Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
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What is the sympathetic ANS division often referred to as?
Another name for the sympathetic ANS division
Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division?
When is the activity of the sympathetic ANS division evident?
What are the 4 "Es" that the sympathetic ANS responds to?
Examples of signs of sympathetics ANS activity?
What does the sympathetic ANS typically do in situations of great
excitement/energy/emergency?
When does the sympathetic ANS work at full speed?
What happens if you have experienced physical stress, such as
finishing a marathon or just having finished a surgery?
How long to the effects of the sympathetic ANS last?
Although nerve impulses themselves act quickly, how long do the for a significant amount of time; these effects are widespread and
hormonal effects last?
Why do we need to "come down" after a stressful situation?
Sympathetic effects on the digestive system
Sympathetic effects on the liver
Sympathetic effects on the lungs
Sympathetic effects on urinary bladder/urethra
Sympathetic effects on the kidneys
Sympathetic effects on the heart
Sympathetic effects on the blood vessels
Sympathetic effects on glands: salivary, lacrimal, gastric
Sympathetic effects on the iris of the eye
Sympathetic effects on the ciliary muscle of the eye
Sympathetic effects on the adrenal medulla
Sympathetic effects on the skin sweat glands
Sympathetic effects on the arrector pili muscles attached to hair stimulates the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles, pro-
follicles
Sympathetic effects on the penis
Sympathetic effects on cellular metabolism
the "fight-or-flight" system of the body
thora-columbar division
sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter
of the spinal cord from T1 through L2
evident when we are exited or find ourselves in emergency/threat-
ening situations
also allows us to cope rapidly and vigorously with situations that
threaten homeostasis
exercise, excitement, energy, embarassment
signs include: rapid, deep breathing; cold, sweaty skin; a prickly
scalp; and dilated eye pupils
typically HR increases, blood pressure and blood glucose levels
increase, bronchioles of the lungs dilate all in order to help an
individual cope with a stressor
when we are either EMOTIONALLY UPSET or PHYSICALLY UP-
SET
in response to this stress, the sympathetic ANS will make the
adrenal glands pump out EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPH-
RINE
effects last for a FEW MINUTES until its hormones are destroyed
by the liver
prolonged period of time
we need to "come down" bc the effects of the sympathetic ANS
are widespread and prolonged, despite the nerve impulses lasting
for a relatively short period of time
decreases digestive system activity and constricts digestive sys-
tem sphincters (like the anal sphincter)
causes glucose to be released by the liver into the blood
sympathetic ANS causes bronchioles of the lungs to dilate
on urinary bladder/urethra, sphincters are constricted, which
helps prevent voiding
on kidneys, sympathetic ANS decreases urine output
increases the rate and force of heartbeat
-constricts blood vessels in viscera and skin
-dilates the blood vessels in skeletal muscle and heart
-increases blood pressure
inhibits the salivary, lacrimal, and gastric glands, causing dry
mouth and dry eyes
stimulates DILATOR muscles, leading the pupils to DILATE
inhibits the ciliary muscles, decreasing bulging of lens and pre-
pares the eye for DISTANT VISION
stimulates medulla cells to secrete epinephrine and norepineph-
rine
stimulates sweat glands, leading to perspiration
ducing "goose bumps"
causes ejaculation
increases metabolic rate; increases blood sugar levels; stimulates
fat breakdown
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Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3ckpg7
Sympathetic effects on adipose tissue stimulates fat breakdown

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