q803 National Maritime Center Refrigeration

National Maritime Center
Serving Our Nation’s Mariners
U.S.C.G. Merchant Marine Exam
QMED
Q803 Refrigerating Engineer
(Sample Examination)
8/28/2019 Page 1 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
Choose the best answer to the following Multiple Choice Questions.
Which of the following substances is normally classified as a low-pressure refrigerant?
(A) R-12
(B) R-22
(C) R-123
(D) R-134A
Which of the fluids listed is suitable for use as a secondary refrigerant?
(A) Carbon dioxide

(B) Cuprous chloride
(C) Brine
(D) Methyl alcohol
What is the color-coding for a storage container of R-134a refrigerant?
(A) green
(B) light blue
(C) grey
(D) purple
When checking the oil level in a refrigeration compressor, under what conditions would the most
accurate reading be obtained?
(A) after being shutdown for 3 hours with the crankcase heater secured
(B) several minutes after shutdown following a prolonged period of operation
(C) immediately after start-up
(D) immediately after adding oil
The gas that exists in the stratosphere forming a protective shield that helps to protect the
environment from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation is called what?
(A) nitrogen
(B) oxygen
(C) ozone
(D) radon
8/28/2019 Page 2 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
What is the physical state and pressure condition of refrigerant as it enters the condenser of a typical
refrigeration system?
(A) high-pressure vapor

(B) low-pressure liquid
(C) low-pressure vapor
(D) high-pressure liquid
Refrigerant entering the compressor of a refrigeration system should be in which of the following
conditions?
(A) High-pressure vapor

(B) Low-pressure liquid
(C) Low-pressure vapor
(D) High-pressure liquid
With a service gauge manifold set connected to a refrigerant compressor as shown in the illustration,
which arrangement of the gauge manifold set valves and compressor service valves would allow for
simultaneous reading of the compressor suction and discharge pressures? Illustration RA-0003
(A) Valves "2" and "5" both open, along with valves "1" and "6" both frontseated.
(B) Valves "2" and "5" both closed, along with valves "1" and "6" both cracked open off their
backseats.
(C) Valves "2" and "5" both closed, along with valves "1" and "6" both backseated.
(D) Valves "2" and "5" both open, along with valves "1" and "6" both open in the mid-position.
When purging a refrigeration gage manifold using system pressure as the source of refrigerant for
purging, which of the fittings listed is normally tightened LAST?
(A) the high-pressure hose fitting at the gage manifold high-pressure connection
(B) the high-pressure hose fitting at the discharge service valve service port
(C) the low-pressure hose fitting at the gage manifold low-pressure connection
(D) the low-pressure hose fitting at the suction service valve service port
8/28/2019 Page 3 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
Which of the following statements is true concerning the gauge labeled "A" of the illustrated gauge
manifold set? Illustration RA-0001
(A) The gauge labeled "A" is a compound gauge and is usually color-coded red.
(B) The gauge labeled "A" is a compound gauge and is usually color-coded blue.
(C) The gauge labeled "A" is a standard pressure gauge and is usually color-coded blue.
(D) The gauge labeled "A" is a standard pressure gauge and is usually color-coded red.
In a refrigeration system, from what location would air and non-condensable gases be removed?
(A) the bottom of the receiver drain connection

(B) expansion valve equalizer connection
(C) the top of the condenser purge connection
(D) compressor oil fill connection
Before charging a refrigeration unit, unless quick disconnect fittings are used, the refrigerant
charging hoses should be prepared in what way?
(A) they should be flushed with clean refrigerant oil

(B) they should be cleaned with carbon tetrachloride
(C) they should be purged with refrigerant
(D) they should be warmed in an oven
Under the definitions under the EPA Clean Air Act rules, how can refrigerant recovery equipment that
is considered as being system-dependent best be described?
(A) the recovery equipment must have its own power source
(B) the recovery equipment can only recover vapor refrigerant
(C) the recovery equipment recovers refrigerant with the aid of components in the system
(D) the recovery equipment can only recover liquid refrigerant
8/28/2019 Page 4 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
When removing the primary refrigerant from a system using water as a secondary refrigerant, it is
important to follow which procedure(s) to safeguard the equipment?
(A) Ensure that the water and refrigerant separator is functioning properly.
(B) Ensure that the water is drained or continually circulating to avoid freeze-up.
(C) Leave some refrigerant in the system to prevent the water from contaminating the refrigerant if
there is a leak.
(D) Ensure that the water doesn't become contaminated with oil in the direct contact heat
exchanger.
In reclaiming recovered refrigerant, which type of contamination will the reclamation process be
unable to separate?
(A) mixed refrigerants

