Question Bank for Module 2 – Environmental studies (18CIV59)

WIND ENERGY

1-The amount of energy available in the wind at any instant is proportional to

___ of the wind speed.
(A) Square root power of two
(B) Square root power of three
(C) Square power
(D) Cube power
2. Wind energy is harnessed as ______ energy with the help of windmill or
turbine.
(A) Mechanical
(B) Solar
(C) Electrical
(D) Heat
3-Winds having following speed are suitable to operate wind turbines.
(A) 5 – 25m/s
(B) 10 – 35m/s
(C) 20 – 45m/s
(D) 30 – 55m/s
4-The following is (are) the classification of winds
(A) Global wind
(B) Local wind
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above
5-Global Cold wind move from
(A) Polar to equatorial region
(B) Equatorial to polar region
(C) Equatorial to oceanic region
(D) Oceanic to Equatorial region
6-Global Cold wind generated from Oceans moves to
(A) Mountains
(B) Equator
(C) Plain areas
(D) Poles
7-_____ force is responsible for forcing the global winds towards westernly
direction.
(A) Coriolis
(B) Gravitational
(C) Centripetal
(D) Centrifugal
8-Global winds towards westernly direction are known as
(A) Trade winds
(B) Western winds
(C) Eastern winds
(D) None of the above
9-Uneven heating occurs on land surface and water bodies are due to _____
(A) Air Currents
(B) Solar radiation
(C) Lunar eclipse
(D) None of the above
10-The following factor(s) affects the distribution of wind energy
(A) Mountain chains
(B) The hills, trees and buildings
(C) Frictional effect of the surface
(D) All of the above
11-The wind intensity can be described by
(A) Reynolds number
(B) Mach number
(C) Beaufort number
(D) Froude number
12.The wind speed is measured using an instrument called
(A) Pyranometer
(B) Manometer
(C) Anemometer
(D) Wind vane
13-The rate of change of wind speed with height is called
(A) Wind shear
(B) Wind rose
(C) Wind solidity
(D) None of the above
14-At gradient height the shear force is
(A) Zero
(B) Minimum
(C) Maximum
(D) None of the above
15-The gradient height is about _____ m from the ground.
(A) 500
(B) 1000
(C) 1500
(D) 2000
16-The atmosphere with uniform wind speed is called the ____ atmosphere
(A) Plain
(B) Surface
(C) Free
(D) Shear
17-Surface layer is the air layer considered from the height of local obstruction
to a height of about
(A) 50m
(B) 100m
(C) 150m
(D) 200m
18-Air layer from 100m that extends up to the gradient height is known as
(A) Surface layer
(B) Ekman layer
(C) Boundary layer
(D) None of the above
19-Low solidity rotors use which of the following force for rotation
(A) Drag
(B) Lift
(C) Centrifugal
(D) Centripetal
20-The following is the tangential velocity of the blade due to the rotation of
blade.
(A) Wind velocity
(B) Incident wind velocity
(C) Blade linear velocity
(D) Relative velocity
21-Turbines blades have ____ type cross section to extract energy from wind.
(A) Aerofoil
(B) Elliptical
(C) Rectangular
(D) All of the above
22-The Nacelle of windmill houses
(A) Gearbox
(B) Brakes
(C) Generator
(D) All of the above

TIDAL ENERGY
1. Tidal energy utilizes
a. Kinetic energy of water
b. Potential energy of water.
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these.

2.Thermal gradient in a geo thermal plant is given by

a. Heat flux * thermal conductivity

b. Heat flux / thermal conductivity
c. Thermal conductivity / heat flux
d. None of these

3.Tidal energy development needs

a. Huge capacity and long construction time.

b. Huge capacity and low construction time.
c. Low capacity and long construction time.
d. Low capacity and low construction time.

