Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

SELF LEARNING KIT

HOPE 2 11IN

LESSON TITLE:

INJURIES AND SAFETY PRACTICES IN

OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Developed by:

Writer: Jan Michael D. Tabin,TII

Reviewers: Jowell T. Pilotin, EPS-MAPEH

Charley R. Barcelona, TII

Layout Artist: Charley R. Barcelona, TII

Administrators: Jorge M. Reinante, SDS

Nestor C. Heraña, ASDS
Maria Salome R. Abero, CID Chief
Jowell T. Pilotin, EPS- MAPEH

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Welcome to Health Optimizing Physical Education!

And welcome to the use of Self- Learning -Kit!
Health Optimizing Physical Education, or otherwise known as HOPE, combines health
and physical education. It is focused on developing skills, habits, and attitudes to
maintain a healthy lifestyle and applying lessons learned to physical fitness. Health
and physical fitness go hand- in- hand, it is important for you to understand that our
health is affected by our physical activities and that our physical activities are affected
by our health as well.

In this SLK, you will be learning to observe safety protocols to avoid risk of injury
that may be caused in participating outdoor activities. You are expected to apply the
things that you will be learning from this kit. You must have a separate notebook for
this subject. Your notebook shall serve as an activity pad in accomplishing the
motivation, discussion activities, exercises, and assessment part of this SLK. Once
you finish all the activities, inform your teacher for an “on-the-phone feedback.” But if
you need clarification or further assistance, you can message your teacher via
facebook messenger or through their cellular phone number.

And hey, Enjoy learning at home!

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Observes personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration,

overexertion, hypo- and hyperthermia during MVPA
participation. PEH12FH-IIk-t-10

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify the common medical injuries in engaging in
Outdoor Recreational Activities.
2. Discuss the First Aid treatment of common medical
injuries of outdoor recreational activities.
3. Demonstrate first aid treatment of common medical
injuries in outdoor recreation.

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LESSON PROPER

MOTIVATION

Before we start your lesson, lets us first play game! Lets

call this, “Search and Rescue the Word!”

DIRECTIONS: Search up, down, forward and on diagonal to

find the hidden words. You can higliht or encircle the words
you can find. The words below are your priority words. You
can start now!

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 SHORT DISCUSSION

Were you able to find the words? If so, that’s great! Way to go!
The words you found in the previous activity are word that were
you learned in your previous lessons which is related to our
lesson for today to further avoid dehydration, overexertion,
hyperthermia and hypothermia in outdoor recreational activities.

It is well – known fact that each activity has their own set of risk and injuries
that may happen and participating in outdoor recreational activity is not exempted with
risk and injuries. Being outdoors exposes you to a lot of danger brought by the
environment itself. Some common recreation accidents and injuries includes simple
strains or sprains, cuts, abrasions, and bruises, fire-related accidents and injuries,
especially for activities such as camping, water-related injuries, especially
for fishing, boating, and water-sport activities, and skin rashes or exposure to
allergens or toxins. Since the term “recreation” covers a broad range of activities, it
also follows that there can be a wide range of injuries resulting from participating in
recreational activities beyond the aforementioned injuries. More serious cases involve
broken bones, fractures, and other similar injuries.

Now let us discuss the common medical injuries and illnesses encountered in
outdoor recreation and what first aid treatment should be administered.

1. Cuts, scrapes, and punctures

Wounds, cuts, and lacerations can be caused anywhere from rock climbing,
cutting self from a knife, and stumbling. To treat minor cuts, scrapes, and punctures:

Clean cuts with soap and water then apply antibiotic cream then cover
▪
with sterile bandage and secure using medical tape.
▪ If bleeding, apply direct pressure using clean cloth to the injury.
▪ If wound is on the arm or leg, raise limb above the heart to help slow
down bleeding.
▪ Do not apply tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe and does not
stop even with direct pressure.
Remember, emergency personnel must be called immediately if:
▪ Severe bleeding or bleeding does not stop despite pressure.
▪ You suspect there is internal bleeding (inflammation and severe pain in
the area).
▪ There is an abdominal or chest wound.
▪ Blood spurts out of wound

