PART:2

INDUSTRIAL VISIT TO KRISHNARAJA SAGAR DAM,

MANDYA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY:

Krishna Raja Sagara, also popularly known as KRS, is a lake and the dam that creates
it. They are close to the settlement of Krishna Raja Sagara in the Indian State of Karnataka.
The gravity dam made of surki mortar is below the confluence of river Kaveri with its
tributaries Hemavati and Lakshmana Tirtha, in the district of Mandya.
Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV Maharaj of Mysore constructed the dam during the famine
despite the critical financial condition in State. It was after him that the dam was named.
There is an ornamental garden, Brindavan Gardens, attached to the dam.
This place known as a ‘Tourists paradise’ With a view to supply water to the hydro-
electric power station at Shivanamudra, drinking water to the Mysore City, as well as for a
continuous supply of Kaveri water to irrigational purposes.
The walls are measuring a length of 2,621 metres (8,600 feet) and a height of 39 metres (128
feet), the dam has a reservoir with a huge area of 130 square kilometres (32,123 acres).
The total drainage area of the river is 75105.55 square kms. (29000 square miles) of which
33670 square kms. (13000 square miles) lie in Karnataka State.
A siren is used for flood warning system in Krishnarajasagara Dam. A siren system is
commissioned as soon as monsoon commences. Siren alert will be given to the people
residing in the downstream area of the Dam, 72 Hours before releasing of flood water from
the reservoir.
Salient Features of Krishnarajasagara Dam:
1. Name of the River: Cauvery
2. Location of Dam: Near Kannambadi village in Srirangapatna taluk, Mandya
district.
3. Longitude: 76° 34’30” E
4. Latitude: 12° 25’ 30”N
5. Purpose: Multipurpose
6. Catchment Area: 10880.63sq.km
7. Mean Annual Rainfall: 160.96 cm (63.37”)
8. Gross storage capacity: 1400 MCM (49.452 TMC)
9. Dead storage capacity: 124.62 MCM (4.401 TMC)
10. Live storage capacity: 1275.38 MCM(45.051 TMC)
11. Maximum water spread area: 129.24 sq.km (49.90 sq. miles)
12. Lowest River bed level RL: 714.45 m from MSL
13. FRL RL: 752.48 m
14. Top of Dam RL: 754.32 m
15. Type of Dam: Gravity dam constructed in stone masonry with surki mortar
16. Length of Dam: 2620 m
17. Top width: 4.12m
18. Lowest foundation level RL: 709.66 m
19. Maximum height of the dam from deepest foundation level: 44.66 m
(MSL 754.32 m – MSL 709.66 m)
20. Maximum height of the dam above lowest river bed level: 39.87m
(MSL 754.32 m – MSL 714.45 m)
21. Bottom width of dam at deepest foundation level: 33.88 m
22. Surplus sluices: +80’ level – 16 gates
+103’ level – 48 gates
+106’ level – 40 gates
+114’ level – 48 gates
23. Designed discharge of spillway: 9911 cumecs (350000 cusecs)
24. Power generation at the dam site: 20MW
25. Discharge of first 40 sluice gates: 1842 cusec

 The working of the opening and closing of the flood gates and their
mechanisms were explained in detail. The dam which was built in 1911 and
functional by 1932, spans over 2.621km and has a catchment area of 10880.63
sq.km.
 Grouting and pointing operations done on the dam were explained in detail.
 The sluice gates were being renovated by means of cables and ropeways
 Apart from the power generation application, the dam is also the
major source of irrigation in the fertile lands of Mysore and Mandya.
 It also provides drinking water supply for Mysore and large parts of
Bangalore. It is also a major source of water supply for the state of Tamil
Nadu. The whole experience was indeed an enlightening one.
 PART:1
EXCERSISE ON COLLECTED RAINFALL DATA
ANNUAL RAINFALL:
It is the average yearly rainfall over an area.

MEASUREMENT OF RAINFALL:
Precipitation is expressed in terms of the depth to which rainfall water could stand on area if
all the rain were collected on it.
The precipitation is collected and measured in a raingauge.
A raingauge is essentially consists of a cylindrical vessel assembly kept in the open to collect
O
Raingauge can be broadly classified into two categories as :
1) Non-recording rain gauges – Symons’ rain gauge
2) Recording rain gauges –
 Tipping bucket type
 Weighing bucket type
 Natural-Syphon type
 Telemetering rain gauges
 Radar measurement of rainfall

1)FINDING OPTIMUM NUMBER OF RAIN GAUGE STATION

Formula used: N=(CV/ɛ)2
Where, N=optimum no. of stations
ɛ=allowable degree of error in the estimation of the mean rainfall
Cv=coefficient of variation of the rainfall values at the existing m stations
(%)
Cv=(100*σm-1)/Pm
σm-1=(i=mi=1 Σ (Pi-Pm)2/(m-1))1/2 = standard deviation
Pi=precipitation magnitude in the ith station
Pm=( im ΣPi)/m= mean precipitation
m=6
Pm=(101.72+97.42+103.43+91.69+94.65+103.22)/6=98.69cm
σm-1=48.8
assuming ɛ=10
Cv=(100*σm-1)/Pm=49.45
N=4.94=5 number of raingauges

2)ESTIMATION OF MISSING DATA

BY USING NORMAL RATIO METHOD
Formula used:
PX=(NX/M)*((P1/N1)+(P2/N2)+…)
Considering for the year 2021

By using the above formula,

We got the missing value of rainfall for Kolar station to be 109.23cm, which was close to the
actual value of 103.22cm.
3)TEST FOR CONSISTENCY OF RECORD
The checking for inconsistency of a record is done by DOUBLE MASS CURVE.
Accumulated annual precipitation at X (ΣPx)
Accumulated annual rainfall of 5 stations (ΣPav)
 cummulative rainfall at station M (mm) double mass curve
8000.000
7000.000
6000.000
5000.000
4000.000
3
3000.000
2000.000
1000.000
0.000
0.000 1000.000 2000.000 3000.000 4000.000 5000.000 6000.000 7000.000 8000.000
cummulative rainfall of 5 stations (mm)

YEARS MOVING MEAN

3 YEAR MOVING MEAN

800 819.878
ANNUAL RAINFALL (MM)

654.783 654.783641.600
600 587.403 587.400
508.306490.725 506.836
400

200

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
YEAR
5 YEARS MOVING MEAN

5 YEAR MOVING MEAN

800
754.71833332
700
649.51
ANNUAL RAINFALL(MM)

600 616.99166668 610.83833334

566.89333334
500 519.43666668
512.40333336

400
300
200
100
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
YEAR