4.Tidal energy is harnessed by constructing a dam across

(a) narrow opening to the sea
(b) wide opening to the sea
(c) the river in hilly trains
(d) the river in plane areas
5.The potential of developing tidal power in India is in

a. Kutch
b. Ran
c. San joe
d. Severn

SOLAR ENERGY
1. The process of receiving an energy credit from your electric utility company
based on your solar production is called:

A: The energy exchange

B: Net Metering

C: Power lending

D: Community Solar Co-op

2. What energy saving method could save you the most on your heating and
cooling bills?

A: Turning back your thermostat 7-10 degrees for 8 hrs a day

B: Seal uncontrolled air leaks

C: Replace your top 5 used light bulbs with LEDs

D: Lower water heater temperature by a few degrees

3. Which of these fossil fuels has the highest carbon emissions?

A: Diesel Gasoline

B: Propane

C: Natural Gas

D: Coal

4. Direct Solar energy is used for

(A) Water heating
(B) Distillation
(C) Drying
(D) All of the above

5. The following is indirect method of Solar energy utilization

(A) Wind energy
(B) Biomass energy
(C) Wave energy
(D) All of the above

6. The following type of energy is stored as latent heat

(A) Thermal energy
(B) Chemical energy
(C) Electrical energy
(D) Mechanical energy

7. The function of a solar collector is to convert.......

A.Solar Energy into Electricity
B.Solar Energy radiation
C.Solar Energy thermal energy
D.Solar Energy mechanical energy

8. For satellite the source of energy is........

A.Cryogenic storage
B.Battery
C.Solar cell
D.Any of the above
9. Most widely used solar material is........
A.Arsenic
B.Cadmium
 C.Silicon
D.Steel
10. Solar cells,for power generation,entail the following major
disadvantages........
A.Variable power
B.High cost
C.Lack of availability
D.Large area requirement

11. What are the disadvantage of solar energy

(a) A large surface area is required collect the solar
(b) Daily average of solar energy varies from 4 to 7 kwh/m2
(c) Highly hazardous toxic material is used in the manufacturing of solar device.
(d) All of the above are disadvantages.
12.The material used for interconnection the solar cells in the solar panel is
(a) silicon
(b) silver
(c) aluminium
(d) copper

HYDROGEN ENERGY
1. Which of the following is very high for proton?
(a) radius
(b) ionization potential
(c) charge
(d) hydration energy

