CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS

4.0. INTRODUCTION

This chapter present the study findings and analysis of the various data gathered from

respondent through the use of questionnaire. One hundred and fifty (150) questionnaire were

distributed but one hundred and forty (140) was successfully retrieved and analyzed. The results

were presented below.

4.1. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ON SOCIO-

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTIC.

Table 4.1.1 Percentage Distribution of Respondents on sex.

Table 4.1.1 below show the distribution of respondent of sex. The table shows that majority

(63.6%) of the respondents were male while (36.4%) were female. This is due to the fact that

male deals with stress than the female gender

Sex N %

Male 89 63.6

Female 51 36.4

Total 140 100.0

Table 4.1.2 Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Age

Table 4.1.2 shows the distribution of respondent of age. The table shows that majority (75.5%)

of the respondents were between ages 21-25, (20.5%) were below 20, while (4.0%) were

between 26 and 30. This is because of the age bracket presumed to be an undergraduate.

Age N %
 Below 20 29 20.5

21-25 106 75.5

26 - 30 5 4.0

Above 31 - -

Total 140 100

Table 4.1.3 Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Religion

Table 4.1.4 above show percentage distribution of respondents on religion. The table revealed

that the majority (77.9%) of the respondents were Christianity, (21.4%) of the respondent are

Islamic, while (7%) comprises of traditional religion. This is due to the fact that the area of

concentration is occupied by Christians.

Religion N %

Christianity 109 77.9

Islamic 30 21.4

Tradition 1 .7

Total 140 100.0

Table 4.1.5 Percentage Distribution of Respondents on ethnic group

Table 4.1.5 above revealed the percentage distribution of respondent on ethnic group. The table

implies that the majority (75.0) of the respondent are Yoruba’s, (17.9%) falls under the Igbo’s,

while (2.1%) are Hausas while the remaining (5.0%) respondent are others such as Tiv, Urhobo,

Itsekiri and so on, This might be because of the study area which is the south western part of the

country dominated by the Yorubas.

 Ethnic group N %

Yoruba 105 75.0

Igbo 25 17.9

Hausa 3 2.1

Others 7 5.0

Total 140 100.0

SECTION B; Concept of Anxiety, Depression and Stress

Table 4.2.1 percentage distribution of respondents on perception of Anxiety

Concept of Anxiety Frequency Percentage

Feeling of Fear, dread and uneasiness 30 21.4

Worried or being nervous about something 15 21.4

Unrest state of mind 30 10.7

A state of restlessness and agitation 14 10.0

No response 51 36.4

Total 140 100.0

Table 4.2.1 showed the distribution of respondents based on their perception on anxiety. majority

(21.4%) of the respondents saw anxiety as the feeling of fear, dread and uneasiness, (21.4%) as

worried or being nervous about something, (10.7%) as unrest state of mind, (10.0%) as state of

restlessness and agitation.

Table 4.2.2 percentage distribution of respondents on perception of depression

Concept of Depression Frequency Percentage

Being unhappy, sadness and being worried 30 21.4

A state of feeling dejected 15 21.4

A period of unhappiness or low morale 30 10.7

A state where everything looks odd to you 14 10.0

No response 51 36.4

Total 140 100.0

Table 4.2.2 showed the distribution of respondents based on their perception on depression.

majority (21.4%) of the respondents saw depression as Being unhappy, sadness and being

worried, (21.4%) as state of feeling dejected, (10.7%) as A period of unhappiness or low morale,

(10.0%) as A state where everything looks odd to you

Table 4.2.3. Percentage distribution of respondents on perception of Stress

Concept of Depression Frequency Percentage

A mental and emotional feelings 35 25.0

Emotional pressure suffered by human 10 7.1

Means to be tired 25 17.9

Being worked out 19 13.6

No response 51 36.4

Total 140 100.0

from table 4.2.3 revealed the perception of respondents on stress, majority (25.0%) sees it as

mental and emotional feelings, (7.1%) as emotional pressure suffered by human, (17.9%) as

means to be tired, (13.6%) as being worked out.

