HT 210 Principles and Philosophies of Home

Technology Education

The role and functions of technology in 21st-century

pedagogies followed by Education 4.0 and its Relevance to
Home Technology Education

JAMAICA V. PRINCIPE
PRESENTER

The role and functions of technology in 21st-century pedagogies have

been a topic of interest and discussion among educators and scholars.
Technology has brought about significant changes in the way teaching and
learning are conducted in contemporary classrooms. In this discussion, we will
explore some of the ways technology has influenced pedagogy in the 21st
century, and the benefits and challenges associated with its integration.( the
role it plays in 21st century education . Technology is by far the most popular topic
concerning 21st century learning and education and many of the videos on Youtube are
about just that. Although some of these videos cover other ideas, technology still seems
to be the central focus. in 21st century education has its two-fold: One is to address
some of the misconceptions out there about technology and second is about how to
implement technology effectively and use in practical pragmatic way.)
Technology can bring real value in teaching and learning to the
classroom. The challenges in the 21st century are both developing and using
such technology. Never has this been more apparent and necessary during the
past year or so. The Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated why online
education should be a vital part of teaching and learning.( Education is no longer
restricted to a traditional classroom lecture. Due to emerging technologies, knowledge
is available exponentially and shared instantaneously. For the most part, schools have
integrated technology into existing curricula rather than using it solely as a crisis
management tool. Thus, teachers can harness online learning as a powerful education
tool. In this article, we will explore the growing use of technology in 21st-century
education.)
Enhancing Student Engagement: Technology has revolutionized the
way students learn and interact with information, making it more engaging and
stimulating. With interactive multimedia resources, gamification, and virtual
reality, students can explore concepts in a more immersive and interactive way,
which can lead to greater engagement and motivation (Hsin & Cigas, 2013;
Prensky, 2001). (Due to technology in the 21st-century classroom, not only can
teachers engage with students during lessons, but students can also communicate with
each other. Students can work together to solve problems, especially during online
lessons and learning games. While working on collaborative activities, students can
share their ideas and thoughts and support each other. Technology in school also
allows for one-on-one interaction with teachers. Students can ask their teacher
questions about the lesson and seek additional help on subjects they find hard to
understand. Due to technology, students can upload their homework onto a virtual
classroom, and teachers can access this, and view and grade completed assignments
using their computers).
Providing Personalized Learning: Technology has made it possible to
provide personalized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs.
Adaptive learning software and online tutoring can provide students with
individualized feedback and support, enabling them to progress at their own
pace and level (Baker, Corbett, & Aleven, 2008; Knewton, 2014).( Due to
technology in education, students can have 24/7 access to educational resources.
Classes can take place entirely online, using a laptop or a mobile device. Schools can
encourage hybrid models of learning by combining technology from anywhere with
regular in-person classroom sessions. Also, students can learn at their own pace. They
can also review the videos in the lesson plans if they find it necessary.)
Enabling Collaborative Learning: Technology has enabled collaboration
among students from different locations, both within and outside of the
classroom. Through online discussion forums, collaborative writing tools, and
video conferencing, students can engage in collaborative learning activities that
promote teamwork and critical thinking (Dabbagh & Kitsantas, 2012; Palloff &
Pratt, 2007).( Teachers can spark their students' curiosity and boost their interest
through engaging and creative educational content. Research says that this can lead to
genuine academic success. Through increased curiosity, students can gain a better
understanding of Math and Reading concepts. Teachers can also use Virtual Reality
(VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Videos, and Podcasts to deliver classroom content.
Using technology, students can include videos when submitting their assignments and
can interact with students across the globe.)
Facilitating Access to Information: Technology has made it easier for
students to access information and resources, including online databases, e-
books, and open educational resources. This has democratized access to
education and helped to level the playing field for students from disadvantaged
backgrounds (Ally, 2009; Wiley, Bliss, & McEwen, 2014). ( Teachers can use
technology to achieve new levels of productivity. They can also use and implement
useful digital tools to expand learning opportunities for students. They can also increase
student support and engagement. The right technology also enables teachers to
improve their instruction methods and provide personalized learning. Moreover, schools
can benefit from technology. They can do this by reducing the costs of physical
instructional materials, enhancing educational program efficiency, and making the best
use of teacher time.)
Promoting Critical Thinking: Technology can be used to promote
critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Simulations, virtual labs, and
other interactive tools can be used to create scenarios that require students to
think creatively and apply their knowledge in real-world situations (Jonassen,
2000; Squire & Jenkins, 2004). ( Technology in the 21st-century education,
classroom exposes teachers and students to new, online global communities. It extends
learning beyond the textbook and beyond classroom walls. The use of technology
promotes inclusion and the development of digital literacy skills. Moreover, it promotes
global awareness, which is an essential component of 21st-century education.)
Fostering Creativity: Technology has enabled the creation of digital
artifacts such as videos, podcasts, and websites, which can enhance students'
creativity and digital literacy skills. Students can develop their digital
storytelling skills, learn to code, and create their own digital content, which can
help them become more creative and innovative (Kafai & Burke, 2014; Kress &
Pachler, 2007). (There are always different students with different learning abilities in
every classroom. Through the use of instructional technology, it is easier to deliver
differentiated instruction. With differentiated instruction, students are provided with an
education that is personalized and that meets them where they are developmental. The
use of technology also provides students with access to rich learning materials outside
the classroom.)
Implementing successful technology integration into the classroom is
often difficult as this needs time, experimentation, customization, and support.
Schools also often struggle with finding meaningful, ongoing professional
development for their faculty regarding technology integration. Teachers can
also work to see the immediate, personal benefit of integrating technology into
their classrooms. The recent challenges in education caused by the pandemic
situation raised teachers’ awareness on the gap of their digital skills
Education 4.0 and its relevance to home technology education
• Education is finally changing -mostly because of the pandemic- but still,
the change is here. New technology is being applied to this field and we
must take advantage of what technology can provide to teachers,
students, and parents.
Education 1.0
 Authoritarian
  The student is the passive recipient
 Teacher-centered system – the teacher gives knowledge as the absolute
leader in the classroom
 Technology is forbidden in the classroom
Education 2.0
 Communication and collaboration are starting to grow
 Exam-based approach – the result is the examination – Memorization of
knowledge
 An underestimated student-centered approach – it’s talked about, but do
not apply it.
 Some people think they stopped talking about teaching and they talk
about learning and learning outcomes, but they are still on paper.
 The schools are still talking about hours of teaching …but we should talk
about hours of learning!
Education 3.0
 Student-Centered approach
 The teacher is transformed into a coordinator/facilitator, advisor, learner
and practice guide
 The student is researching
 Flip classroom method applies
 More dialogue, technology is everywhere, the student is self-learning and
everywhere.
 The classical style classroom no longer exists
 Lesson Plans are now called Learning Plans

