FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE

ASSESMEMT OF MOTHERS’ KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOR ON

BALANCE DEIT, GAROWE-PUNTLAND SOMALIA

BY FAIZA OSMAN FARAH

A THESIS SUBMITTED OF THE DEPARTMENTS ACADEMIC AFFAIRES,

UNIVERSITY OF BOSOSO GAROWE CAMPUS, IN FULFILMENT OF THE
REGUIRMENTS FOR BACHELOR DEGREE OF NUTRITION AND FOOD SCEINCE

OCTOBER 2018

[i]
 Declaration A

This thesis is my original work and has been presented for a degree or any other academic award
in any university or institution of learning.

Mrs. Faiza Osman Farah

Signature--------------------------------------------

Date--------------------------------------------------

[ii]
 Declaration B

I confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under my
supervision and submitted to the faculty of Health sscience for examination with my approval as
the supersaver

Mr. Abdulkadir Mohamed Muse

Signature------------------------------------------------

Date--------------------------------------------------------

[iii]
 Approval Letter

This thesis entitled” mother’s knowledge awareness and behavior on balanced diet in garowe
Puntland Somalia.” submitted in partial in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
bachelor of Nutrition and Food Science in faculty of health science

Dean of Faculty of Social Science

Signature_____________

Date____________

[iv]
 DEDICATION

I dedicate to this thesis my Mather Maryam Yusuf hajji and my big brothers Mohamed Osman,
mowlid Osman and Dayib sh mohamed also my lovely family as a whole with their support for
my life and improvement in participating. Without their support through moral and material that
facilitated to me the completion of this work and I never forget for my whole life

[v]
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First thanks to Allah who enable me to publish this work and his prophet Mohamed (peace of
Allah be upon him) without help of Allah I would not able to do this work. I would like to thank
my researcher advisor and supervisor Abdulkadir Mohamed Muse (Garjeex) for his support and
guidance of me. Second, I would like to thanks my parent especially my mum and my brothers
who have been there for me at the time I needed them most. Third I would like to thanks all my
lovely classmates and brother specially Dayib Sheikh Mohamed Abdisalam with respect and I
never forget for their participation and helping for me. Fourth, I would like thanks my husband
who has supported me financially and encouraged me during this course. My dear sister
Fardowsa Mahad Farah Finally, I would like to thanks all my family and relative and every
person who support me this work to accomplish.
Finally, I am grateful to my family, parents, brothers and sisters for their continuous moral and
material support throughout my education.
I thank you all very much.

[vi]
Table of Contents
Declaration A .....................................................................................................................................ii
Declaration B .................................................................................................................................... iii
Approval Letter ................................................................................................................................. iv
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................ ix
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................... x
CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................................................1
PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE...................................................................................................................1
1. Background of study ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 problem statement ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Research objectives ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.1 General objectives ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Specific objective ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Research question............................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Significant of the study ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Operational definition......................................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Conceptual from work ........................................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................5
RELATED OF LATRATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................5
2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 What is balance diet?.......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 What are the important of balance diet? ........................................................................................... 6
2.3 Types of balanced diet ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.4 Balance Diet for Pregnant women ...................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Balance diet for lactating women ....................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Balance for diet for children ............................................................................................................. 10
2.7 Barriers of balance diet intake of Somalia ........................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................... 13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 13
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 13

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 3.2 Study Design...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Study Population ............................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 Study area ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.6 Sample Size ....................................................................................................................................... 14
3.7 Inclusion criteria................................................................................................................................ 14
3.8 Exclusion criteria ............................................................................................................................... 15
3.9 Sample procedure ............................................................................................................................. 15
3.10 Research instruments ..................................................................................................................... 15
3.11 Data gathering/collection procedure.............................................................................................. 16
3.12 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 16
3.13 Ethical considerations ..................................................................................................................... 16
3.14 Limitations of the Study .................................................................................................................. 16
CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................ 17
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS ................................................ 17
4.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1. socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents ............................................................... 18
4.2. Mother’s knowledge and awareness in balanced diet and nutrition .......................................... 20
4.3 factors effects mother’s knowledge, Awareness and behavior on balanced diet ........................ 24
CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................................. 27
5.0 DISCUSSION CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................. 27
5.1 DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................................... 27
5.2 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 31
5.3 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 31
References....................................................................................................................................... 33
APPENDIXII: TIME FRAME................................................................................................................. 38
APPENDIX III: BUDGET...................................................................................................................... 39

[viii]
 LIST OF TABLES

Table: 4.1.1 age in years of respondents.

