CHUYÊN ĐỀ: ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ, MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

PHẦN 1: Mét sè vÊn ®Ò c¬ b¶n vÒ mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ vµ ®¹i tõ quan hÖ

TiÕng Anh cã 2 lo¹i c©u :

- C©u ®¬n gi¶n: là c©u cã mét thµnh phÇn vµ chØ cÇn nh vËy c©u còng cã ®ñ nghÜa .
- C©u phøc hîp : lµ lo¹i c©u cã hai thµnh phÇn (hai mÖnh ®Ò) chÝnh / phô nèi víi nhau b»ng ®¹i tõ quan hÖ
Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc tr¹ng từ quan hệ như When, Where, Why.
Mệnh đề quan hệ còng được gọi là mệnh đề tÝnh ngữ (adjective clause) v× nã được dïng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ
đứng trước nã.
MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ trong tiÕng anh gåm cã hai lo¹i sau:
+ MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh ( defining).
+ MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh ( non-defining).

A. MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh / h¹n ®inh.

I. §Þnh nghÜa.
MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh ®øng sau danh tõ cha ®îc x¸c ®Þnh, nã thªm mét th«ng tin cÇn thiÕt cho danh tõ
®øng tríc vµ kh«ng thÓ bá ®i ®îc. Truíc vµ sau mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ th× kh«ng cã dÊu phÈy.
Ex: The man who told me this refused to give me his name.
Trong c©u nµy “who told me this” lµ mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh)
II. C¸ch dïng.
MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh thêng ®îc dïng theo sau:
+ The + Noun.
+ A/AN + Noun.
+ Danh tõ sè nhiÒu kh«ng cã the.
+ §¹i tõ ( all, none, anybody, those….)
Ex: The book is about a girl who falls in love .
III. C¸c lo¹i ®¹i tõ quan hÖ trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh vµ c¸c h×nh thøc cña chóng.

Chñ ng÷ T©n ng÷ Së h÷u.

Cho ngêi: Who Who/ Whom Whose.

That That.
Cho vËt: Which Which Whose
That. That Of Which.

1. §¹i tõ quan hÖ dïng cho ngêi: Who/ That.

a. Chñ ng÷.
§¹i tõ quan hÖ Who thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngêi (he,she, we , you, they) lµm chñ ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò phô. Cã
thÓ thay Who b»ng That.
Ex1: The man is friendly. He lives next door. -> The man who lives next door is friendly.
Ex2: We know a lot of people. They live in London. -> We know a lot of people who live in London.

Khi Who/ That /Which lµ t©n ng÷ th× ta cã thÓ lîc bá ®¹i tõ quan hª.
Ex: The woman was away on holiday. I wanted to see the woman.
-> The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday.
Or -> The woman I wanted to see was away on holiday.

b. Tóc tõ cña mét ®éng tõ: Whom/ Who/ That.

H×nh thøc cña tóc tõ lµ Whom. Trong TiÕng anh nãi ta thêng dïng Who hay that (That th«ng dông h¬n Who)
vµ phæ biÕn h¬n lµ ta bá ®¹i tõ lµm tóc tõ.
Ex: The man whom I saw told me to come back today.
Or The man I saw told me to come back today.
§¹i tõ quan hÖ Whom thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngêi lµm t©n ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò phô. Cã thÓ thay who/
whom b»ng that hoÆc cã thÓ rót gän.
Ex: The boy is my son. You see him at the door.
->The boy whom you see at the door is my soon.

§¹i tõ quan hÖ whom/ who thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngêi lµm t©n ng÷ giíi tõ trong mÖnh ®Ò phô. Cã thÓ ®¶o giíi
tõ lªn tríc ®¹i tõ quan hÖ whom / who nhng kh«ng dïng that.
Ex: The man is their teacher. They are talking to him.
-> The man who(m)/ that they are talking to is their teacher.
->The man they are talking to is their teacher.
->The man to who(m) they are talking is their teacher.

c. Së h÷u: Whose.
Ta dïng Whose trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ thay thÕ cho tÝnh tõ së h÷u (his, her, their..)
Ex1: We saw some people.Their car had broken down.
->We saw some people whose car had broken.

Ex2: A widow is a woman. Her husband is dead.

->A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.

Ex 3: What’s the name of the man? His car you borrowed.

->What’s the name of the man whose car you borrowed?