2. Loss of hydrogen atoms by an element is called

 a. hydrogenation
b. oxidation
c. reduction
d. sublimation

3. The residual product discharged by the hydrogen-oxygen cell is

____________
a) Hydrogen peroxide
b) Alcohol
c) Water
d) Potassium permanganate
4. Which of the following has minimum molecule mass.......
A.Oxygen
B.Nitrogen
C.Hydrogen
D.Water
5. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but still everybody discuss about
the energy crisis because
(a) Energy transform into different form continuously.
(b) Usable form of energy is dissipated to the surroundings in less usable forms.
(c) Energy is consumed and cannot be used again.
(d) All of these
6. Select the important factor for the site selection of a thermal power plant.
(a) Distance from the populated area
(b) Availability of fuel
(c) Availability of water
(d) Cost of plant
7. Hydropower plant are located in the
(a) desert area
(b) plane area
(c) hilly terrains
(d) none-of above
8. Biogas is a better fuel than animal dung cake because
(a) biogas has lower calorific value.
(b) animal dung cake has high calorific value
(c) biogas bums smoke and leaves no residue
(d) biogas is used as a fuel for cooking only wheareas dung cake can be used for
cooking, illuminant the lanterns.
9.In a hydropower plant -
(a) Potential energy possessed by stored water is converted into electricity
(b) Kinetic energy possessed by stored water is converted into potential energy
(c) Electricity is extracted from water
(d) Water is converted into steam to produce electricity.
10. Choose the correct statement
(a) Sun can be taken as an inexhaustible source of energy
(b) There is infinite storage of fossil fuel inside the earth
(c) Hydro and wind energy plants are non-polluting
(d) Waste from a nuclear power plant can be easily disposed off
Second set of questions from energy
1. Which Ministry is mainly responsible for research and development in
renewable energy sources such as wind power, small hydro, biogas and solar
power?
a) Human Resource Development
b) Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
c) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
d) Health and Family Welfare
2. Electrolytes conduct electricity in
(a) solid state
(b) liquid state
(c) gaseous state
(d) plasma state
3. Loss of hydrogen atoms by an element is called
(a) hydrogenation
(b) oxidation
(c) reduction
(d) sublimation
4. A fuel cell is used to convert chemical energy into ____________
a) Mechanical energy
b) Solar energy
c) Electrical energy
d) Potential energy
5. The electrolytic solution used in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is
____________
a) 75% KOH solution
b) 25% KOH solution
c) 75% NaOH solution
d) 25% NaOH solution
6. The standard emf of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is ____________
a) 1.23 V
b) 2.54 V
c) 3.96 V
d) 0.58 V
7. Solar cells are made of
(a) germanium
(b) silicon
(c) silver
(d) aluminium
8. What are the disadvantages of solar energy
(a) A large surface area is required collect the solar
(b) Daily average of solar energy varies from 4 to 7 kwh/m2
(c) Highly hazardous toxic material is used in the manufacturing of solar device.
(d) All of the above are disadvantages.
9. The temperature inside the solar cooker ranges from
(a) 500-100°C
(b) 100-140°C
(c) 150-200°C
(d) 70-80°C
10. The material used for interconnection the solar cells in the solar panel is
(a) silicon
(b) silver
(c) aluminium
(d) copper
11. Which is the ultimate source of energy?
(a) Water
(b) Sun
(c) Uranium
(d) Fossil fuels
12. A Solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly
into electricity by the ___________
a) Photovoltaic effect
b) Chemical effect
c) Atmospheric effect
d) Physical effect
13. Solar energy can be directly converted to elec-trical energy by which of the
following de-vices?
(a) solar cooker
(b) solar heater
(c) solar cell
(d) solar geyser
14. Which among the following have a large amount of installed grid interactive
renewable power capacity in India?
a) Wind power
b) Solar power
c) Biomass power
d) Small Hydro power
15. The world‟s first 100% solar powered airport located at ____________
a) Cochin, Kerala
b) Bengaluru, Karnataka
c) Chennai, Tamil Nadu
d) Mumbai, Maharashtra
16. Fossil fuels are
(a) non-renewable source of energy
(b) renewable source of energy
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
17. An ideal source of energy should have
(a) higher calorific value
(b) easy transportability
(c) easy accessibility
(d) All of these
18. The use of reflector in the solar cooker is to
(a) Decrease efficiency
(b) create green house effect
(c) increase efficiency
(d) none of these
19. A solar panel is made by combining in an arrangement
(a) solar concentrator
(b) solar cookers
(c) solar cells
(d) solar chimney
20. In order to produce solar energy during sunlight, where the energy is stored
in the batteries?
a) Nickel Sulfur
b) Zinc Cadmium
c) Nickel Cadmium
d) Nickel Zinc
21. The working fluid in ocean thermal power plant is
(a) Volatile liquid like ammonia
(b) petrol
(c) charcoal
(d) liquified petroleum gas
22. Ocean thermal energy is due to
(a) energy stored by waves in the ocean
(b) temperature difference at different levels in the ocean
(c) pressure difference at different levels in the ocean
(d) tides arising out in the ocean
23. The power generated in a windmill
(a) is more in rainy season since damp air would mean more air mass
hitting the blades
(b) depends on the height of the tower
(c) depends on wind velocity
(d) can be increased by planting tall trees close to the tower
24. Tidal energy is a farm of energy obtained from the
(a) motion of surface water in ponds
(b) ocean in the form of tidal waves
(c) tides occurs in the river water
(d) motion of the wave in sea
25. Tidal energy is harnessed by constructing a dam across
(a) narrow opening to the sea
(b) wide opening to the sea
(c) the river in hilly trains
(d) the river in plane areas
26. Wave energy is caused due to
(a) strong winds blowing across the sea
(b) kinetic energy possessed by huge waves near the sea shore
(c) potential energy possessed by the stored water
(d) both (a) and (b)
27. Where is the largest Wind Farm located in India?
a) Jaisalmer Wind Park, Rajasthan
b) Muppandal Wind Farm, Tamil Nadu
c) Vaspet Wind Farm, Maharashtra
d) Chakala Wind Farm, Maharashtra
28. Geothermal energy is
(a) Heat energy in the interior of earth
(b) energy of molten mars exists in the farm of magma inside the earth.
(c) molten lava on the surface of earth
(d) energy obtained from solar thermal electric plants
29. Which one of the following forms of energy leads to least environmental
pollution in the process of its harnessing and utilisation?
(a) Nuclear energy
(b) Thermal energy
(c) Solar energy
(d) Geothermal energy
30. Unit of calorific value of a substance is
(a) Kcal
(b) Joules
(c) J kg
(d) J/kg
31. The OTEC is constructed in __________
a) 1920
b) 1924
c) 1922
d) 1926
32. The by-product of the ocean thermal energy conversion is ____________
a) Hot water
b) Cold water
c) Chemicals
d) Gases
33. How many types of OTEC plants are there?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
34. Warm surface sea water is pumped through a ____________ to vaporise the
fluid.
a) Heat exchanger
b) Generator
c) Evaporator
d) Condenser
35. Open cycle OTEC uses ________ surface water directly to make electricity.
a) Hot
b) Warm
c) Cool
d) Icy
36. The open cycle system produces ___________ water.
a) Desalinated
b) Impure
c) Contaminated
d) Chlorinated
37. In _________ method the sea water enters a vacuum chamber and flash
evaporated.
a) Closed cycle system
b) Open cycle system
c) Hybrid OTEC
d) Neither closed nor open system
38. The working fluid chosen by Anderson OTEC cycle is ______
a) Propane
b) Water
c) Engine oil
d) ISO-butane
39. Which is the working fluid in open cycle?
a) Propane
b) Water
c) Engine oil
d) ISO-butane
40. Mining means
a) To check pollution due to mineral resources
b) to conserve and preserve the mineral resources
c) Process of extraction ores to obtain the metal of interest
d) All the above
41. Sustainable development means
a) Meeting present needs without compromising on the future needs
b) Progress in human well beings
c)Balance between human needs and the ability of Earth to provide the
resources
d) All the above
42. The most important remedy to avoid negative impact due to industrialization
is
a. Industry should be closed
b. Don‟t allow new industrial units
c. Industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal
d. Industries should be shifted far away from human habit tats.
43. Sustainable development will not aim at
a) social economic development which optimizes the economic and
societal benefits available in the present, without spoiling the likely
potential for similar benefits in the future
b) reasonable and equitably distributed level of economic well being that
can be perpetuated continually
c) Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs
d) Maximizing the present day benefits through increased resource
consumption
44. Sustainable planning considers environmental, social, and _______ impacts
of a building.
A) technological
B) economic
C) political
 Disaster Management