Table: 4.1.2 family income in dollar of respondents.

Table: 4.2.1 you have ever got information about nutrients for pregnancy and lactation mother of
respondents

Table 4.2.2 if yes where did you hear read that information of respondents
Table: 4.2.3 do you aware the micro nutrient is important for the development of mother and
infant health of respondent

Table: 4.2.4 are you aware that during pregnancy there is more need for iron of respondents

Table: 4.2.5 do you aware important of balance diet and nutrition of respondents
Table: 4.3.1 Do you advice you about that type of food that should be taken during pregnancy of
respondents
Table: 4.3.2 factors effecting mother’s knowledge of balanced diet of respondents

Table: 4.3.3 do you have knowledge about the mothers of diet of respondents

Table: 4.3.4 do you believe there are certain foods to be taken during pregnancy of respondents
Table: 4.3.5 do you believe that balanced diet is very essential for mother health promotion and
decreased prevention disease of respondents
Table: 4.3.6 do you believe essential food for vegetable during pregnancy and lactation of
mother of respondents.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure: 1 level of education of respondents

FIGURE: 2 marital status of respondents

FIGURE: 3 Occupation of respondents

FIGURE 4: Do you aware about the food sources of micro nutrient

FIGURE: 5 Do you know different source of vitamin A of respondents

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FIGURE: 6 which time breastfeeding after delivery in your baby of respondents FIGURE: 7 in
your attitude which of the following is essential for mother’s health during pregnancy of
responden

ABSTRACT

This study to assess mother’s knowledge awareness and behavior on balanced diet in garowe Puntland
Somalia. 55 individuals were participated. The design of this study was a descriptive cross-sectional study
aimed to assess mother’s knowledge awareness and behavior on balanced diet in garowe Puntland
Somalia. The Research findings indicated mother’s knowledge awareness and behavior on
balanced diet in garowe so is very low respondents are primary education that shows the
knowledge of mothers is high, majority of mothers are married, also majority of mothers are
housewife, and number of families are low income. Also, research finding the mothers of garowe
they are not get more information about lactation mother. The awareness of different sources of
food and vitamins on mothers and also the unknowledgeable of different factors effecting
mothers during pregnancy lactation. Finally, the research finding the majority of mothers they
are not essential food for vegetable during pregnancy and lactation of mother and also not
believed that balanced diet is very essential for mother health promotion and decreased
prevention disease according the study findings recommended.

[x]
 CHAPTER ONE

PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

1. Background of study

Nutrition is a basic requirement of all human being regard from birth to old age. In all different
stages of life, nutrition plays a vital role. A healthy balanced diet that contains adequate amounts
of Nutrition is essential for the development of body. It is the fundamental pillar that keeps the
human life going. Nutritious food is essential for maintaining overall physical as well as social
well-being. It is imperative to pay utmost attention to all the food that we consume and the
nutritious value of it as it will directly impact health, for better or for worse.

Dietary practice is defined as observable actions or behavior of dietary can be classified as

having good dietary practices and poor dietary practices. The incidence of dietary inadequacies
as a result of dietary and patterns in pregnancy is higher during pregnancy when compared to any
other stage of the life cycle. Different scholars discovered that many women in developing
countries restrict their food intake during pregnancy for different reasons such as to have smaller
infants because smaller infants will carry a lower risk of delivery complications cultural reason
and perceived severity of delivery complications because big babies make delivery difficult
Thus, low intake of essential nutrients such as protein, energy, vitamins C, Vitamin A and iron
due to inappropriate nutrition practices together with environmental factors, socioeconomic
factors and infections are common causes of maternal mortality, low birth weight and
intrauterine growth retardation (Nana, Amanuel & Zema, T, 2018)

Adequate maternal nutrition during the “first 1,000 days” window is especially critical from
conception through the first 6 months of life to improve nutritional status of both the woman and
infant and reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as low birthweight and pre-term birth
(Black et al. 2008; Haddad et al. 2015; Shrimpton 2012; Black et al. 2013; Barker et al. 2010;
Ramakrishnan et al. 2012; Özaltin et al. 2010; USAID 2015). Data from 62 studies in low- and
middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean found
inadequate micronutrient intakes and very little dietary diversity among pregnant and lactating

[1]
women (Lee et al. 2013). Unfortunately, many programs targeting the first 1,000 days have only
focused implementation and evaluation efforts on infant and child health benefits and outcomes
of nutrition interventions, not maternal dietary consumption during pregnancy and lactation
(USAID, 2017)