Table 4.2.4. Percentage Distribution of Respondents Based on the Factors Such As

Relationship Problems, or Family Issues Causes Depression, Anxiety and Stress

Factors such as relationship problems, or family issues N %

causes depression, anxiety and stress?
Yes 138 98.5
No 2 1.5
Total 140 100.0
If yes, what type of alcohol do you take? (N = 138)
When one is experiencing family issues or problem, such 32 23.0%
person can easily be depressed -
Lack of care and trust can cause it 12 8.6
When much is being demanded from someone 22 15.8
Children from separated home has tendency to be 27 19.4
depressed
No response 45 32.4

Table 4.2.4 revealed that majority (98.5%) believes that Factors such as relationship problems,

or family issues causes depression, anxiety and stress (1.5%) does not. of which (23.0%)

affirmed that when one is experiencing family issues or problem, such person can easily be

depressed, (8.6%) mentioned Lack of care and trust, (15.6%) When much is being demanded

from someone

(19.4%) as Children from separated home has tendency to be depressed.

Table 4.2.5. Percentage Distribution of Respondents Based on Early loss of Parents,

Siblings and Loved Ones can Result to Depression

Early loss of parents, siblings and loved ones can result N %

to depression
Yes 111 79.3
No 29 20.7
Total 140 100.0
From the above, it can be deduced that majority (79.3%) agreed that early loss of parents,

siblings and loved ones can result to depression while (20.7%) disagreed. this connotes that

Early loss of parents, siblings and loved ones can result to depression of which suggestions

such as sometimes one can miss his/her parents which will warrant one to be sad, such people

are left out and dejected in the society and it prompts depression because one will be left

alone.

Table 4.2.6. Percentage Distribution of Respondents Based on Academic stress is often seen

in the daily activities of students around the world

Academic stress is often seen in the daily activities of N %

students around the world
Yes 111 79.3
No 18 12.9
Can’t say 11 7.9
Total 140 100.0
Table 4.2.5 revealed that majority (79.3%) affirmed that Academic stress is often seen in the

daily activities of students around the world, while (12.9%) said contrary. This connotes that

Academic stress is often seen in the daily activities of students around the world.

Section C; Effect of Anxiety on Academic Performance of Students in Ekiti State

University

Table 4.3.1. Percentage Distribution of Respondents Based on anxiety has a major effect on

academic performance of students

anxiety has a major effect on academic performance of N %

students
Yes 133 95.0
No 7 5.0
Total 140 100.0
From the table above, it could be deduced that majority (95.0%) of the respondents affirmed that

anxiety has a major effect on academic performance of students while (5.0%) said contrary. with

respondents mentioning that many students will leave their hostels in the hostels in the morning

with the morning with the intention of doing one or two in the school but will end going from

one lecture to another that last more than two more than two hours such students will be stressed

academically, it is obvious school is stressful. Loads of assignments, changing of lecture theatres

at dine minutes, impromptu test and so on leads to stress for students.

Section D: Effect of Depression on Academic Performance of Students in Ekiti State

University

Table 4.4.1 Percentage Distribution of Respondents Based on Depression as a Mood

Disorder

Depression as a mood disorder affects a person’s ability N %

to perform life activities including academic performance
Agreed 135 96.4
Disagreed 5 3.6
Total 140 100.0
Table 4.3.2 revealed that majority (96.4%) agreed that depression as a mood disorder affects a

person’s ability to perform life activities including academic performance while the remaining

(3.6%) disagreed. This connotes that depression as a mood disorder affects a person’s ability to

perform life activities including academic performance.

Table 4.4.2 Percentage Distribution of Respondents Based on Depression results to lack of

concentration

Depression results to lack of concentration in the class, N %

Agreed 127 90.7
Disagreed 13 9.3
Total 140 100.0
From the above, majority (90.7%) of the respondents agreed that depression results to lack of

concentration while the remaining (9.3%} disagreed. This connotes that depression results to

lack of concentration

Table 4.4.3. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Depression Causes Lack of