2. §¹i tõ quan hÖ dïng cho vËt.

a. Chñ tõ: Which/ That.
MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ Which ®îc dïng ®Ó thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ v©t lµm chñ ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò phô.
Cã thÓ thay thÕ which b»ng that, nhng Which ®îc dïng th«ng dông h¬n.
Ex1: Tom bought a house. It has a bedroom and a kitchen.
->Tom bought a house which has bedroom and a kitchen.
Ex 2: Can you see my pen? It’s lying on that table.
->Can you see my pen which is lying on that table?

b. T©n ng÷ cña mét ®éng tõ.

§¹i tõ quan hÖ which thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ vËt lµm t©n ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò phô. Cã thÓ thay which
b»ng that, hoÆc cã thÓ bá ®¹i tõ quan hÖ ®i.
Ex1: The book is mine. You see it on the table.
->The book which (that) you see on the table is mine.
Which kh«ng bao giê dïng sau : all, everything, little, much, none, no, vµ c¸c h×nh thøc kÐp cña no hay sau
c¸c cùc cÊp. Thay v× chóng ta dïng that hay bá ®¹i tõ quan hÖ nÕu nã lµ tóc tõ cña mét ®éng tõ.
Ex : - All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs.
- This is the best hotel (that) I know.

c. Tóc tõ cña mét giíi tõ.

CÊu tróc th«ng thêng lµ giíi tõ + Which nhng th«ng dông h¬n lµ ®a giíi tõ ®Õn cuèi mÖnh ®Ò.
Cã thÓ dïng which / that hoÆc bá ®¹i tõ quan hÖ.
Ex: The book is very interesting. You are talking about it.
->The book about which you are talking is very interesting.
->The book which you are talking about is very interesting.

d. Së h÷u : Whose/ of which.

Examples: John found a cat. Its leg was broken
- John found a cat whose leg was broken.
- John found a cat the leg of which was broken.
●Lưu ý:
1. C¸c trường hợp dïng THAT
- That được dùng khi danh từ trước nã chỉ cả người, vật.
I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.
- That được dïng sau đại từ bất định: all, everything/something,…….
- That được dïng thay thế cho who/whom/which trong MĐQH XĐ
- That được dïng trong c©u b×nh phẩm cã chứa so s¸nh h¬n nhất
- That được dïng trong cấu tróc It was not until ... that ...
It was not until very late at night that my father came home.
- That được dïng trong c©u chẻ: It was/ is ... that
My mother gave me a book on my birthday.
It was my mother that/ who gave me a book on my birthday.
It was me that my mother gave a book on my birthday.
It was a book that my mother gave me on my birthday.
It was on my birthday that my mother gave me a book.,
- “THAT” kh«ng bao giờ được dïng SAU DẤU PHẨY, SAU GIỚI TỪ,.

2. Nếu Who, Whom, Which, That làm t©n ngữ ( MĐ QH XĐ) th× ta cã thể bỏ đi.
VD: She’s the person who(m) I met at the party.
She ’s the person I met at the party.
Have you ever seen the dress that I’ve just bought?
Have you ever seen the dress I’ve just bought?

3. Khi trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ chøa giíi tõ ë cuèi c©u vµ ®¹i tõ quan hÖ chÝnh lµ t©n ng÷ cña giíi tõ th× cã thÓ
lîc bá ®¹i tõ quan hÖ
Examples: - Is that the man (who) you arrived with?
- Do you know the girl (that) John is talking to?
Khi giíi tõ ®øng tríc ®¹i tõ quan hÖ th× kh«ng thÓ lîc bá ®¹i tõ quan hÖ
Giíi tõ + whom (chØ ngêi)/ which (chØ vËt)
Examples: - The person with whom he is negotiating is the Chairman of a large company.
- It is a society to which many important people belong.

4. C¸c trạng từ quan hệ cã thể thay thế bằng Pre+which:

where = in/ at/ on which : This is the house in which (where) I was born
When = on/ in/ at which : I will never forget the day on which (when) I met you.
Why = for which : The reason for which (why) he work here is high salary.

5. Mệnh đề quan hệ kh«ng x¸c định cã thể bắt đầu bằng c¸c côm từ: all of, any of, (a) few of, both of, either of, half
of, many of, most of, much of, none of, one of…
Examples: - There are thirty students in my class, most of whom are with me at secondary school.
- He was carrying his belongings, many of which were broken.

B. MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh.

I. §Þnh nghÜa.
MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh ®îc ®Æt sau c¸c danh tõ ®· ®îc x¸c ®Þnh råi. V× thÕ chóng kh«ng
x¸c ®Þnh danh tõ, ®¬n thuÇn chØ thªm mét ®iÒu g× ®ã cho nã cã thªm th«ng tin, kh«ng gièng nh c¸c mÖnh ®Ò
quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh, chóng kh«ng cÇn thiÕt ë trong c©u vÇ cã thÓ bá ®i. Tríc vµ sau mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c
®Þnh th× cã dÊu phÈy.

Ex: - The man , whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike.

- This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week.
 - Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar.
II.C¸ch dïng.
MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh ®îc dïng khi danh tõ ®øng tríc lµ:
+ Danh từ riªng ( Mr David, . . . )
+ TÝnh từ sở hữu : ( Ex: My cat, which I love very much, is white)
+ cã c¸c đại từ chỉ định : this , that ,these , those
+ cã c¸c nhãm từ phụ nghĩa : (Ex: The car in the garage , which is red, is very expensive)
III.C¸c lo¹i ®¹i tõ quan hÖ dïng trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh.

Chñ ng÷ T©n ng÷ Së h÷u.

Cho ngêi Who Whom/ Who Whose
Cho vËt Which Which Whose/ of Which

1. §¹i tõ quan hÖ dïng cho ngêi.

a. Chñ ng÷ : Who.
Kh«ng dïng ®¹i tõ nµo kh¸c ngoµi Who.
Ex1: My teacher has a lot of experiences.
He has been teaching for 10 years.
->My teacher, who has been teaching for 10 years, has a lot of experiences.
Ex2. I passed the letter to Petter. He was sitting beside me.
-> I passed the letter to Petter , who was sitting beside me.

b. T©n ng÷: Whom/ Who.

§¹i tõ kh«ng thÓ bá ®îc. Whom lµ h×nh thøc ®óng mÆc dï Who thØnh tho¶ng ®îc dïng trong tiÕng anh
®µm tho¹i.
Ex1: Peter turned out to be innocent.
Everyone suspected him.
-> Peter, whom everyone suspected ,turned out to be innocent.
Ex 2: She introduced me to her husband.
I hadn’t met him before.
->She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before .

c. Tóc tõ cña mét giíi tõ: Whom.

§¹i tõ kh«ng thÓ bá ®îc , giíi tõ thêng ®Æt tríc Whom. Tuy nhiªn cã thÓ ®a giíi tõ ®Õn cuèi mÖnh ®Ò
®iÒu nµy ®îc dïng phæ biÕn trong tiÕng anh ®µm tho¹i vµ Who thêng ®îc thay thÕ cho Whom.
Ex1 : Mr Lam was very generous about overtime payments. I was working for him.
-> Mr Lam, for whom I was working , was very generous about overtime payments.
Or -> Mr Lam , who I was working for , was very generous about overtime payment.
Ex2 ; Peter was fitter than me. I played tennis with him on Sunday.
-> Peter , with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Or -> Peter , whom I played tennis with on Sunday , was fitter than me.

2. §¹i tõ quan hÖ dïng cho vËt : Which.

a. Chñ tõ : Which.
Kh«ng ®îc dïng that.
Ex: We stayed at the Hanoi hotel. Long recommened it to us.
->We stayed at the Hanoi hetel, which Long recommened to us.

b. Tóc tõ: Which.

That kh«ng ®îc dïng vµ which kh«ng bao giê ®îc bá ®i.
Ex : These books will give you all the information you need.
You can get them at any bookshop.
 -> These books, which you can get at any bookshops, will give you all the information you need.
c. Tóc tõ cña mét giíi tõ.
Giíi tõ ®øng tríc Which hay ë cuèi mÖnh ®Ò.
Ex : His house is now worth 10.000$
He paid for it 5.000$.
->His house, which he paid 5.000$ for, is now worth 10.000$.

C. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES (Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives)

 Mệnh ®Ò quan hệ cã thÓ được rót gọn bằng cụm ph©n từ (hiÖn tại / qóa khứ) (participle phrase), cụm động từ
nguyªn mẫu (infinitive phrase) hoặc cụm danh từ (noun phrase).
 Chỉ rót gọn được khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ.

