ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN RAILWAY ENGINEERING (ROLLING STOCK)

Railway Systems Planning and Operations

Management
Submitted by:
Abdurhman Suleiman
GSR/0896/15

Submitted to: MR. Benaim Alemu

Submission date: 27/04/2023

Academic Year 2022/2023
There are several countries that are known for their international best practices in railway station
construction, design, organization, and management. Some of these countries include:

1. Japan: Japan is known for its high-speed trains and modern railway stations. The country is
known for its attention to detail, cleanliness, and efficiency in railway station construction and
management. Stations in Japan often feature sleek, modern design and cutting-edge technology,
such as facial recognition ticketing systems.

2. Germany: Germany has a well-developed railway system, and its stations are known for their
functionality, safety, and accessibility. Many German stations also feature impressive architecture
and a range of services, including restaurants, shops, and cultural events.

3. France: France is home to some of the world's busiest railway stations, including Paris Gare du
Nord, which is the busiest station in Europe. French railway stations are known for their efficient
organization, cleanliness, and range of services, including shops, restaurants, and entertainment
options.

4. Singapore: Singapore is known for its efficient and well-designed railway stations, which are
among the most modern in the world. The country's railway stations are equipped with cutting-
edge technology, such as smart ticketing and real-time information displays, and are known for
their cleanliness and accessibility.
5. China: China has invested heavily in its railway infrastructure in recent years, and the country's
stations are among the largest and most modern in the world. Chinese railway stations often
feature impressive architecture, a range of services, and cutting-edge technology.

These countries have been recognized for their innovative approaches to railway station construction,
design, organization, and management, and their best practices can serve as a model for other countries
seeking to improve their own railway infrastructure.
Singapore has a well-developed railway network that connects the island city-state with Malaysia and
Thailand. While the railway network is not extensive within Singapore, there are several railway stations
that are important transport hubs for commuters and tourists alike. In this article, we will discuss the
various railway stations in Singapore.

1. Woodlands Train Checkpoint: This is the main railway station in Singapore that connects the
island city-state with Malaysia. It is located in the northern part of Singapore and is the last stop
for all KTM (Keretapi Tanah Melayu) trains that run between Singapore and Malaysia. The
station is equipped with all modern amenities such as ticket counters, waiting rooms, and food
outlets(Woodlands Train Checkpoint (Woodlands CIQ) • RailTravel Station, n.d.).

2. Tanjong Pagar Railway Station: Located in the central business district of Singapore, the
Tanjong Pagar Railway Station is a historic railway station that was built in 1932. It was the main
railway station in Singapore before the Woodlands Train Checkpoint was constructed. The station
has been preserved as a national monument and currently serves as a venue for events and
exhibitions(Tanjong Pagar Railway Station | Remember Singapore | Railway Station, Best Places
in Singapore, Cantonment, n.d.).
3. Jurong Railway Station: Located in the western part of Singapore, the Jurong Railway Station
was a major railway station that served the industrial area of Jurong in the past. The station has
been converted into a heritage site and currently serves as a recreational area for visitors(Jurong
East MRT Station | Land Transport Guru, n.d.).

4. Bukit Timah Railway Station: Located in the central part of Singapore, the Bukit Timah
Railway Station is another historic railway station that was built in 1903. It served as the main
railway station for passengers traveling to and from Malaysia. However, the station has been
closed since 2011 and is now a popular tourist destination(Bukit Timah Railway Station - Google
Search, n.d.).
 5. Kranji Railway Station: Located in the northern part of Singapore, the Kranji Railway Station
is a small railway station that serves the local community. It is the last stop for local trains that
run between Tanjong Pagar and Kranji(Kranji MRT Station – Bus Stop 45139 Overview | Land
Transport Guru, n.d.).

In conclusion, Singapore has several railway stations that are important transport hubs for commuters and
tourists alike. While some of these stations have been preserved as historic sites, others continue to serve
as major transport hubs for travelers. The railway network in Singapore is well-developed and offers a
convenient mode of transportation for those traveling to and from Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand.

WHAT MAKES SINGAPORE RAILWAY STATIONS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER

COUNTRY RAILWAY STATION?