1. Which of the following is not a man-made hazard?

(a) Leakage of Toxic waste (b) Wars and Civil Strife (c) Drought (d)
Environmental pollution 1
2. Cyclones occurring in North Atlantic ocean are called
(a) Typhoon (b) Hurricanes (c) Tornado (d) None of the above
3. High intensity and long duration of rainfall in Tripura causes ---
(a) Earthquakes (b) Floods (c) Landslides (d) Cyclone
4. Volcanoes are generally found where
a. Intraplates pull apart or are coming together
b. Tectonic plates pull apart or are coming together
c. Earth's crust pull apart or are coming together
d. None of these pull apart or are coming together
5. Generally the number on Richter Scale ranges between –
(A) 0 and 6 (B) 0 and 9 (C) 1 to 5 (D) 1 to 12
6. Disaster Management includes:
a. Mitigation
b. Reconstruction
c. Rehabilitation
d. All of the above
7. Tsunami‟s can occur only during
a. Evening
b. Afternoon
c. Any time of the day or night
d. Morning
8. The level of harm by a hazard is governed by
a. Magnitude of the hazard
b. Frequency of the hazard
c. Intensity at the impact point
d. All of the above
9. The extent to which a community ,structure , services or geographic area is
likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard is termed as
a. Capacity
b. Vulnerability
c. Risk
d. Hazard assessment
10. Which of the following is a man-made disaster
a. Terrorism
b. Major fire
c. Pollution
d. All of the above
11. Vulnerability analysis comes in which part of the Disaster Management
Cycle
a. Mitigation
b. Preparedness
c. Response
d. Recovery
12. Floods can be prevented by
a. Afforestation
b. Cutting the forest
c. Tilling the land
d. Removing the top soil
13. Which of the following is not a component of disaster management cycle?
A) Preparedness B) Response C) Construction D) Recovery
14. What is it called when a large number of people in a community get a
disease at the same time ?
A) Influx B) Black death C) Epidemic D) Pandemic
15. In India, Cyclone is tracked through which satellite?
A) INSAT
B) IRS
C) Ocean SAT
D) None of the above
 Sustainable Mining
1. South Africa is leading exporter of which mineral?
A) Copper
B) Diamond
C) Silver
D) Gold
Answer: D
2. Which option is correct, when we only accomplish two out of three pillars of
Sustainable Development?
A) Economic + Environmental Sustainability = Viable
B) Social + Environmental Sustainability = Bearable
C) Social + Economic Sustainability = Equitable
D) None of the above
Answer: D
3.t he word „Sustainable Development‟ came into existence in the year?
A) 1992
B) 1978
C) 1980
D) 1987
Answer: C
4. After mining the huge holes left behind is used for
A) Wastewater storage
B) Waste and water storage
C) Waste Disposal
D) Waste Storage
Answer: C
5. Mercury and lead are toxic elements, which causes
A) Noise Pollution
B) Air Pollution
C) Water Pollution
D) Land contamination
Answer: D
6. The other word of Landscaping is
A) Reduction
B) Restoration
C) Removing topsoil
D) Restore
Answer: B
7. Whenever the price of the mineral remains high, the firm seeks for
A) New countries
B) Remains the same
C) New miners
D) New deposits
Answer: D
8. Which of the option is not incorporated as sustainable development
parameters?
A) Gender disparity and diversity
B) Inter and Intra-generation equity
C) Carrying capacity
D) None of the above
Answer: D