1.1 problem statement

Mother’s knowledge on nutrition and balanced diet is very important for health there is no
previous study like this title conducted. So that is way I would like to assess mother’s
knowledge, Awareness and behavior on balanced diet in garowe. To present appropriate
recommendation to improve mother’s knowledge and to tackle its barrier. Balanced diet is
essential for normal activities of life. The nutritional status of a large population of garowe is un-
satisfactory. Since there is enough food available, it can be improved through proper education
and awareness. Good nutritional intake supports the stamina

A patience and self-confidence that nursing an infant demand. Helping women achieve
appropriate nutritional status to optimize breastfeeding is important and requires consideration of
energy and nutrient needs. `

1.2 Research objectives

1.2.1 General objectives

To assess mother’s knowledge awareness and behavior on balanced diet in garowe Puntland
Somalia.

1.2.2 Specific objective

1. To evaluate mother’s knowledge and awareness in balanced diet and nutrition.

2. To identify factors effects mother’s knowledge, Awareness and behaviour on balanced
diet.
3. To determine the characteristics of respondents in terms of age, level of education marital
status Occupation and Family income in dollar in Garowe Puntland Somalia.

[2]
1.3 Research question

1. What mother’s knowledge and awareness in balanced diet and nutrition?

2. What are the factors which effects mother’s knowledge, Awareness and behaviour on
balanced diet?
3. What determine the characteristics of respondents in terms of age, level of education
marital status Occupation and Family income in dollar in Garowe Puntland Somalia?

1.4 Significant of the study

The research shall benefit policy makers who can use the findings to design policies to address
the diet public health issues its very important Puntland government that can use the findings to
formulate responsive policies to mother’s health education.

The findings will be beneficial to organizations of health center who have activities revolve
around Mathers nutritional Complications they can use the findings to design modalities of
addressing Complication.

The study will also benefit the academician students of university who can use the findings as a
base to conduct further research between mother and balanced diet related complication Puntland
government.

1.5 Operational definition

Diet: is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism the word diet often implies the
use of specific intake of nutrition for health.

Balanced diet: A diet that contains the proper proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
vitamins, minerals, and water necessary to maintain good health

Awareness: the quality or state of being aware : knowledge and understanding that something is
happening or exists

Mothers: the state of being a mother; maternity the qualities or spirit of a mother.

Knowledge: facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the
theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.

[3]
Behavior: the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others. The way in
which an animal or person behaves in response to a particular situation or stimulus.

1.6 Conceptual from work

Independent variable dependent variable

 Age  Balanced diet

 Religion  Fruit and
 Ethnicity vegetable
 Family  Micro
income nutrient
 Educational Mother’s knowledge supplementa
level on balance diet tion
 Social and  Iodine
economical  Iron
 Beans
 Wheat. Rice
.maize

[4]
 CHAPTER TWO

RELATED OF LATRATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

A balanced diet is about adding all of the essential factors necessary for growth, so that every
part of the body gets what it needs to function properly. A balanced diet is also indicative of a
proportioned diet.

Nutrition is a basic requirement of all human being regard from birth to old age. In all different
stages of life, nutrition plays a vital role. A healthy balanced diet that contains adequate amounts
of Nutrition is essential for the development of body.

2.1 What is balance diet?

A balanced diet is one which provides all the nutrients in required amounts and proper
proportions. It can easily be achieved through a blend of the four basic food groups. The
quantities of foods needed to meet the nutrient requirements vary with age, gender, physiological
status and physical activity. A balanced diet should provide around 50-60% of total calories from
carbohydrates, preferably from complex carbohydrates, about 10-15% from proteins and 20-30%
from both visible and invisible fat.

A balanced diet is about adding all of the essential factors necessary for growth, so that every
part of the body gets what it needs to function properly. A balanced diet is also indicative of a
proportioned diet. This means that you’re not only eating the right food items, you’re also eating
them in the proper amounts. Adopting a balanced diet not only boosts your health, but also helps
with weight loss.

The Foods Standards Agency defines a balanced diet as having ‘a variety of foods, basing meals
on starchy foods and eating at least 5 portions of fruit and veg a day.’ They also recommend
having moderate amounts of fish (2 portions a week one being oily) moderating the amount of
protein you have and having small or occasional amounts of food high in fat or sugar.

[5]
2.2 What are the important of balance diet?