Singapore does not have an extensive railway network, but the country does have a few notable railway
stations, including the Tanjong Pagar Railway Station, which is now a national monument. Here are a
few things that make Singapore's railway stations different from those in other countries:

1. Modern Facilities: Singapore's railway stations are known for their modern facilities, including
air-conditioning, clean washrooms, and easy-to-use ticketing systems.

2. Safety: Singapore's railway stations are known for their safety. The stations are well-lit and well-
maintained, and there are security cameras and security personnel to ensure the safety of
passengers.
 3. Accessibility: Singapore's railway stations are easily accessible by public transport, making it
easy for commuters to reach their destinations.

4. Cleanliness: Singapore is known for its cleanliness, and this extends to its railway stations. The
stations are regularly cleaned, and there are bins and recycling bins available for passengers to
dispose of their trash.

5. Integration with other modes of transport: Singapore's railway stations are integrated with
other modes of transport, such as buses and taxis, making it easy for passengers to continue their
journey beyond the station.

Overall, Singapore's railway stations are known for their modern facilities, safety, accessibility,
cleanliness, and integration with other modes of transport, which make them stand out from railway
stations in other countries.

The following lists are the general requirement for best practice in railway stations based on design,
construction, operation and management.

Design:

• Accessibility for passengers with disabilities

• Easy navigation and clear signage

• Adequate space for passenger circulation

• Adequate space for baggage storage

• Adequate seating for passengers waiting for their train

• Adequate number of ticketing counters and machines

• Adequate restrooms facilities

• Adequate ventilation and lighting

• Aesthetically pleasing design that reflects local culture

• Integration with local transportation systems

Construction:

• Use of high-quality materials and construction techniques

• Consideration of environmental impact
• Compliance with local building codes and regulations
 • Use of sustainable materials and energy-efficient systems
• Adequate safety measures during construction
• Adequate noise and vibration control measures

Operation:

• Efficient train schedules and timetables

• Adequate staffing levels for ticketing, customer service, security, and maintenance
• Effective crowd control measures during peak travel times
• Efficient luggage handling and storage
• Clear communication with passengers regarding train delays, cancellations, and other important
information
• Adequate security measures to ensure the safety of passengers and staff

Management:

• Effective management of finances and resources

• Effective communication with stakeholders, including local authorities, passengers, and staff
• Continuous monitoring and evaluation of station operations to identify areas for improvement
• Implementation of customer feedback mechanisms to improve passenger experience
• Development of long-term plans for station maintenance, upgrades, and expansion
• Compliance with local regulations and laws related to railway station management.

BEST TRAIN STATION IN SINGAPORE

The best train station in Singapore is subjective and may depend on various factors such as location,
accessibility, facilities, and personal preferences. However, one of the most iconic and popular train
stations in Singapore is the "Tanah Merah MRT Station."

Tanah Merah MRT Station is an interchange station that serves as a transfer point between the East West
Line (EWL) and the Changi Airport Branch Line of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system in Singapore.
Located in the eastern part of Singapore, Tanah Merah MRT Station is known for its modern design,
cleanliness, and efficient connectivity to both the city center and Changi Airport. It also offers various
facilities such as escalators, lifts, fare gates, and passenger information systems, making it a convenient
and user-friendly station for commuters and travelers alike(Tanah Merah MRT Station - Google Search,
n.d.).

In addition to Tanah Merah MRT Station, other notable train stations in Singapore include Orchard MRT
Station, Raffles Place MRT Station, and Jurong East MRT Station, which are known for their central
locations and connectivity to popular destinations in Singapore. Ultimately, the "best" train station in
Singapore may vary depending on individual needs and preferences, so it's recommended to plan your
route and choose a station that best fits your specific requirements.

BASED ON DESIGN

Tanah Merah MRT Station is often lauded for its innovative and functional design, which incorporates
several elements that make it stand out among other Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations. Some factors
that contribute to the station's recognition as being well-designed include(Hulme et al., 1989):

I. Aesthetics: Tanah Merah MRT Station features a modern and sleek design with a distinctive
exterior facade that incorporates natural elements, such as wood and greenery, creating an
appealing visual aesthetic. The station's architecture is visually striking and serves as a landmark
in the surrounding area.