1. Nếu đéng từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở chủ đéng (active), ta dïng present participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề
(bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ đéng từ, đưa đéng từ chÝnh về nguyªn mẫu rồi thªm đu«i ING).
The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.  The man sitting next to you is my uncle.
Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night ?
 Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night ?
* Chóng ta đặt not trước ph©n từ trong các mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn phủ định.
My parents, who didn't have much money, never went on holiday
 My parents, not having much money, never went on holiday.

2. Nếu đéng từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở bị đéng (passive) ta dïng past participle phrase (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và
trợ đéng từ, bắt đầu côm từ bằng V3).
The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting. The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
The students who were punished by teacher are lazy.  The students punished by teacher are lazy.
The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown.
 The house being built now belongs to Mr. Brown.
Most of the people who was invited to the reception were old friends.
 Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.
* Chóng ta đặt not trước ph©n từ trong các mệnh đề quan hệ được rót gọn phủ định.
I'd prefer shirts which aren't made with polyester if you have any.
 I'd prefer shirts not made with polyester if you have any.

● Note: - Chóng ta đ«i khi cũng dïng MĐQH kh«ng x¸c định ở dạng rót gọn.
Peter, (who was) concentrating on his work, didn't hear the doorbell.
The book, (which was) first published in 1970, has sold over a million copies.
- Nhưng chóng ta thường dïng côm ph©n từ làm trạng ngữ để thay thế
Concentrating on his work, Peter didn't hear the doorbell.
First published in 1970, the book has sold over a million copies.

3. Mệnh đề quan hệ cã thể được rót gọn bằng to-infinitive hoặc infinitive phrase (cã dạng for +O+ to-inf),
chóng ta sử dụng dạng này trong những trường hợp sau: với c¸c từ the first, the second, ....the last, the next,
the only, so s¸nh nhất (superlative), mục đÝch (purpose), sự cho phép (permission) … .
Tom is the last person who enters the room.  Tom is the last person to enter the room.
John is the youngest person who takes part in the race.  John is the youngest person to take part in …

a) ->
S + V + Noun / Pronoun + Relative clause S + V + Noun / Pronoun + To V
English is an important language which we have to master. -> English is an important language to master.

b) S + V + Noun + Relative clause

-> S + V + Noun + For (Noun / Pronoun) + To V
This is an interesting book that you can read. -> This is an interesting book for you to read.

c) S + V + Noun + Relative clause (passive) -> S + V + Noun + To be + V3

This is a good film which must be seen. -> This is a good film to be seen.
 Lưu ý: Kh«ng rót gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu bằng WHOM.
The first woman whom you met in the classroom is my friend. (không rút gọn)

● Note: - Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề kh¸c nhau th× thªm for sb trước to inf.
We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
(Tuy nhiªn nếu chủ từ đã là đại từ cã nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... th× cã thể ko cần ghi ra)
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
 Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun cã giới từ th× phải đem xuống cuối c©u.
We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.  We have a peg to hang our coat on.