Cloud seeding
1. Select the correct meaning from following points. CLOUD SEEDING IS A
TYPE OF
i. is a type of weather modification
ii. It occurs due to ice nucleators in nature
iii. aims to change the amount or type of precipitation that falls from clouds by
dispersing substances into the air that serve as cloud condensation
iv. All
Ans : iv
2. Chemicals used for cloud seeding are.
A) silver iodide,
b) potassium iodide
c) dry ice
d)solid carbon dioxide
e) All
Ans:e

3. Coud seeding happen at the temperature about.

a) -20 and −7 °C
b) 25 and −7 °C
c) 20 and −17 °C
d) 10 and −7 °C
e) All
Ans : e

4. It is happen in "static" seeding,

a) The equilibrium vapor pressure is lower over ice than over water.
b) The formation of ice particles in supercooled clouds allows those particles to
grow at the expense of liquid droplets
c)It happen in In mid-altitude clouds
d) To develop sufficient growth takes place, the particles become heavy enough
to fall as precipitation from clouds that otherwise would produce no
precipitation
e) All
Ans : e

5. It is happen in "dynamic" seeding,

a) Warm-season or tropical cumulonimbus
b) Clouds seeks to exploit the latent heat released by freezing
c) Buoyancy, strengthens updrafts, ensures more low-level convergence
d) Ultimately causes rapid growth of properly selected clouds
e) All
Ans : e

6) Following some Chemicals used for cloud seeding are. Come under health
hazard rating
A) silver iodide,
b) potassium iodide
c) dry ice
d)solid carbon dioxide
e) All
Ans : a

7) Who suggested first idea “ shooting liquid carbon dioxide into rain clouds to
cause them to rain”
a) Wegener–Bergeron
b) Louis Gathmann
c) Bergeron–Findeisen
d) Vincent J. Schaefer
e) All
Ans : d

8) Name the scientist who discovering another method for "seeding" using
chemical silver iodide
a) Wegener–Bergeron
b) Louis Gathmann
c) Dr. Bernard Vonnegut
d) Bergeron and Walter Findeisen
e) All
Ans : c

9) In India, cloud seeding operations were conducted in the states

a) Tamil Nadu
b) Karnataka
c) Maharashtra
d) Andhra Pradesh
e) All
Ans : e
10) In addition to seeding clouds that have been considered over the years,
various other ideas for manipulating hurricanes have also been suggested.

a)cooling the ocean with cryogenic material or icebergs;

b)retardation of surface evaporation with monomolecular films
c)changing the radiational balance in the hurricane environment by
absorption of sunlight with carbon black
 d) injecting air into the centre with a huge manoeuvrable tube to raise the
central pressure
e)All
Ans : e

Carbon Trading
1) Carbon trading is the process of -------
Statement i: Buying and selling permits and credits to emit carbon dioxide
Statement ii :It is the efforts to slow climate change
a) Statement i and ii, both correct
b) Only Statement i is correct
c) Only Statement ii is correct
d) Both incorrect
Ans : a

2) Carbon Markets means---------

Statement i : Carbon Markets can potentially deliver emissions reductions over
and above what countries are doing on their own
Statement i A developed country which is unable to meet its reduction target
can provide money or technology to the brick kiln in India, and thus claim the
reduction of emission as its own
a) Statement i and ii, both correct
b) Only Statement i is correct
c) Only Statement ii is correct
d) Both incorrect
Ans : a

3) Select the correct meaning from following points .

