(2a + b)

Z
1
(84) cos2 ax sin ax dx = − cos3 ax
3a

(85)
x sin 2ax sin[2(a − b)x] sin 2bx sin[2(a + b)x]
Z
sin2 ax cos2 bxdx = − − + −
4 8a 16(a − b) 8b 16(a + b)

Z
x sin 4ax
(86) sin2 ax cos2 ax dx = −
8 32a

Z
1
(87) tan ax dx = − ln cos ax
a

9
 Z
1
(88) tan2 ax dx = −x + tan ax
a

tann+1 ax
Z  
n n+1 n+3
(89) tan ax dx = × 2 F1 , 1, , − tan2 ax
a(1 + n) 2 2

Z
1 1
(90) tan3 axdx = ln cos ax + sec2 ax
a 2a

Z  x
(91) sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| = 2 tanh−1 tan
2

Z
1
(92) sec2 ax dx = tan ax
a

Z
1 1
(93) sec3 x dx = sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x|
2 2

Z
(94) sec x tan x dx = sec x

Z
1
(95) sec2 x tan x dx = sec2 x
2

Z
1
(96) secn x tan x dx = secn x, n 6= 0
n

Z  x 
(97) csc x dx = ln tan  = ln | csc x − cot x| + C

2

10
 Z
1
(98) csc2 ax dx = − cot ax
a

Z
1 1
(99) csc3 x dx = − cot x csc x + ln | csc x − cot x|
2 2

Z
1
(100) cscn x cot x dx = − cscn x, n 6= 0
n

Z
(101) sec x csc x dx = ln | tan x|

Products of Trigonometric Functions and Mono-

mials
Z
(102) x cos x dx = cos x + x sin x

Z
1 x
(103) x cos ax dx = 2
cos ax + sin ax
a a

Z
x2 cos x dx = 2x cos x + x2 − 2 sin x


(104)

2x cos ax a2 x2 − 2
Z
(105) x2 cos ax dx = + sin ax
a2 a3

Z
1
(106) xn cos xdx = − (i)n+1 [Γ(n + 1, −ix) + (−1)n Γ(n + 1, ix)]
2

11
 Z
1
(107) xn cos ax dx = (ia)1−n [(−1)n Γ(n + 1, −iax) − Γ(n + 1, ixa)]
2

Z
(108) x sin x dx = −x cos x + sin x

Z
x cos ax sin ax
(109) x sin ax dx = − +
a a2

Z
x2 sin x dx = 2 − x2 cos x + 2x sin x


(110)

2 − a2 x 2
Z
2x sin ax
(111) x2 sin ax dx = 3
cos ax +
a a2

Z
1
(112) xn sin x dx = − (i)n [Γ(n + 1, −ix) − (−1)n Γ(n + 1, −ix)]
2

x2 1
Z
1
(113) x cos2 x dx = + cos 2x + x sin 2x
4 8 4

x2 1
Z
1
(114) x sin2 x dx = − cos 2x − x sin 2x
4 8 4

x2
Z
(115) x tan2 x dx = − + ln cos x + x tan x
2

Z
(116) x sec2 x dx = ln cos x + x tan x

12
Products of Trigonometric Functions and Ex-
ponentials
Z
1
(117) ex sin x dx = ex (sin x − cos x)
2

Z
1
(118) ebx sin ax dx = ebx (b sin ax − a cos ax)
a2 + b2

Z
1
(119) ex cos x dx = ex (sin x + cos x)
2

Z
1
(120) ebx cos ax dx = ebx (a sin ax + b cos ax)
a2 + b2

Z
1
(121) xex sin x dx = ex (cos x − x cos x + x sin x)
2

Z
1
(122) xex cos x dx = ex (x cos x − sin x + x sin x)
2

Integrals of Hyperbolic Functions

Z
1
(123) cosh ax dx = sinh ax
a

 ax
e
Z 
 2 2
[a cosh bx − b sinh bx] a 6= b
(124) eax cosh bx dx = a2ax− b
e + x

a=b
4a 2
Z
1
(125) sinh ax dx = cosh ax
a

13
  ax
e
Z 
 2 2
[−b cosh bx + a sinh bx] a 6= b
(126) e sinh bx dx = a2ax− b
ax

e − x

a=b
4a 2
Z
1
(127) tanh ax dx = ln cosh ax
a
 (a+2b)x
e h a a 2bx
i
F 1 + , 1, 2 + , −e


 2 1
 (a + 2b) h 2b a 2b
Z 

(128) ax
e tanh bx dx = 1 ax a 2bx
i
− e 2 F1 1, , 1 + , −e a 6= b

 ax
a −1 ax 2b 2b
 e − 2 tan [e ]


a=b

a
Z
1
(129) cos ax cosh bx dx = 2 [a sin ax cosh bx + b cos ax sinh bx]
a + b2
Z
1
(130) cos ax sinh bx dx = [b cos ax cosh bx + a sin ax sinh bx]
a2 + b2
Z
1
(131) sin ax cosh bx dx = [−a cos ax cosh bx + b sin ax sinh bx]
a2 + b2
Z
1
(132) sin ax sinh bx dx = [b cosh bx sin ax − a cos ax sinh bx]
a2 + b2
Z
1
(133) sinh ax cosh axdx = [−2ax + sinh 2ax]
4a
Z
1
(134) sinh ax cosh bx dx = [b cosh bx sinh ax − a cosh ax sinh bx]
b2 − a2
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