(B) air
(C) moisture
(D) acid
What is true concerning frost build-up on the evaporator coils of a multi-box direct expansion
refrigeration system?
(A) the frost can be removed by passing hot gas through the coils or energizing defrost heaters
with the evaporator fan still running
(B) the frost will increase the refrigeration effect
(C) the frost can be quickly removed by simply shutting down the compressor
(D) the frost can be removed by passing hot gas through the coils or energizing defrost heaters
with the evaporator fan shut down
What is the maximum volume to which refillable refrigeration cylinders should be filled?
(A) 60% full

(B) 70% full
(C) 80% full
(D) 90% full
8/28/2019 Page 5 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
If the combination moisture indicator and sight glass indicates an accumulation of moisture within the
system, which of the listed procedures would be the most practical to follow?
(A) Using a vacuum pump, draw the entire system down to 1,270 microns for a period of three
hours.
(B) Close the king valve, pump down the system, isolate the drier, remove the desiccant core and
replace with new drier cartridge.
(C) Secure the system, disassemble and de-ice the thermostatic expansion valve.
(D) Purge the entire system to the atmosphere, replace the drier cartridge, and recharge the
system with refrigerant.
A thermostatic expansion valve is properly controlling evaporator superheat. Adjusting this valve to
lower the evaporator superheat setting will result in which of the following?
(A) the evaporator pressure will decrease

(B) the expansion valve diaphragm will rupture
(C) the evaporator feed will increase
(D) the expansion valve will further close
Of the various possible methods shown in the illustration, which is the correct method of attaching a TXV
feeler bulb to a small large line (7/8" and larger) with a horizontal run? Illustration RA-0050
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
An evaporator coil of a single evaporator, air-cooled refrigerator is accumulating excessive frost due to a
failure of the defrost mechanism. If the refrigerator features a thermostatically controlled box solenoid
and a low-pressure cut-out controlled compressor, as well as a high-pressure cut-out, in terms of the
compressor, what would be the most likely operating symptom?
(A) short cycle on low-pressure cut-out

(B) fail to start
(C) short cycle on high-pressure cut-out
(D) run continuously
8/28/2019 Page 6 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
If the refrigeration compressor crankcase is sweating or frosting and is operating with an unusual
noise, what is most likely the cause?
(A) the compressor short-cycling on the high-pressure cut-out

(B) liquid refrigerant returning to the compressor
(C) the compressor running continuously
(D) a shortage of refrigerant
To test for a suspected large refrigerant leak from an R-22 refrigeration system in an enclosed area, how
should this be done?
(A) perform a standing vacuum test

(B) use an electronic leak detector to check all fittings for leaks
(C) perform a hydrostatic test with water
(D) apply a soap solution to fittings seen to have oil residue
When using nitrogen to pressure leak test a system, the nitrogen cylinder should always be
equipped with what device or feature?
(A) temperature indicator

(B) level indicator
(C) pressure regulator
(D) blue top
Moisture entering a typical refrigeration system will most likely produce what effect?
(A) cause sweating and frost on the evaporator coils

(B) be removed by the liquid line strainers
(C) boil in the condenser
(D) freeze in the expansion valve
Low compressor head pressure in a refrigeration system can be caused by which of the following?
(A) excessive condenser cooling water flow

(B) excessive refrigerant in the system
(C) air in the refrigeration system
(D) insufficient condenser cooling water flow
8/28/2019 Page 7 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
Leaking suction valves in a refrigeration compressor are indicated by which of the following?
(A) lower than normal suction pressure

(B) higher than normal suction pressure
(C) noticeable increase in compressor noise
(D) lower than normal evaporator temperature
If a refrigeration compressor using a thermostat as a primary controller is running continuously without

significantly lowering the temperature in the refrigerated space, which of the following is most likely the
trouble?
(A) warm food in the refrigerator

(B) a shortage of compressor oil
(C) excessive condenser cooling water
(D) a shortage of refrigerant
Which of the following conditions will occur if the power element of the thermostatic expansion valve
shown in the illustration loses its charge? Illustration RA-0007
(A) The valve will fail closed, providing no cooling capacity.

