NCVPS Honors Chemistry

Module 2 Lesson 2
Notes

Slide 3 – What did Bohr’s model indicate? (Note – this diagram is found on your
reference tables.)
Bohr's model indicated that electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom in
specific energy levels, and that electrons can jump between these
energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy.

Slide 4 – What is an electron transition? How is it indicated on the diagram?

An electron transition is when an electron moves from one energy level
to another.

Slide 5 – How can you determine where the wavelength released from a
transition will fall in the electromagnetic spectrum?
You can determine where the wavelength released from a transition
will fall in the electromagnetic spectrum by calculating the energy
difference between the two energy levels involved in the transition
using the formula E = hf, where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant,
and f is the frequency. Then, you can use the formula c = λf, where c is
the speed of light, λ is the wavelength, and f is the frequency, to
calculate the wavelength.

Slide 6 – What happens when an electron falls to a ground state?

When an electron falls to a ground state, it releases energy in the form
of a photon. This photon has a wavelength that corresponds to the
energy difference between the higher energy level and the ground
state.

Slide 7 – How is a photon of light released?

A photon of light is released when an excited electron falls to a lower
energy level, releasing energy in the form of a photon. The energy of
the photon is proportional to the frequency of the light and inversely
proportional to its wavelength.
Slide 9 – How is the color of the photon of light determined?
The color of a photon is determined by its wavelength. Shorter
wavelengths appear blue or purple, while longer wavelengths appear
red or orange. The visible spectrum ranges from violet to red.

Slide 10 – What is the probability model?

The probability model is a mathematical representation of a random
event, consisting of a sample space and a probability function. It can
be used to calculate the probability of any event or combination of
events.

Slide 11 – How are light, energy, and heat related?

Light, energy, and heat are related through the transfer of energy.
Light is energy produced by charged particles. It can be converted into
heat, which is associated with the motion of atoms and molecules. All
forms of energy can be converted into other forms of energy.

Slide 12 – Explain the “duality” of light.

The duality of light means that light can behave as both a wave and a
particle, depending on how it is observed. When observed as a wave,
light exhibits diffraction and interference, and when observed as a
particle, it exhibits energy quantization and momentum.

Slide 13 – What is the particle-wave nature of light?

Light has a particle-wave nature, meaning it can behave as both a
wave and a particle. Its behavior depends on the method of
observation.

Slide 14 – In the electromagnetic spectrum, what is the lowest energy waves?

The highest?
The lowest energy waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are radio
waves, while the highest energy waves are gamma rays.
Slide 15 – What characteristic of EM waves does the seagull illustration
demonstrate?
The seagull illustration demonstrates the characteristic of reflection of
electromagnetic waves. When a wave encounters a surface, it can
reflect off of that surface, which is what is happening in the illustration
with the seagull and the water.

Slide 16 – What is a wavelength? What symbol represents a wavelength?

A wavelength is the distance between corresponding points on
adjacent waves, such as the distance between two peaks or two
troughs. The symbol that represents wavelength is the Greek letter
lambda (λ).

Slide 17 – What is wave frequency? How is it related to wavelength?

Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a given point per
unit time. It's measured in Hz. Frequency and wavelength are inversely
proportional: as wavelength increases, frequency decreases. The
equation f = c/λ describes this relationship.

Slide 18 – True/False Light travels as a wave and a particle. Explain your answer.
True. Light behaves as both a wave and a particle, known as
wave-particle duality.

Slide 19 and 20 – How do wavelength, frequency, and energy relate to each

other?
Energy, frequency, and wavelength are related by the equation E = hf
= hc/λ. Increasing frequency increases energy. Decreasing wavelength
increases energy.

Slide 21 – What forms the emission spectrum of an atom?

The emission spectrum of an atom is formed by the emission of light
when electrons transition from higher to lower energy levels. The
resulting pattern of lines is unique to each element.
Slide 22 – How is the transition of an atom endothermic? Exothermic?
When an electron transitions from a lower to a higher energy level, it
absorbs energy and the process is endothermic. When an electron
transitions from a higher to a lower energy level, it releases energy and
the process is exothermic.