According to (Brian Krans, 2016)a balanced diet is important because your organs and tissues
need proper nutrition to work effectively. Without good nutrition, your body is more prone to
disease, infection, fatigue, and poor performance. Children with a poor diet run the risk of
growth and developmental issues. Bad eating habits can persist for the rest of their lives. Rising
levels of obesity and diabetes all around the world are prime examples of the effects of a poor
diet and a lack of exercise. A balanced diet is not all about eating the right foods, but having
them at correct time in right proportions.

The following article will deal with the importance of a balanced diet for a healthy lifestyle.

Prevents diseases and infections. When you eat the full range of vitamins, minerals and other
nutrients you improve your immune system and your healthy diet may even help prevent
diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.

Helps you control your weight. Most people at some point want to lose weight or gain weight –
eating a balanced diet helps you control your weight and maintain it over time. It is not feasible
to be on a weight-loss diet forever – a balanced diet is the only way to healthily control your
weight in the long term.

Improves your mental health. Getting the right mix of nutrients can help to ease symptoms of
depression and anxiety – looking after yourself by eating well is essential as you take steps to
good mental health.

Good for growth. A balanced diet is crucial for children and adolescents. As the body grows it is
important to receive the right nutrients so that cells are built and maintained and the body grows
at the right pace.

Better skin and hair. A healthy balanced diet also improves your looks. Eating well contributes
to healthy skin and hair and a “glow” that makes you look younger.

Proteins: Meats and beans are primary sources of protein, which is essential for proper muscle
and brain development. Lean, low-fat meats such as chicken and turkey, cooked ham, sausages
and some other cuts of pork and beef are the best options.

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A Core Macronutrient Like carbohydrates and fat, protein is a macronutrient, meaning that you
need relatively large amounts of it to stay healthy. (Vitamins and minerals, which you only need
in small quantities, are called micronutrients.) Unlike carbohydrates and fat, your body does not
store protein, so it has no reservoir to draw from when you’re running low.

Fruits & Vegetables besides being a great source of nutrition, fruits make tasty snacks. Choose
fruits that are in season in your area. They are fresher and provide most of the nutrients.
Vegetables are primary sources of essential vitamins and minerals. Dark, leafy greens generally
have a higher nutritive value and can be eaten at every meal. A variety of vegetables will help
you obtain the bountiful nutrients that all vegetables provide.

2.3 Types of balanced diet

Proteins: Meats and beans are primary sources of protein, which is essential for proper muscle
and brain development. Lean, low-fat meats such as chicken, fish, and certain cuts of beef and
pork are the best option. Removing the skin and trimming off any visible fat are easy ways to
reduce the amount of fat and cholesterol in meats and beans, such as lentils, peas, almonds,
sunflower seeds, and walnuts, are also good sources of protein. Tofu, tempeh, and other soy-
based products are excellent sources of protein and are healthy alternatives to meat. Protein
comes mainly from meat, but dietary recommendations suggest that you get it mostly from lean
meat sources. They primarily help with the development of skin, hair, and muscles. The
maximum daily amount is set at 50 grams for a typical adult.

Carbohydrates: An excellent source of energy, carbohydrates should comprise roughly 60% of a

person’s diet or 310 grams. This is where most of your energy comes from if you’re engaged in
activity throughout the day; eat lots of carb-rich food items such as rice, pasta, potatoes, and
wheat.

Vitamins: There are so many essential vitamins today, but pay particular attention to the intake of
the following: vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B, and vitamin D. Taking multivitamins for these
four is ideal although obtaining them from fruits and vegetables is even better.

Minerals: Minerals aid with the release of energy from food items, plus they interact with the
organs to promote growth. For example, iron helps with energy, while calcium works towards

[7]
bone and teeth development. Again, there are lots of minerals today, but the most important ones
in your diet are: iodine, potassium, sodium, and those mentioned above.

Unsaturated fats: A lot of people avoid fat thinking that they cause weight gain, but this is far
from the truth. Healthy fats, or those derived from good sources are dairy products, meat, and
fish. Their main function is to help regulate body temperature, as well as the absorption of
vitamins. They help with slow energy release, which is perfect for long-distance runners.
Consume around 70 grams per day.

Fibre: helps fill you up and aids with proper digestion. It is primarily concerned with keeping
your cholesterol levels in check. Fibre rich food items include oatmeal, bran and also vegetables.
Get around 30 grams per day.