Enthusiasm, Motivation for Learning

Depression causes lack of enthusiasm, motivation for N %

learning, and distrust of the school and society

Agreed 130 92.9

Disagreed 10 7.1
Total 140 100.0
From the table above, it was revealed that majority (92.9%) affirmed that Depression causes lack

of enthusiasm, motivation for learning, and distrust of the school and society at large in classes

while (7.1%) disagreed. This connotes that Depression causes lack of enthusiasm, motivation for

learning, and distrust of the school and society at large in classes

Table 4.4.4. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Erratic and negative behavior,

numbness among others are products of depression that makes learning low and

unproductive

N %

Agreed 100 71.4

Disagreed 40 28.6
Total 140 100.0
From the table above, it was revealed that majority (71.4%) of the respondents affirmed that

Erratic and negative behavior, numbness among others are products of depression that makes
learning low and unproductive while the remaining (28.6%) said contrary. This connotes that

Erratic and negative behavior, numbness among others are products of depression that makes

learning low and unproductive.

Table 4.4.5. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Performance of a depressed student

depressed student will find it difficult to perform well N %

academically

Yes 130 93.2

No 10 6.8
Total 140 100.0
From the table above, it can be deduced that majority (93.2%) of the respondents affirmed that

depressed student will find it difficult to perform well academically while the remaining (6.8%)

said contrary. this simply connotes that depressed student will find it difficult to perform well

academically.

Section E; Effect of Stress on Academic Performance of Students in Ekiti State University

Table 4.5.1. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Students in the Higher Institutions

of Learning are Experiencing Stress in their Daily Academic Activities

Students in the higher institutions of learning are N %

experiencing stress in their daily academic activities

Yes 10 6.8
No 130 93.2
Total 140 100.0
From the table above, it can be deduced that majority (93.2%) of the respondents affirmed that

students in the higher institutions of learning are experiencing stress in their daily academic

activities while the remaining (6.8%) said contrary. this simply connotes that students in the

higher institutions of learning are experiencing stress in their daily academic activities connoting
that higher institutions that higher institutions are always after its students life, waking up early

to attend lectures, walking around the school in search of lectures theatres, getting home late

with of assignment and still having to create time to eat, study and relax and having to meet the

high expectations of family and parents may cause a student to be stressed.

Table 4.5.2. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Responsibility to Meet the

Expectations of Parents

Having the responsibility to meet the expectations of parents which N %

include expectations related to their academic performance is a major

cause of stress to students

Yes 121 86.4

No 13 13.6
Total 140 100.0
from the above, it could be revealed that majority (86.4%) of the agreed that having the

responsibility to meet the expectations of parents which include expectations related to their

academic performance is a major cause of stress to students while the remaining (13.6%) said

contrary. this connotes that having the responsibility to meet the expectations of parents which

include expectations related to their academic performance is a major cause of stress to students.

Table 4.5.3. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Students When Students Are

Faced With These Stress 

When students are faced with these stress, they become N %

disorganized, disoriented and find it extremely difficult to cope

Yes 73 52.4
No 67 47.6
Total 140 100.0
From the above, majority (52.4%) of the respondents agreed that When students are faced with

these stress, they become disorganized, disoriented and find it extremely difficult to cope while

the remaining (47.6%) disagreed. This connotes that When students are faced with these stress,

they become disorganized, disoriented and find it extremely difficult to cope.

Table 4.5.4. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Student Workers Experience

Guidance and Counseling Programs to Help Grow N %

Towards Responsible Adulthood

Yes 114 81.4

No 26 18.6
Total 140 100.0
from the table above, it could be addressed that majority (81.4%) of the respondents affirmed

that student-workers experience greater stress during mid-term and final examination periods of

the academic year, (6.8%) said no while the remaining (18.6%) can’t say. this connotes that

student-workers experience greater stress during mid-term and final examination periods of the

academic year.

Section F: Management Techniques to Be Adopted To Reduce Stress, Depression and

Anxiety among Students in Ekiti State University

Table 4.6.1. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on imbibing any one form of exercise to

be done on daily basis, this small change will go a long way and guarantees an environment of

sustainable happiness  

imbibing any one form of exercise to be done on daily basis, this N %

small change will go a long way and guarantees an environment of

sustainable happiness

Yes 114 81.4

No 26 18.6
Total 140 100.0
from the table above, it could be addressed that majority (81.4%) of the respondents affirmed

that imbibing any one form of exercise to be done on daily basis, this small change will go a long

way and guarantees an environment of sustainable happiness, while the remaining (18.6%) said

no. this connotes that imbibing any one form of exercise to be done on daily basis, this small

change will go a long way and guarantees an environment of sustainable happiness.