CUT SCRAPE PUNCTURE

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 2. Sprains, strains, and fracture

In an outdoor activity such as mountaineering, hiking or trekking, one may fall

or stumble which may lead to twisting of ankle, wrist or finger that may suffer from
sprain or strains or even fracture.
Fracture involves the breaking of a bone. Sprain is an injury which occurs as
a result of stretching or tearing of ligaments, while Strain is an injury which occurs as
a result of stretching or tearing of muscles. The symptoms are mild to severe pain,
stiffness, swelling and/or bruising. Generally, it is hard to differentiate fracture vs.
sprained/strained, however for the purposes of first aid administration the method of
treatment is the same. Therefore, when talking about sprain/strain, differ the
diagnosis, and assume it can be a break, and vice versa. Categories of strain and
sprain are:
▪ GRADE I category is mild that involves minor tearing of a ligament or
muscle.
▪ GRADE II category involves the partial tearing of the ligament or muscle.
▪ GRADE III category refers to severe injury that involves the complete
tearing of the ligament or muscle.
Grades I and II may be treated with rest, ice pack, compression, and elevation
(RICE). This means having the victim rest the injured or painful part, then applying ice
pack, compressing, or wrapping with bandage or athletic tape, and finally elevating the
injured area above heart level to minimize swelling. Grade III injuries, however, may
need further immobilization to hasten the healing process.

3. Concussion

Concussion is a traumatic brain injury that is often caused by a blow or bump

to the head or body. Cuts and bruises may be seen on the head or face. Some lose
consciousness or forget what happened before the injury; others do not. First aid
include:
▪ Treat cuts.
▪ Apply ice or compress if no ice is available.
▪ Rest until symptoms disappear.
▪ Watch out for symptoms that need emergency action

Call immediate medical help if the following occurs:

▪ One vomits repeatedly.
▪ The pupils become unequal.
▪ One looks agitated or confused.
▪ One is unconscious or passed out.
▪ One feels very drowsy.
▪ There is pain in the neck after the fall or knocked out.
▪ There is slurred speech.
▪ One experiences seizure

4. Blister
Blisters are a result of ill-fitting footwear. It is especially
seen among hikers and trekkers. Blisters can be painful and may
cause discomfort. What to do when you have blisters?
▪ Place piece of adhesive over the affected area.

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 ▪ Doughnut-shaped moleskin helps when blisters are at the bottom of foot.
▪ If blister have popped, wash area with soap and water then put antibiotic
cream.
▪ If it is absolutely necessary, drain a blister with a sterilized needle into the side
of the blister. Apply with antibacterial solution and cover with gauze dressing
and tape.

5. Burns or Scalds
Burns or scalds are injuries on
the skin caused by hot liquid or heat.
Burns are tissue damage that results
from heat, overexposure to the sun or
other radiation, or chemical or electrical
contact. Burns can be minor medical
problems or life-threatening
emergencies. The treatment
of burns depends on the location and
severity of the damage. Burn
classification can be the following:

What to do when experience burn?

For first degree burn

▪ Put affected area under running water or immerse in cool (not ice) water until
pain subsides. If no running water is available then apply compress.
▪ Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage, or clean cloth.
▪ Do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause infection.

For second degree burn

▪ Immerse in cool water for 10-15 minutes; apply compress if running water is not
available.
▪ Do not apply ice, it can lower body temperature and may cause further damage.
▪ Do not break blister or apply butter or ointment causing infection.
▪ Protect burn with sterile, non-stick bandage and secure with gauze or tape.

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 Immediately call medical help if the following occurs:

▪ Burns penetrates all layers of skin.

▪ Skin is charred looking, with white, brown, or black patches.
▪ Burn blister is larger than two inches or oozes.
▪ Hands, feet, face, or genitals are burned.
▪ The person is an infant or a senior.

6. Dehydration

Dehydration occurs when you use or lose more fluid than you take in, and your
body does not have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal functions.
Due to fluid loss, the body tends to lose essential minerals When one engages in an
outdoor activity such as biking, hiking or trekking, the risk of dehydration increases,
because as one performs an activity, there is an increase in sweating. Remember,
most of the human body is water, with an average of roughly 60%.

7. Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia refers to a group of heat-related conditions characterized by an

abnormally high body temperature, in other words, Hyperthermia is the opposite of
hypothermia. Remember that adults’ normal Body Temperature ranges from 36.5 –
37.5 degree Celsius. When you engage in any outdoor recreational activities, it
becomes a factor that will increase your body temperature!

8. Hypothermia

Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in

humans. Hypothermia is a condition that is the opposite of hyperthermia, the
excessively elevated temperature present in an overheated body. Hypothermia most
typically occurs in cold weather circumstances, where the body is inadequately
protected from the elements, or where external sources of heat are not available. The
ability of the human body to dissipate heat through perspiration and the functions of
the cardiovascular system is far better than its ability to retain heat in response to
environmental conditions.

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 EXERCISE
S
In the table provided, list down possible injuries that may
happen on the Outdoor activities provided. An Example is
given.

CAMPING HIKING/TREKKING SCUBA DIVING KAYAKING

1 Burn Hypothermia
2
3
4 strain
5
6 fracture
7
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GENERALIZATION

Now let us sum up what you have learned in this SLK!

1. There are different injuries that may happen when one
engages in outdoor reactional activities such as, Cuts,
scrapes, and punctures, Strain, sprain, fracture,
concussion, blister, burns or scalds, dehydration,
overexertion and hyperthermia.
2. Each type of injury must be given immediate first aid to
prevent further damage or injury.
3. Outdoor activities impose different injuries but they are
manageable and preventable, it does not outweigh the
benefits we can get from it.

APPLICATION

Now, you are going to apply what you have learned.

Make a video demonstration on First Aid treatment of Cuts,
scrapes, and punctures. Send your outputs to your teacher!

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 ASSESSMENT

I. TRUE or FALSE. Read the statement/s in each number and identify weather the
statement is correct or not. If it is correct, write T on the space provided, but if it is
incorrect, write F.
1. Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature above 35.0 °C
2. Dehydration occurs when you use or lose more fluid than you take in.
3. Sprain is an injury which occurs as a result of stretching or tearing of
ligaments.
4 GRADE III Sprain/ Strain category is mild that involves minor tearing of a
ligament or muscle.
5. Fracture involves the breaking of a bone.

II. Multiple Choice. Read the questions below and encircle the correct answer.

1. Which of the following can be treated with RICE as first aid for sprain/strain?
A. Grade I only C. Grade II and III
B. Grade II only D. Grade I and II

2. Which of the following should be done when bleeding is present in puncture?

A. Apply pressure on the site C. Clean it with hot water
B. Allow it to bleed D. Elevate the area.

3. Which of the following should prompt you to call a medical help immediately in
concussion?
A. When there is vomiting.
B. When the victim is conscious.
C. When the victim us awake.
D. All of the above

4. The following are first aid treatment for first degree burn except:

A. Apply ointment on burn site C. Cover with clean cloth

B. Put affected area in running water D. None

5. Blisters are painful, which of the following should you do?

A. Place piece of adhesive over the affected area C. Apply toothpaste
B. Prick the blister D. Wash with hot water

III. Essay Writing

Directions: Give your thoughts about the topic below, the composition must contain a
minimum of 300 words.

The Importance of Knowing First Aid in any Types of Outdoor Injuries.

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 REFERENCES

Book:
▪ Fernando -Callo, L., Fermin-Dajime, P. 2016 “Physical Education and Health
Volume I. pp 17 -27

Internet:
▪ https://ecprcertification.com/index.php/page/firstaid_course/31
▪ https://www.woundsource.com/patientcondition/burns-superficial-first-degree
▪ https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/classification-of-
burns#:~:text=What%20are%20the%20classifications%20of,layer%20of%20s
kin%2C%20the%20epidermis.
▪ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/symptoms-
causes/syc-
20377938#:~:text=A%20sprain%20is%20a%20stretching,be%20successfully
%20treated%20at%20home.

ANSWER KEY

Answer may vary.

TEST III. ESSAY

5. A 5. T
4. B 4. F
3. A 3. T
2. A 2. T
1. D 1. F
II. Multiple Choice I. T or F
ASSESSMENT

MOTIVATION

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