(B) The valve will fail open as designed to provide continuous cooling.
(C) The valve will begin to close, but the external equalizing line will assist in keeping the valve
unseated.
(D) The valve will fail open and the cooling capacity will be increased.
If the needle and seat assembly is excessively eroded, the valve cage assembly can be replaced. In
replacing the original valve cage assembly rated at 1/2 tons, what would be the result if the replacement
valve cage was oversized at 5 tons? Illustration RA-0007
(A) The evaporator would be starved producing consistently excessive superheat.

(B) The expansion valve would function normally, with the presentation of no problems.
(C) The expansion valve would hunt excessively, alternately starving and overfeeding the
evaporator coil.
(D) The evaporator would be overfed producing consistently insufficient superheat.
8/28/2019 Page 8 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
The fluid used as a source of actuating power against the underside of the unloader power element
piston of the refrigeration compressor capacity control mechanism illustrated is obtained from where?
Illustration RA-0013
(A) discharge of a secondary hydraulic pump specifically installed for this operation
(B) gas discharge from the compressor
(C) discharge of the compressor lube oil pump
(D) high side liquid receiver
To prevent motor overload during start-up of a hermetically sealed centrifugal refrigeration system,
what is true concerning the compressor suction gas variable inlet guide vanes?
(A) opened until the motor is connected across the line at full voltage and current drawn is below full
load current
(B) opened until the motor is connected across the line at full voltage and current drawn is up to full
load current
(C) closed until the motor is connected across the line at full voltage and current drawn is below full
load current
(D) closed until the motor is connected across the line at full voltage and current drawn is up to full
load current
The sensing line for the low-pressure cut-out switch for a refrigeration system is typically connected at
what location?
(A) at the inlet side of the receiver

(B) at the discharge side of the compressor
(C) at the outlet side of the receiver
(D) at the suction side of the compressor
A container unit's microprocessor-controlled temperature controller is set at -28.9°C, appropriate for a

frozen cargo of ice cream. In this mode of operation, according to the illustrated temperature controller
functional diagrams, what should be the operational status of the unit if the actual box temperature is -
18.0°C? Illustration RA-0035
(A) air circulation mode

(B) cooling mode
(C) modulating cooling mode
(D) heating mode
8/28/2019 Page 9 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
Rather than design an infinite variety of thermostatic expansion valve sizes to accommodate different
capacities for heat removal, some manufacturers use a few standard valve body sizes in conjunction
with what other feature?
(A) a flexible diaphragm to accommodate different heat removal capacities

(B) internal needle valve orifices of various sizes to accommodate different heat removal
capacities
(C) internal equalizers to accommodate different heat removal capacities
(D) an externally adjustable superheat to accommodate different heat removal capacities
Constant superheat is maintained at the evaporator coil outlet of a refrigeration system or unit by the
action of what device?
(A) solenoid valve

(B) low-pressure cut-out switch
(C) king valve
(D) thermal expansion valve
The carbon seal ring of a refrigeration compressor crankshaft mechanical seal is held in position
against the stationary ring face by using what device?
(A) snap ring

(B) thrust washer
(C) spring
(D) woodruff key
The safety heads of most large reciprocating compressors used in refrigeration systems are held in
place by what means?
(A) tack welding on the sides

(B) large teflon gaskets
(C) heavy coil springs
(D) discharge pressure in the relief valve return line
8/28/2019 Page 10 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
Refrigeration systems using forced air circulation evaporators have a tendency to cause rapid
dehydration of produce in chill boxes. Which of the following will minimize this dehydration?
(A) the air is circulated rapidly over a small evaporator with a minimum temperature differential
(B) the air is circulated slowly over a large evaporator with a minimum temperature differential
(C) the air is circulated slowly over a large evaporator with a maximum temperature differential
(D) the air is circulated rapidly over a small evaporator with a maximum temperature differential
Sea water or low temperature central fresh water is typically provided to a ship's stores refrigeration
plant for what purpose?
(A) condense the refrigerant gas