II. Accessibility: The station is designed to be accessible to all commuters, including those with
disabilities. It features barrier-free access with ramps, elevators, and tactile guidance systems for
the visually impaired, making it inclusive and user-friendly for people of all abilities.

III. Integration with the surroundings: Tanah Merah MRT Station is seamlessly integrated into its
surroundings, with careful consideration given to the station's layout and landscaping to
harmonize with the nearby residential and natural environment. The station is designed to blend
in with the surrounding greenery, creating a sense of continuity with the adjacent park and
providing a pleasant environment for commuters.

IV. Efficient passenger flow: The station's layout is designed to ensure smooth passenger flow, with
clear signage, wide platforms, and well-placed entrances and exits. The station is designed to
minimize congestion and provide a comfortable commuting experience for passengers, with
ample space for waiting and boarding trains.
V. Sustainability: Tanah Merah MRT Station incorporates sustainable features, such as energy-
efficient lighting, rainwater harvesting, and green walls, which help to reduce its environmental
impact and promote sustainability. The station's design takes into consideration the local climate
and environment, making it an eco-friendly transportation hub.
VI. Safety and security: The station's design prioritizes safety and security, with features such as
well-lit areas, surveillance cameras, and emergency intercoms strategically placed throughout the
station. Commuters can feel secure while using the station, knowing that their safety is considered
in its design.
Overall, Tanah Merah MRT Station's best-in-class design can be attributed to its aesthetic appeal,
accessibility, integration with the surroundings, efficient passenger flow, sustainability features, and focus
on safety and security. These factors combine to create a well-designed and user-friendly transportation
hub that enhances the commuting experience for passengers(Tanah Merah MRT Station - Google Search,
n.d.).

BASED ON CONSTRUCTION

when evaluating the quality of construction for a mass rapid transit (MRT) station.

1. Design and Engineering: A well-designed MRT station takes into account factors such as passenger
flow, accessibility, safety, and efficiency. The station should have a layout that allows for easy
navigation and clear signage, with well-planned entrances, exits, platforms, and concourses. The
engineering of the station should be structurally sound, taking into consideration the soil conditions,
load-bearing capacity, and durability of the materials used.

2. Construction Quality: High-quality construction practices and materials are critical in ensuring the
longevity and safety of an MRT station. This includes proper installation of foundations, structural
elements, electrical and mechanical systems, and finishes. Attention to detail during construction,
adherence to relevant building codes and regulations, and regular quality control checks are important
aspects of ensuring that the station is built to the highest standards.

3. Safety Features: Safety is paramount in the construction of an MRT station. This includes fire safety
measures, such as fire-resistant materials, smoke detectors, and fire suppression systems. Adequate
lighting, emergency exits, and signage are also essential for passenger safety. The station should be
designed and constructed to withstand natural disasters and other potential hazards.
4. Accessibility: A well-constructed MRT station should be accessible to all passengers, including those
with disabilities. This includes features such as barrier-free entrances, ramps, elevators, tactile
 guidance systems, and audible announcements for visually impaired passengers. Proper consideration
of accessibility during the construction process is important in ensuring that the station is inclusive
and accommodating to all users.
5. Sustainability: As environmental concerns become more important, sustainable construction
practices are increasingly being incorporated into modern infrastructure projects, including MRT
stations. This may include the use of environmentally friendly materials, energy-efficient lighting,
water-saving features, and waste management strategies.
6. Timely Completion: Construction projects, including MRT stations, should be completed within the
scheduled timeline to minimize disruptions to the public and ensure efficient operations. Delays in
construction can result in additional costs and inconvenience to commuters.

It's important to note that the "best" construction practices for an MRT station may vary depending on
local regulations, project requirements, and technological advancements at the time of construction.
Detailed evaluations of the construction quality of Tanah Merah MRT Station would require up-to-date
information and expertise from relevant authorities, engineers, and construction professionals involved in
the project.

BASED ON OPERATION

General information about what factors might contribute to a well-operated MRT station(Soh et al.,
2010a).