Water: Most lists of a balanced healthy diet consist only of 6 items, but this article gives a total
of 7, adding water to the list. The fact is few people consider the importance of water in their
diet. Fizzy drinks, coffee, tea, and juice drinks cannot provide the same goodness as water. It
hydrates the body and facilitates the movement of all the other components above. Suggested
intake is at least 8 glasses a day (Stonebridge Associated Colleges, 2017)

2.4 Balance Diet for Pregnant women

What does diet during pregnancy mean? When we refer to diet during pregnancy, we are not
speaking about restricting calories or trying to lose weight. Dieting to lose weight during
pregnancy can be hazardous to you and your baby, especially since a weight loss regimen may
restrict important nutrients such as iron, folic acid, and other important vitamins and minerals.

Therefore, we recommend avoiding popular diets such as Atkins, South Beach, The Zone, Raw
Food Diet, and so on.

The type of diet we encourage during pregnancy refers to fine-tuning you’re eating habits to
ensure you are receiving adequate nutrition for the health of you and your baby. Healthy eating
during pregnancy is critical to your baby’s growth and development. In order to get the nutrients,
you need, you must eat from a variety of food groups, including fruits and vegetables, breads and
grains, protein sources and dairy products
[8]
It is always important to eat a variety of foods throughout the day making certain you get the
nutrients both you and your baby need. Here is a look at the food groups and some suggested
sources for creating a healthy diet during pregnancy.

Fruits and Vegetables: Fruits and vegetables contain many important nutrients for pregnancy
especially, Vitamin C and Folic Acid. In order to prevent neural tube defects, 0.4 mg of folic
acid per day is recommended. A good source of folic acid can be found in dark green leafy
vegetables (other sources of folic acid include legumes, such as black or lima beans, black-eyed
peas, and veal). You should have at least 2-4 servings of fruit and 4 or more servings of
vegetables daily.

Breads and Grains: The body’s main source of energy for pregnancy comes from the essential
carbohydrates found in breads and grains. Dairy Products: At least 1000 mg of calcium is needed
daily to support a pregnancy. Good sources of calcium include milk, cheese, yogurt, cream
soups, and puddings. Some calcium is also found in green vegetables, seafood, beans and dried
peas.

Prenatal Vitamins: Although the main source of vitamins and nutrients needed during pregnancy
should come from your diet, a daily prenatal vitamin can help fill small gaps just in case you
unintentionally do not get enough key nutrients. Prenatal vitamins should be taken up to three
months before conception, if possible. (The American Pregnancy Association, 2015)

2.5 Balance diet for lactating women

According to (Claussen, Lauretta, 2017) Breastfeeding provides vital nutrients and vitamins to
your baby. However, many mothers are confused about what they should be eating in order to
provide the safest, healthiest breast milk. A mother's diet can impact her breastfeeding baby,
making a healthy diet with adequate calories and plenty of fluids critically important for lactating
women.

In general, the ideal diet of a breastfeeding woman is not that different from a healthy diet at any
stage of life. Recommends a balanced diet that incorporates fresh vegetables and fruits, whole
grains, protein foods and small quantities of fat. These foods should be as natural as possible--
whole foods with few additives or contaminants. The vast majority of lactating women do not

[9]
follow a perfect diet at all times. Breastfeeding is still safe and healthy even when the mother's
diet is less than ideal.

While lactating, women do require more calories than they otherwise would. In general,
breastfeeding mothers are recommended to increase consumption by approximately 500 calories
daily. However, this does not give women the green light to eat fast food and ice cream--
mothers should be mindful to incorporate these extra calories through nutrient-rich foods.

Breast milk is fairly consistent in terms of vital nutrients, but babies may react differently to
various foods the mother consumes. Dairy products and peanut butter may make some babies
gassy; others may become fussy when their mother eats spicy foods.

A breastfeeding mother should drink at least enough to quench her thirst, a minimum 13 cups per
day. Water is the best choice for hydration, though milk and juice are also options. Because they
could potentially impact the baby, it may be best to limit caffeinated drinks and alcoholic
beverages while breastfeeding.