(B) prevent refrigerant superheating
(C) prevent motor overheating
(D) cool the expansion valve
Overfilling a refrigerant container is extremely dangerous because of the high pressures generated. The
generation of pressure is the result of what?
(A) vapor pressure of the refrigerant at saturation temperature

(B) hydrostatic pressure of the expanding liquid
(C) discharge pressure of the recovery compressor
(D) discharge pressure from the recovery cylinder
If there is a "large" release of R-134a refrigerant gas in a confined area, which of the following
statements would be true?
(A) an explosive atmosphere would be created

(B) dust or particle masks would be required before entering the space
(C) safety goggles and lined butyl gloves would be required before entering the space
(D) a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) would be required before entering the space
Inhalation of high concentrations of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants (CFCs) may have which of the
following effects?
(A) cardiac arrhythmias

(B) drowsiness
(C) loss of concentration
(D) all of the above
8/28/2019 Page 11 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
The FIRST thing to do to ensure that a refrigeration unit will not start while undergoing repairs is to do
what?
(A) make a logbook entry

(B) secure and tag the electrical circuit
(C) place a crow bar in the flywheel of the unit
(D) inform all persons in the area not to start the unit
Why can CFC or HCFC refrigerants leaking into a confined space or in limited surroundings cause
suffocation?
(A) Refrigerants obnoxious odor prevents breathing.

(B) Refrigerants contain an acidic substance.
(C) Refrigerants are heavier than air and displace oxygen.
(D) Refrigerants lighter than air will rise.
In an air conditioning system, what is the name of the chamber where the duct-work originates?
(A) vapor chamber

(B) intake chamber
(C) exhaust chamber
(D) plenum chamber
In general, the thermal bulb for a thermal expansion valve used in a reciprocating air conditioning
system is usually charged with what substance?
(A) bees wax

(B) the same refrigerant as the system
(C) mercuric sulfate
(D) distilled water
In a two-stage centrifugal air conditioning system, the liquid refrigerant passes through the
condenser directly to what component?
(A) economizer
(B) evaporator
(C) chiller
(D) expansion valve
8/28/2019 Page 12 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
To add small amounts of refrigerant to the low side of an air conditioning system, the refrigerant
should be introduced through a particular valve and in a particular state. What valve and state
combination is correct?
(A) discharge service valve as a vapor

(B) discharge service valve as a liquid
(C) suction service valve as a vapor
(D) suction service valve as a liquid
When pumping down an air conditioning system to test the low-pressure cut-out switch, assuming that
the compressor is running, what should be done to initiate the test?
(A) stop the compressor

(B) stop the circulating pump
(C) secure the condenser
(D) close the "king" valve
The air temperature associated with a direct reciprocating air conditioning plant is found to be too
warm, and the compressor is not operating. A service check determines the compressor suction
pressure to be above the normal cut-in point, with a normal head pressure, and high evaporator
superheat. Which of the following could be the cause of this problem?
(A) A liquid line solenoid valve has failed closed.

(B) Cooling water flow to the condenser is excessive.
(C) The low-pressure control contacts are stuck open.
(D) A liquid line solenoid valve is stuck open.
In an air conditioning system, low discharge head pressure associated with a reciprocating
compressor can be the result of what condition?
(A) air in the condenser

(B) air in the evaporator coils
(C) leaky suction valves
(D) insufficient cooling water to the condenser
8/28/2019 Page 13 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
The reading of a combustible gas indicator indicates the percentage of the .
(A) lower explosive limit of a flammable gas concentration

(B) concentration of flammable gas in a compartment
(C) concentration by weight of nonflammable gas in a compartment
(D) upper explosive limit of a flammable gas concentration
A good approach to personnel safety is to assume that all tanks and pumprooms are potentially
dangerous. You should immediately leave an area whenever _ .
(A) you experience an abnormal bodily sensation