PHẦN 2: Mét sè d¹ng bµi tËp c¬ b¶n

EX1. Choose the best answer

1. This is the place _________ I met my wife. A. what B. where C. which D. that
2. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves. A. who B. which C. whom D. A&C
3. My wife, _________ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital. A. who B. which C. whom D. that
4. She is the one _________ I told you about. A. what B. which C. whose D. who
5. Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams. A. what B. which C. who D. whose
6. We are using books _________ were printed last year. A. what B. who C. which D. whose
7. The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
8. It rained all the time, ________ was a great pity. a. that b. what c. which d. who
9. We passed the shops _____ windows were decorated for Christmas. A. where B. their C. which D. whose
10. The man and his dogs ________ were reported missing yesterday have just been found safe.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
11. You can’t enjoyed hiking in Winter _____ snow covers everything. A. who B. when C. which D.
where
12. My friend eventually decided to quit her job, ______ upset me a lot. A. that B. when C. which D.
who
13. I didn't get a pay rise, but this wasn't the reason ______ I left. A. which B. that C. when
D. why
14. We’ll come in August ________ the schools are on holiday. A. that B. where C. which D.
when
15. Do you know a shop ________ sells good coffee? A. which B. that C. whose D. a & b are correct
16. Is there anything else ________ you want to ask? A. what B. where C. whom D. that
17. This is a town ________ many people live. A. in which B. which C. at which D. on which
18. The women _______ I gave the money were glad. A. to whom B. to that C. for whom D. for that
19. The woman _______next door is a famous singer. A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living
20. The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
21. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday. A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
22. Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam. A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
23. The bridge__ by French architects is very nice. A. was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed
24. The problems _they are discussing at the meeting are very important. A. who B. which C. Ø D. B & C
25. The ring _____ is made of gold and diamond.
A. she is wearing it B. he gave it to her C. Linda like D. she is wearing
26. The film about _____ they are talking is fantastic. A. who B. which C. whom D. that
27. That ’s the woman to ____ Jim used to be married. A. who B. whom C. which D. that
28. I live in a pleasant room ________ the garden.
A. to overlook B. overlooking C. overlooked D. which overlooking
29. The pilot was the only man ___ after the crash. A. was rescued B. rescued C. rescuing D. to be rescued
30. Tell me the reason ________ you were absent yesterday. A. where B. when C. why D. that
31. There was a time ______ dinosaurs dominated the earth. A. which B. when C. that D. A & B
32. He’s the man _________ people like at first sight. A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
33. They asked me a lot of questions, ________ I couldn’t answer.
A. most of which B. of which most C. most of that D. of that most
34. The reason _______ I phoned him was to invite him to party. A. why B. ф C. A&B D. that
35. The day _______ they arrived was Sunday. A. when B. whose C. on which D. A&C
36. The music ____ we listened last night was boring. A. to which B. which to C. to that D. that
37. It ____in Hanoi ___ I was born and grew up. A. is / that B. was / that C. was / which D. is / which
38. It____ Lan _____ always helps him in his trouble. A. was/ who B. was/ that C. is / who D. is / which
39. It was The World Cup _______in Korea and Japan.
A. which was held B. that were held C. that was held D. that held
40. The plants which________ in the living room need a lot of water. A. are B. be C. is D. was
41. The students______ for the train are good ones. A. waited B. waiting C. which is waiting D. to wait
42. This is the seventh person________ late. A. coming B. to come C. come D. all are correct
43. The United States consists of fifty states, ______ has its own government.
A. they each B. each of which C. hence each D. each of that
44. This is the village ___ my family and I lived for six years. a. in which b. that c. on which d. in where
45. The man ______, is the secretary. A. which you have just spoken B. whose you ha
ve just spoke
C. to whom you have just spoken
D. to who you have just spoken
46. It is the village where you____, isn’t it ? A. used to living B. used to live C. use
to live D. use living
47. The police have caught the man ___. A. who stole my motorbike. B. whose stole my motorbi
ke.
C. whom stole my motorbi
ke. D. which stole my motorbike.
48. Colin told me about his new job, ________ very much.
A. that he's enjoying B. he's enjoying C. which he's enjoying D. he's enjoying it
49. Dr. Sales is the person______.
A. I don’t have much confidence. B. in whom I don’t have much confidence
C. whom I don’t have much confidence in him D. in that I don’t have much confidence
50. What was the name of the horse ____________?
A. it won the race. B. which won the race. C. who won the race. D. whom won the race.
51. The boy ________ I lent my money is poor. A. to that    B. to who  C. to whom   D. whom
52. The knife ______ we are cutting bread is very sharp. A. with that  B. which   C. with which   D. that
53. Cathy is trustworthy. She’s a person upon ___ you can always depend. A. who B. whom  C. that  D. X
54. The man ____ I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university.
A. whom   B. that    C. X   D. all are correct.
55. Your career should focus on a field ____ you are generally interested.
A. on which  B. in which   C. which  D. that
56. I have two brothers, ________ are professional athletes.
  A. two of which  B. two of whom  C. both of whom    D. two of them
57. Sunday is the day _______ which we usually go fishing.  A. during   B. at   C. in  D. on
58. The speech ______ we listened last night was informative. A. to which B. which to  C. to that  D. that
59. The firm_______is sending me to New York.
A. that I work B. for that I work C. I work for it D. for which I work
60. Alice likes the foreign family____she is living. A. with which B. to which C. in which D. at which
61. He played the violin all night, _______annoyed the neighbors. A. who B. it C. which D. that
62. The chair_______suddenly collapsed.
A. which he was sitting B. he was sitting in it C. that he was sitting D. he was sitting in
63. The school has been given 20 computers, half of___are brand new. A. that B. those C. which D. them
64. There’s a man_______took your coat. A. which B. who C. to that D. whom
65. I don’t know the name of the woman___I spoke on the phone.A. to whom B. who C. to that D. whose
66. Fortunately we had a map, _______we would have got lost.
A. no which B. without which C. none that D. without that
67. Sheila, ______we had been waiting, finally arrived. A. for whom B. whom C. which D. that