What’s next?
Education 4.0

 Co-creation and innovation is the center

 Whenever and wherever flipped classroom applied interactive
practical exercise – face-to-face
  Learning is done at home or outside school, while in school students
develop skills
 Development of personalized teaching and learning
 Learning Plans are now called Creativity Plans
 The technology is free and/or easily accessible, increased use of
virtual reality
 Continuous evolution and innovation – therefore, a need for
continuous training and development of new knowledge and skills by
all.

Major trends of Education 4.0

1) A more personalized learning

Education 4.0 will also enable personalized learning for students
depending on their capabilities. This means that above-average students will be
challenged with tasks that are difficult as compared to students who are below
average. This implies that there will be individual learning processes for each
student. It will surely have a positive impact as it will enable students to learn
at their pace. This will result in a better understanding of the concepts and an
overall better result. It will also help teachers to identify the strengths and
weaknesses of each student individually and guide them accordingly.
2) Accelerate remote learning opportunities
The cornerstone of Education 4.0 is making learning available anywhere,
anytime with the set of eLearning tools that promote remote and self-paced
learning. The Active Blended Learning (ABL) concept is picking up, where
students get to be actively involved in learning beyond classrooms. This way,
they end up mastering both practical and experiential learning.
3) Choice of education tools
A part of Education 4.0 will be the technology/devices used by students
to gain an education. While every subject has its own set of knowledge and
information that the students can grasp, the road to attaining this knowledge
can vary. This means that the students will be able to choose the tools and
techniques through which they want to acquire this knowledge. Techniques
like blended learning, BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), and flipped classrooms
are a few examples of this.
4) Data Analysis
 There are greater insights into the students learning journey with data
analytics and reporting in Education 4.0. The statistical analysis allows
teaching staff to learn where students exactly stand and guide them
appropriately.

5) Project-based learning
The project-driven approach that Education 4.0 supports helps students
learn in a fun and interesting way! It shuns theoretical knowledge and prompts
students to learn time management skills, organizational skills, collaborative
skills, and time management skills, much needed for their employment for the
road ahead.
6) Field-specific experience
As technology integration in specific domains facilitates more efficiency;
the education curriculum will now accommodate more skills that require
human knowledge and personal interaction. This will result in more emphasis
on imparting field-specific knowledge to the students within the existing
courses. This means that schools will now provide more opportunities for
students to obtain real-world skills relevant to the prospecting job
opportunities. Thus, the school curriculum will now include enhanced subject
knowledge that can help students with their future internships, projects
etcetera.
7) Easy and Accurate Exam pattern
A more practical way of assessment comes into place with Education 4.0.
There are both online and offline assessments and students get assessed on
projects, assignments, and fieldwork.

The role of teachers is that of facilitators.

a facilitator, the teacher's job is to support every student to do their best

thinking and practice. As a facilitator, the teacher encourages the full
participation of students, promotes mutual understanding, and cultivates
shared responsibility among students.
Education 4.0 is a term that describes the evolution of education in the
fourth industrial revolution. It is characterized by the integration of advanced
technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet
of Things into the learning process. Education 4.0 aims to prepare students for
the future workforce by providing them with the skills they need to thrive in a
rapidly changing world.
When it comes to home technology education, Education 4.0 is
particularly relevant. With the rise of smart homes and the Internet of Things,
there is a growing need for individuals to be able to understand and interact
with these technologies. Home technology education can help individuals learn
how to use and troubleshoot devices such as smart thermostats, security
cameras, and voice assistants.
Education 4.0 can provide individuals with the skills they need to
succeed in this field. By integrating advanced technologies into the learning
process, educators can create immersive and engaging learning experiences
that help students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration
skills. In addition, Education 4.0 can help students learn how to use new
technologies effectively and responsibly.
Top 10 Digital Skills Education 4.0 demands:
1. Complex Problem Solving
2. Critical Thinking
3. Creativity
4. People Management
5. Coordinating with Others
6. Emotional Intelligence
7. Judgment & Decision Making
8. Service Orientation
9. Negotiation
10. Cognitive Flexibility
Education 1.0: Education 1.0 is the traditional model of education where
the focus is on rote learning, memorization, and teacher-centered instruction.
The teacher is the source of knowledge, and the students are passive receivers
of information.
Education 2.0: Education 2.0 introduces more interactive and collaborative
learning approaches. It emphasizes the use of technology to create a more
personalized and student-centered learning experience. The teacher plays a
facilitator role, and students are encouraged to engage in critical thinking and
problem-solving.
 Education 3.0: Education 3.0 is characterized by the integration of social
media and Web 2.0 technologies into the learning process. It emphasizes the
importance of lifelong learning, and students are encouraged to take ownership
of their learning. The teacher plays the role of a mentor, and students
collaborate with each other to co-create knowledge.

Education 4.0: Education 4.0 refers to the integration of advanced

technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet
of Things, into the learning process. It aims to prepare students for the future
workforce by providing them with the skills they need to thrive in a rapidly
changing world. Education 4.0 creates immersive and engaging learning
experiences that help students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and
collaboration skills, and learn how to use new technologies effectively and
responsibly.