(B) you have irritation of the eyes, nose, or throat
(C) you smell an unusual odor
(D) any of the above conditions occur
Which of the following guidelines is considered to reflect good design practices for shipboard steam
heating systems?
(A) Provide all units with a dirt trap and gate valve in the supply and a check valve on the return.
(B) Provide a dirt pocket and strainer ahead of the steam trap on a unit heater return.
(C) Provide orifice-type bypasses for all traps and automatic valves.
(D) Wherever possible install vertical runs for condensate piping.
With reference to the oxyacetylene welding of high carbon steels, hard-facing, and the welding of
non-ferrous alloys, such as monel, the best flame to use is termed a/an _ .
(A) oxidizing flame

(B) nitriding fusion
(C) neutral flame
(D) carburizing flame
Acetylene should never be used at pressures in excess of 15 psig because the _.
(A) acetylene cylinders have a maximum allowable pressure of 15 psig

(B) fusible plug will blow out
(C) relief valve will lift
(D) slightest shock could cause an explosion
8/28/2019 Page 14 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
When installing CAUTION tags when performing a tag-out and lock-out procedure in preparation for
accomplishing maintenance, what is the color of these tags?
(A) Orange
(B) Yellow
(C) Green
(D) Red
Under what conditions is a CAUTION tag installed at equipment control stations in preparation for
performing maintenance or repairs?
(A) When operation of the equipment will endanger personnel ONLY.

(B) When operation of the equipment will endanger personnel OR harm the equipment.
(C) When operation of the equipment requires temporary special instructions to be provided.
(D) When operation of the equipment will harm the equipment ONLY.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the valve shown in the illustration? Illustration GS-
0047
(A) The valve is a non-rising stem design.

(B) The valve seats cannot be replaced or repaired.
(C) The valve is normally used to throttle the flow of liquid.
(D) The valve only requires one turn of the handwheel to fully open.
The use of a needle valve in a piping system is recommended when requiring _.
(A) high-pressure drops

(B) no back flow
(C) no pressure drops
(D) close regulation of flow
Why are dehydrators usually located in the liquid line of refrigeration systems?
(A) reduce compressor discharge line sweating

(B) prevent icing of the expansion valve
(C) remove oil from the refrigerant
(D) prevent liquid slugging in the suction line
8/28/2019 Page 15 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
Moisture is removed from a refrigeration system by what action?
(A) opening a drain petcock on the oil separator

(B) cutting in the dehydrator
(C) condensing the water in the heat exchanger
(D) draining refrigerant from the bottom of the condenser
In a refrigeration system that is not protected by a water failure switch, if the cooling water to the
condenser fails, what will be the result for protective purposes?
(A) the king valve will open

(B) the expansion valve will close due to high superheat
(C) the compressor will shutdown by the action of the high-pressure cut-out switch
(D) the box temperature solenoid valve will close initiating a pumpdown
An arrow stamped on the valve body of a water regulating valve indicates which of the following?
(A) direction of the plunger slide

(B) closed position
(C) open position
(D) direction of the flow
During the initial cooling down of a box temperature in a refrigeration system, which of the devices
listed is used to prevent excessive gas pressure at the compressor suction for the purpose of
prevention of overloading of the compressor driver?
(A) High-pressure cut-out

(B) Crankcase pressure regulator
(C) Solenoid valve
(D) Low-pressure cut-out
When one belt of a multiple V-belt drive requires replacing, what will be required?
(A) ensure the seasoned belts are reinstalled in their proper sequence
(B) ensure the proper belt dressing is applied
(C) season the new belt prior to installation
(D) replace the entire belt set
8/28/2019 Page 16 of 24
QMED
Illustrations: 7
In addition to the drive belt itself, a V-belt that is tensioned too tight will cause excessive wear to
what other drive component?
(A) motor shaft and compressor main bearings

(B) the prime mover drive pulley
(C) the compressor drive pulley
(D) the shaft of the prime mover
An increasing head pressure in a refrigeration system, without any corresponding change in the
cooling water inlet temperature, would probably be caused by which of the following?
(A) water in the refrigerant