68. My English teacher, Mrs. Brookers, was someone______I had great respect.
A. that B. whom C. which D. for whom
69. Jean Fragonard was a French artist______portrait of children.
A. whose paintings B. who has painted C. who painted D. whose painted
70. Several cars______owners had parked them under the trees, were damaged.
A. their B. of which C. whom D. whose
EX 2. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. The man whom remained in the office was the manager.
A B C D
2. 1975 was the year in when the revolution took place.
A B C D
3. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today.
A B C D
4. You would be welcome to join our staff if you change your mind.
A B C D
5. Radio stations at which broadcast only news first appeared in the 1970s.
A B C D
6. Among US students are many foreigners whose attend language classes at the south campus.
A B C D
7. The environment where wild animals are living is now badly destroying.
A B C D
8. Visitors were not permitted entering the park after dark because of the lack of security and lighting.
A B C D
9. My mother is the kind of person to who one can talk about anything.
A B C D
10. People can speak English can be understood in many countries.
A B C D
11. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night because he had an accident
A B C
on his way to the practice.
D
12. I think whatever was responsible for damaging the trees should be fined or sent to prison.
A B C D
13. Now that I no longer have to wear uniform, I'll be able to wear which I want.
A B C D
14. Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit will not decay
A B C
too rapidly.
D
15. The town we visited was a four-days journey from our hotel, so we took the train instead of the bus.
A B C D
16. One of the most influence newspapers in the U.S is The New York Times, which is widely distributed
A B C D
throughout the world.
17. The legal age which a person is considered to be an adult is customarily 18
A B C D
18. Van Cliburn who studied piano from 1951 to 1954 and won multiple awards between 1958 and 1960.
A B C D
19. Dr Harder, that is the professor for this class, will be absent this week because of illness.
A B C D
20. The man, of whom the red car is parked in front of our house, is a prominent physician in this town.
A B C D
EX 3. Combine the two sentences into one. Use who/ whom/ that/ which.
1. The exhibition was not very interesting. My friend took me to see it.
2. One of the chief things is to save money, manpower, and time. A computer can do this thing.
3. Immigration is an issue. This issue raises strong emotions.
4. There is evidence that many men were in fact willing to accept the company's revised pay offer. These
men went on strike.
5. The gales caused widespread damage. They swept across southern England last nis
6. British shipyards are now quoting prices. These prices compare favorably \yj* foreign competitors.
7. Is the offer still open? You made the offer last week.
8. Only by exporting enough can we pay for the goods. We buy these goods from abroad.
9. Members of the local sub-aqua club came across a wreck. It^ha'd lain on the sea-bed for over 200 years.
10. I know the very person. He will do the job quickly.
EX 4. Combine the two sentences into one. Use whose.
1. Bertrand Russell died in 1970. His philosophical writings made a profound impact in philosophers all
over the world.
2. Very few people understood his lecture. The subject of his lecture was very vague.
3. The car driver was to prison for six months. The entire blame for the accident rested on his shoulders.
4. Lord Nelson was famous for his naval talents. A column was erected in his memory in Trafalgar Square
in London.
5. The fire started on the first floor of the hospital. Many of its patients are elderly and infirm.
EX 5. Combine the following pairs of sentences, using relative pronouns.
1. Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
2. Ann had been sleeping in the back of the car. She felt quite fresh and wanted goon.
3. Paul wanted to take the mountain road. His tires were nearly new.
4. Jack's tires were very old. He wanted to stick to the tarred road.
5. Mary didn't know anything about mountains. She thought it would be quite safe to climb alone.
6. He gave orders to the manager. The manager passed them on to the supervisors.
7. Mary said that there should be a notice up warning people. Mary's children couldn't swim.
8. She said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true.
9. They rowed across the Atlantic. This had never been done before.
lO.The lorry crashed into a bus-load of school-children. Six of them were slight') injured.
EX 6. Combine the following sentences, using relative clauses and commas if necessary.
1. Ann is very friendly. She lives next door.
2. We stayed at the Grand Hotel. Ann recommended it to us.
3. We went to Sandra's party. We enjoyed it very much.
4. I went to see the doctor. He told me to rest for a few days.
5. John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for a very long time.
6. Sheila is away from home a.lot. Her job involves a lot of travelling.
7. The new stadium will be opened next month. It can hold 90,000 people.
8. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away.
9. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. My brother lives there.
10. London was once the largest crty in the world. The population is now falling.
EX 7. Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom/which.
1. The movie was interesting. We went to it.
2. The woman pays me a fair salary. I work for her.
3. The man is over there. I told you about him.
4. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night.
5. The person is sitting at the desk. You should talk to her about your problem.
6. Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them.
7. The picture is beautiful. Tom is looking at it.
8. I enjoyed the music. We listened to it after dinner.
9. I met the people. You told me about tl.em.
10. The market has fresh vegetables. I usjally go to it.
11.I couldn't understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.
12. The office is on High Street. Amy works in it.
EX 8. Rewrite the following sentences, using present participle phrases.
1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
2. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
3. The rules that allow public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.
4. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
5. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
6. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
7. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors.
8. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
9. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting?
10. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
11. Pictures that showed the brutality of war entered the living rooms of millions of Americans on the
nightly news.
12. The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the
Incan culture.
13. Many of the students who hope to enter the university will be disappointed because only one-tenth of
those who apply for admission will be accepted.
14. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.
15. The sunlight which conies through the window wakes me up early every morning.
16. A knuckle is a joint that connects a finger to the rest of the hand.
17. Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth's fresh water.
18. I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room next door to mine at the motel.
19. The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons of Donald Duck and Mickey
Mouse.
20. Food which passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube called esophagus.
EX 9. Rewrite the following sentences, using past participle phrases.
1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
2. The conclusion which is presented in that book states that most of the cars which are produced by
Chinese industry have some defect.
3. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
4. The photographs which were published in the newspapers were extraordinary.
5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
6. He read 'The Old Man and the Sea', which was written by Ernest Hemingway.
7. Two-third of people who were arrested for motorbike theft are under twenty years of age.
8. Only a few of the movies that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
9. They live in a house that was built in 1890.
10. A throne is the chair which occupied by a queen, king, or other rulers.
11. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
12. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
13. Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly growing industrial and
agricultural state.
14. In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is made of lemon juice, water, and sugar.
EX 10. Rewrite the following sentences, using infinitive phrases.
1. We had a river in which we could swim.
2. The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
3. I'd be more interested if I had a family that I had to cook for.
4. I haven't got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with.
5. He was the first man who left the burning building.
6. You are the last person who saw her alive.
7. My brother is the only one that realized the danger.
8. The pilot was the only man that survived the crash. n
9. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
10. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island.
11. I was the only person that saw the difficulty.
12. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
13. She was the first woman that took her seat in Parliament.
14. The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable.
15. He was the second man who was killed in.this way.
16. Here are some accounts that you must check.
17. The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush that I can sweep it with.
18. My files are all over the place. I wish 1 had a box that 1 could keep them in.
19. She said she wasn't going to buy any cards; she didn't have anyone to whom she could send cards.
20. He was the first man who reached the top.
EX11. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one
1. He told her about the book. He liked it best. (relative pronoun)
He ............................................................................................................................................
2. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday. (relative pronoun)
The old man ............................................................................................................................................
3. That man is my teacher. I am grateful to him. (Pre +relative pronoun)
That man ............................................................................................................................................
4. We like the computer. We bought it yesterday. (omission relative pronoun)
We ............................................................................................................................................
5. The dog bit me. I stepped on its tail. (relative pronoun)
The dog ............................................................................................................................................
6. We saw many soldiers and tanks. They were moving to the front. (relative pronoun)
We ............................................................................................................................................
7. The envelop has no stamp on. It lies on the table. (Reduced relative pronoun)
The envelop............................................................................................................................................
8. We must find a time. We can meet and talk at that time. (relative adverb)
We ............................................................................................................................................
9. The system is very successful. It is used here. (Reduced relative pronoun)
The system ............................................................................................................................................
10. In our school library, there are several large tables.We can sit to read books there. (relative adverb)
In our school library, ........................................................................................................................................