1. Efficient Train Operations: A well-operated MRT station should have a smooth and efficient
train operation system. This includes timely arrivals and departures of trains, minimal delays or
disruptions, and effective coordination between station staff, train operators, and other relevant
parties.
2. Passenger Safety and Security: The safety and security of passengers are of paramount
importance in a well-operated MRT station. This includes ensuring that platforms, escalators,
elevators, and other facilities are well-maintained and in good working condition. Adequate
safety measures such as proper signage, barriers, and emergency response systems should also be
in place.

3. Customer Service: Tanah Merah MRT Station should have friendly, knowledgeable, and helpful
station staff who can provide timely and accurate information to passengers, address their
concerns or issues, and ensure smooth passenger flow within the station.

4. Accessibility: Accessibility features such as barrier-free access for passengers with disabilities,
well-designed and maintained elevators, escalators, ramps, and tactile guide paths for visually
impaired passengers are important aspects of a well-operated MRT station. These features ensure
that the station is inclusive and caters to the needs of all passengers.

5. Cleanliness and Maintenance: Tanah Merah MRT Station is clean, well-maintained, and free
from litter or debris. Regular cleaning schedules, proper waste management, and routine
maintenance of facilities and equipment are crucial to ensure a pleasant environment for
passengers and to minimize any potential safety hazards.
6. Effective Communication and Information Systems: Clear and effective communication
systems, including public announcements, digital displays, and signage, are essential for
providing timely and accurate information to passengers about train schedules, station facilities,
safety notices, and other important updates.
7. Integration with Other Modes of Transportation: A Tanah Merah MRT Station is well-
connected and integrated with other modes of transportation, such as bus interchanges, taxi
stands, bicycle parking facilities, and pedestrian walkways. This provides passengers with
convenient and seamless transfers between different modes of transportation, enhancing the
overall travel experience.
These are some of the factors that may contribute to a well-operated MRT station. It's important to note
that the operational performance of a station can vary over time and may be subject to various factors
such as changes in technology, maintenance schedules, and unforeseen circumstances(Hulme et al.,
1989).

BASED ON MANAGEMENT

General factors that can contribute to the perceived quality of management at a Mass Rapid Transit
(MRT) station like Tanah Merah MRT Station(Soh et al., 2010b). These may include:
1. Efficient Operations: Tanah Merah MRT Station which ensure that its operations are smooth
and efficient. This could include timely train arrivals and departures, minimal disruptions, and
effective crowd management to ensure passenger safety and convenience.

2. Cleanliness and Maintenance: Tanah Merah MRT Station is clean and well-maintained. This
would involve regular cleaning and maintenance of the station's facilities, platforms, escalators,
elevators, and other amenities to provide a pleasant and safe environment for passengers.

3. Customer Service: Tanah Merah MRT Station have good management would prioritize
excellent customer service. This could involve friendly and helpful station staff, clear signage and
information, and prompt response to passenger inquiries and feedback.

4. Safety and Security: Tanah Merah MRT Station prioritize safety and security. This could
include measures such as surveillance systems, emergency preparedness, and well-trained staff to
ensure the safety of passengers and their belongings.
5. Accessibility: Tanah Merah MRT Station prioritize accessibility for all passengers, including
those with disabilities or special needs. This could include features such as barrier-free access,
tactile guidance systems, and priority seating for those in need.
6. Efficient Fare Collection: Tanah Merah MRT Station ensure that the fare collection system at
the MRT station is efficient, reliable, and user-friendly. This could include ticketing machines
that are easy to use, functional card readers, and efficient fare gates.
7. Timely Maintenance and Upgrades: Tanah Merah MRT Station would prioritize regular
maintenance and timely upgrades of its facilities and systems to ensure that they are in good
working condition and meet the evolving needs of passengers.

Overall, a combination of efficient operations, cleanliness, excellent customer service, safety and
security measures, accessibility, efficient fare collection, and timely maintenance and upgrades are
some of the factors that can contribute to the perception of good management at an MRT station like
Tanah Merah MRT Station. It's important to note that the perception of "best" management may vary
depending on individual preferences and experiences(Soh et al., 2010b).
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