Table 4.6.2. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on avoiding Things that can Prompt

Stress, Anxiety and Stress Disorder   

Avoiding things that can prompt stress, anxiety and stress N %

disorder

Yes 115 81.8

No 25 18.2
Total 140 100.0
From the above, majority (81.8%) of the respondents revealed that avoiding things that can

prompt stress, anxiety and stress disorder while the remaining (18.2%) said contrary, This

connotes that Avoiding things that can prompt stress, anxiety and stress disorder.

Table 4.6.3. Percentage Distribution of Respondents on Listening to music can reap many

benefits and can subside stress certainly   

N %

Yes 118 84.1

No 22 15.9
Total 140 100.0
from the above, majority (84.1%) agreed that listening to music can reap many benefits and can

subside stress certainly while the remaining (15.9%) said contrary. This connotes that Listening

to music can reap many benefits and can subside stress certainly.

Other suggested measures includes guidance and counselling would reduce depression and

anxiety too even therapy, also the school should provide a more conducive environment for

learning to reduce stress, another suggested therapy with another suggesting that having a

timetable indicating when to study, eat, sleep and do some other things

4.6. Discussion of Findings

This study is based on the Public Perception of aging among students in Ekiti State. It

was observed that majority of the respondents are single also that majority of the respondents are

male. It was observed that in the study Christians, and Yoruba were dominant.

The study revealed that anxiety is defined as Feeling of Fear, dread and uneasiness, being

worried or being nervous about something while depression was defined as Being unhappy,

sadness and being worried, state of feeling dejected and stress as a mental and emotional feelings

which can be found in the definitions of Adam (2020) defined anxiety is a normal and often

healthy emotion. However, when a person regularly feels disproportionate levels of anxiety, it

might become a medical disorder, depression according to APA (2013), as an emotional

problems, and hopelessness and helplessness are its main causes. Depression is defined as

psychiatric disorder and the common mental illness of present century which is known as

psychiatric cold and stress as according to Wikipedia (2009), Academic stress can inhibit and

suppress learning which is called “un-favorable stress” and it is associated with inhibition of

students’ academic performance.

 On effect of anxiety on academic performance, it has had major effect on academic

performance of students, and also depression resulting to lack of concentration in class,

depression causes lack of enthusiasm, motivation for learning, and distrust of the school and

society and also, depressed student will find it difficult to perform well academically which is

likened and synonymous to the work of Iglesia, Stover and Liporace (2014) observed sharp

dissimilarity between worry and emotionality in terms of the level each of the two-impact

student academic activities. In their explanation, biological or physical reactions depict

emotionality while mind based reactions show worry. Precisely, they found out that worry

reactions such as fear, have more bearing on test performance and Hysenbegasi et al, (2005) who

discovered that depression as a mood disorder affects a person’s ability to perform life activities

including academic performance.

Students in the higher institutions of learning are experiencing stress in their daily

academic activities, having the responsibility to meet the expectations of parents which include

expectations related to their academic performance is a major cause of stress to students, When

students are faced with these stress, they become disorganized, disoriented and find it extremely

difficult to cope, and Guidance and counseling programs to help grow towards responsible

adulthood were identified to be the effect of stress on academic performance. Nakalema and

Ssenyonga (2013) observed that for many students, university life is a major transition because

they are free to decide what to do without undue influence of their parents. They have a

responsibility to struggle to meet the expectations of their parents which include expectations

related to their academic performance (Smith & Renk, 2007).

Imbibing any one form of exercise to be done on daily basis, this small change will go a

long way and guarantees an environment of sustainable happiness, avoiding things that can
prompt stress, anxiety and stress disorder and Listening to music can reap many benefits and can

subside stress certainly were identified as management techniques to be adopted to reduce stress,

depression and anxiety.