Carbon Markets under the Paris Agreement...............
 a) The provisions relating to setting up a new carbon market are described
in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
b) Article 6.2 enables bilateral arrangements for transfer of emissions
reductions.
c) Article 6.4 talks about a wider carbon market in which reductions can be
bought and sold by anyone.
d) Article 6.8 provides for making „non-market approaches‟ available to
countries to achieve targets.
e) All
Ans : e

4) which one of the following are not comes under Paris Agreement:
f) The pact seeks to keep global temperature rise to below 2 degrees
Celsius from pre-industrial levels, and to try and limit the temperature
increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
g) To this end, each country has pledged to implement targeted action
plans that will limit their greenhouse gas emissions.
h) The Agreement asks rich and developed countries to provide financial
and technological support to the developing world in its quest to fight
and adapt to climate change
i) Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the
current high levels of Greenhouse Gas (GHGs) in the atmosphere, the
Kyoto Protocol places commitments on developed nations to undertake
mitigation targets and to provide financial resources and transfer of
technology to the developing nations
Ans : i

5) Benefits of emissions trading means .................

a) Emissions trading achieves the environmental objective – reduced

emissions – at the lowest cost.
b) Emissions trading incentivizes innovation and identifies lowest-cost
solutions to make businesses more sustainable.
c) Cap and trade has proven to be an effective policy choice.
d) Emissions trading is better able to respond to economic fluctuations than
other policy tools.
e) Cap and trade is designed to deliver an environmental outcome – the cap
must be met, or there are sanctions such as fines. Allowing trading within
that cap is the most effective way of minimising the cost – which is good
for business and good for households.
f) Determining physical actions that companies must take, with no
flexibility, is not guaranteed to achieve the necessary reductions. Nor is
establishing a regulated price, since the price required to drive reductions
may take policy-makers several years to determine.
g) By allowing the open market to set the price of carbon allows for better
flexibility and avoids price shocks or undue burdens. For example, as
seen in Europe, prices will fall during a recession as industrial output, and
thus emissions, fall. A centrally-administered tax does not have the same
flexibility.
h) The combination of an absolute cap on the level of emissions permitted
and the carbon price signal from trading helps firms identify low-cost
methods of reducing emissions on site, such as investing in energy
efficiency – which can lead to a further reduction in overheads. This
helps make business more sustainable for the future. Imposing technology
on business does not allow for creativity and can actually lead to higher
costs as companies look merely to comply with regulations.
i) Cap and trade has proven its effectiveness in the US through the acid rain
program, where it quickly and effectively reduced pollution levels at a far
lower cost than expected. The EU Emissions Trading System has shown
that cap and trade can be extended to carbon, and in doing so creates a
price on carbon that drives emissions reductions. Reductions in pollution
that industry feared would be excessively costly were achieved at a
fraction of the original estimates.
j) Emissions trading can provide a global response to a global challenge.
Cap and trade provides a way of establishing rigour around emissions
monitoring, reporting and verification – essential for any climate policy
to preserve integrity
k) All

Ans : k

6) Disadvantages of emissions trading are ...............

a) Creating a market in something with no intrinsic value such as carbon

dioxide is very difficult. You need to promote scarcity – and you have to
strictly limit the right to emit so that it can be traded.
 b) In the world‟s biggest carbon trading scheme, the EU ETS, political
interference has created gluts of permits.
c) These have often been given away for free, which has led to a collapse in
the price and no effective reductions in emissions. Another problem is
that offset permits, gained from paying for pollution reductions in poorer
countries, are allowed to be traded as well.
d) The importance of these permits in reducing carbon emissions is
questionable and the effectiveness of the overall cap and trade scheme is
also reduced
e) All

Ans:e

7) Kyoto Protocol means .................

a) The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997 and
entered into force in February 2005.
b) The first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol was from 2008-
2012. The Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Qatar
in December 2012. The amendment includes new commitments for
parties to the Kyoto Protocol who agreed to take on commitments in a
second commitment period from January 2013 to December 2020 and a
revised list of greenhouse gases to be reported on by Parties in the second
commitment period.
c) In the world‟s biggest carbon trading scheme, the EU ETS, political
interference has created gluts of permits.
d) Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the
current high levels of Greenhouse Gas (GHGs) in the atmosphere, the
Kyoto Protocol places commitments on developed nations to undertake
mitigation targets and to provide financial resources and transfer of
technology to the developing nations.
e) All

Ans:e