(B) air and non-condensable gases in the condenser
(C) restriction in refrigerant piping associated with the liquid line
(D) flooding back of liquid refrigerant to the compressor from the evaporator
A liquid sight flow indicator in a refrigeration system is examined and gas bubbles are noted in
motion with the fluid flow. What does this mean?
(A) the system contains less than a full charge of refrigerant

(B) there is air leaking in from the condenser
(C) ice crystals are forming in the refrigerant
(D) the system is fully charged
8/28/2019 Page 17 of 24
Serving Our Nation's Mariners
GS-0047
Adapted for testing purposes only from Machinist Mate 3 & 2

NAVEDTRA 14151
9/24/2018 Further reproduction prohibited without permission Page 18 of 24
RA-0001
Adapted for testing purposes only from ALTHOUSE, Modern

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Copyright © 1992 by The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
RA-0003

9/17/2018
Further reproduction prohibited without permission Page 20 of 24
RA-0007

RA-0013
Adapted for testing purposes only from HARBACH, Marine

Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
Copyright © 2005 by Cornell Maritime Press
9/17/2018
RA-0035
Adapted for testing purposes only from CARRIER, Operation and Service for
69NT40-541-300 TO 399 Container Refrigeration Units
Copyright © 2007 by Carrier Corporation
RA-0050
TXV Feeler Bulb on Small Suction Line
(7/8” and larger)
Adapted for testing purposes only from HARBACH, Marine Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
Copyright © 2005 by Cornell Maritime Press
9/18/2018

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National Maritime Center

Serving Our Nation’s Mariners

U.S.C.G. Merchant Marine Exam

Q803 Refrigerating Engineer

Choose the best answer to the following Multiple Choice Questions.

Which of the following substances is normally classified as a low-pressure refrigerant?

Which of the fluids listed is suitable for use as a secondary refrigerant?

(A) Carbon dioxide

What is the color-coding for a storage container of R-134a refrigerant?

(A) high-pressure vapor

(A) High-pressure vapor

(A) the bottom of the receiver drain connection

(A) they should be flushed with clean refrigerant oil

(A) mixed refrigerants

(A) 60% full

(A) the evaporator pressure will decrease

(A) short cycle on low-pressure cut-out

(A) the compressor short-cycling on the high-pressure cut-out

(A) perform a standing vacuum test

(A) temperature indicator

(A) cause sweating and frost on the evaporator coils

(A) excessive condenser cooling water flow

(A) lower than normal suction pressure

If a refrigeration compressor using a thermostat as a primary controller is running continuously without

(A) warm food in the refrigerator

(A) The valve will fail closed, providing no cooling capacity.

(A) The evaporator would be starved producing consistently excessive superheat.

(A) at the inlet side of the receiver

A container unit's microprocessor-controlled temperature controller is set at -28.9°C, appropriate for a

(A) air circulation mode

(A) a flexible diaphragm to accommodate different heat removal capacities

(A) solenoid valve

(A) snap ring

(A) tack welding on the sides

(A) condense the refrigerant gas

(A) vapor pressure of the refrigerant at saturation temperature

(A) an explosive atmosphere would be created

(A) cardiac arrhythmias

(A) make a logbook entry

(A) Refrigerants obnoxious odor prevents breathing.

(A) vapor chamber

(A) bees wax

(A) discharge service valve as a vapor

(A) stop the compressor

(A) A liquid line solenoid valve has failed closed.

(A) air in the condenser

The reading of a combustible gas indicator indicates the percentage of the .

(A) lower explosive limit of a flammable gas concentration

(A) you experience an abnormal bodily sensation

(A) oxidizing flame

Acetylene should never be used at pressures in excess of 15 psig because the _.

(A) acetylene cylinders have a maximum allowable pressure of 15 psig

(A) When operation of the equipment will endanger personnel ONLY.

(A) The valve is a non-rising stem design.

The use of a needle valve in a piping system is recommended when requiring _.

(A) high-pressure drops

(A) reduce compressor discharge line sweating

Moisture is removed from a refrigeration system by what action?

(A) opening a drain petcock on the oil separator

(A) the king valve will open

(A) direction of the plunger slide

(A) High-pressure cut-out

(A) motor shaft and compressor main bearings

(A) water in the refrigerant