Light and Architectural

Lighting Systems

(Light Sources…continuation)
 High Intensity Discharge Lamps
High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps generate light by passing an
electric current through a gas containing the vapors of certain
metals. The current produces an arc or discharge of light contained
within a high-temperature, high pressure enclosure called an arc
tube.
Characteristics:
• High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps are designed to emit a
great deal of light from a compact, long-life light source. They are
most often used for street and parking lot lighting and for large
indoor spaces like gymnasiums and industrial work floors.
Types of HID Lamps:
• Metal Halide Lamps
• Sodium Lamps
• Mercury Vapor Lamps
 Metal Halide Lamps
Metal-halide lamp – is an
electric lamp that produces light
by an electric arc through a
gaseous mixture of vaporized
mercury and metal halides
(compounds of metals with
bromine or iodine).
Characteristics:
• Produce better coloring effect
among HID lamps
• Life span is shorter compared
to a mercury lamp

Types of Metal Halide Lamps

• PAR lamps
• MR16 lamps
• Single-ended T lamps
 Sodium Lamps
Sodium-vapor lamp – is a gas-discharge
lamp that uses sodium in an excited state
to produce light.
Characteristics:
• Small in size
• Life span is longer
• High lumen output
• Does not start instantly but warm-up
period is shorter than that of the
mercury lamp
Types of Sodium Lamps:
• High pressure sodium lamps (HPS)
• Low-pressure sodium lamps (LPS)

Applications:
• Roads, parking lots, heavy industrial
workplaces, warehouses, security
lighting for HPS
• Security lighting for LPS
 Mercury Vapor Lamps

• Mercury-vapor lamp – is a gas

discharge lamp that uses an
electric arc through vaporized
mercury to produce light.
 Luminous Flux of
Various Types of Lamps
Lumen efficiency Lumen output
Description of Lamp
per watt at 230 volts
80 watts – 5 ft. warm white 58 4640
Fluorescent lamp 20 watts – 4 ft. warm white 60 2400
20 watts – 2 ft. warm white 45 920
40 watts 10 400
60 watts 12 720
100 watts 13.80 1380
150 watts 14 2100
Incandescent lamp
200 watts 14.75 2950
300 watts 16 4800
500 watts 16.9 8450
1000 watts 19 19000
 Luminous Flux of
Various Types of Lamps
Lumen efficiency Lumen output
Description of Lamp
per watt at 230 volts
80 watts 31 2480
Mercury discharge 125 watts 31 3875
lamp 250 watts 35 8750
400 watts 39 15600
45 watts 50 2250
Sodium discharge 60 watts 57 3420
lamp 85 watts 65 5525
140 watts 70 9800
 New Technologies

• LED
• Fiber optics
 LED Lights

• Latest and most exciting

light source yet invented
• Most likely light source of
the future
Characteristics:
• Monochromatic
• Very high efficiency
• Very long life
• No radiation
 Fiber Optics as Special Effect

• End-emitting fiber
twinkle effects (star fields)
in-water effects (ponds and
water features)
• Side Emitting fiber
outlining
shapes
 Fiber optics
as Display Lighting
• Uses special optical
elements (small
lenses)
• Each fiber emits a
very small amount
of light
• Maximum bundle is
about 300 cd at 30
degree
• Virtually no UV or IR
• Requires a low
ambient light space
like a fine museum
THANK
YOU.