2.6 Balance for diet for children

Children who lack essential vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids have shown to perform
worse academically at school and are seen to be more aggressive in their outward behavior as our
children grow taller and stronger in their pre-school years, they also become more independent
and start to form their own personalities. This is the time when they also start to control what
they will and will not eat - liking vegetables one day at a friend's house and not the next. We hear
parents saying all the time ‘my child is a fussy eater but that’s really code for he/she doesn’t
particularly like ‘a lot of things anything wrong with that?
Well yes, unfortunately there is. Children who don’t eat a variety of foods could be missing out
on some vital essential nutrients that are needed in this development period of their lives. These
are nutrients that contribute to excellent growth, clever minds, physical fitness, and great overall
health which will take them into adulthood. This is a serious matter. High numbers of children
are failing to grow at the correct rate, and have problems at school, or with childhood obesity.
Often this is all tied up with nutrient deficiencies in their diet.

[10]
So, what are the essential nutrients that may be missing in your child’s diet and where can they
be found? Here are the main culprits:

Vitamin C: Humans cannot make their own vitamin C, so it must be obtained in the diet. Its
function is quite specific as an important synthesizer for collagen and blood vessels. It is also
critical to brain function and is known to affect moods. It is a highly effective antioxidant, which
protects the body from free radicals, which can cause cancer. Key also is that Vitamin C aids
Iron absorption. Always give your child a glass of apple or orange juice (not concentrate) with a
meal containing meat or fish, and Iron will absorb more freely. Found in dark green vegetables,
oranges, dark berries, and of course apples.

Vitamin A: Vitamin A is needed for healthy teeth, skin, and produces the pigment in the retina of
the eye - so helping your child to see. It is also an antioxidant (like Vitamin C). Found in eggs,
meat, milk, cheese, cod, carrots, and many dark green vegetables.

Vitamin D: Vitamin D is needed so that the body can absorb Calcium. Without this, bones are
not able to fully form and Rickets can occur (this disorder is on the increase due to teenagers not
wanting to eat dairy products fearing weight gain).

Iron: Iron is needed for the formation of blood cells. Hemoglobin (the red pigment in blood) is
what transports the oxygen around your child’s body – without it, he/she can’t run! so if your
child is always tired, iron may be lacking. Iron is found in meat, fish, dark green vegetables
(again), dried apricots, pumpkin seeds, wholegrain (brown bread), pulses, beans and lentils.
Many foods are also fortified with iron so check labels.

Folate: Folate is very important for the production of new cells. It makes DNA, the building
blocks of cells, and is especially important for the rapidly growing infant and young child. Folate
can be found in dark green vegetables and spinach is a great source. Lots of foods are fortified
with folate, so check labels if your child is not a big fan of spinach. (supernanny, 2017)

2.7 Barriers of balance diet intake of Somalia

Situational analysis of data from Somalia over the last decade indicates that undernutrition is a
Significant and enduring public health problem and a major factor in the failure to meet MDGs
on hunger, child health, maternal mortality, gender equality and education. Rates of acute and

[11]
chronic malnutrition have remained persistently high throughout Somaliland, Puntland and
South-Central Somalia, with some variation by zone and livelihood system.

Malnutrition results from a complex set of factors and not one simple cause. The UNICEF
conceptual model of causes of malnutrition provides a useful framework for the discussion of the
causes of malnutrition in Somalia. The volatile political situation and civil unrest have led to a
chronic and continuing humanitarian crisis that is at the root of the high prevalence of
malnutrition in Somalia. Somalia is also prone to drought and floods. Many of the environmental
and man Made shocks have been multiple and recurrent, over stretching families’ coping
mechanisms resulting in inadequate access to and availability of food at household level. (World
Health Organization, UNICEF.WFP,FAO,FSNAU, 2010)

[12]
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

The previous two chapters were discussed about the introduction and the literature review of previous
studies. In this chapter the researcher will refer to the detailed description of all the processes to be
followed in order to achieve the research objectives.

Methodology will contain a correlation of research design, population, sampling techniques,

instrumentation, data analysis and ethical consideration of the study.

The in this study quantitative method. The research instrument that can be used to collect data is
using questioner. Data analysis will use both manual and computerized approach.

The study will examine the mother’s knowledge awareness behavior on balanced diet in Garowe
Puntland Somalia.

3.2 Study Design

The design of this study will be descriptive cross-sectional study.

3.3 Study Population

The study was any women its age between 15 and 49 will be mother’s knowledge awareness
behavior on balanced diet in Garowe Puntland Somalia at 2018

3.4 Study area

The study area was GANBOOL MCH, and Garowe General Hospital

Local area or scope area

Gambol MCH nearly local government and area darwish primary school and also hotel nugaal
General hospital garowe between and garowe ford and garowe teacher education college (GTEC)

3.5 Study period and duration

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The study will be conducted during the period from July up to September 2018

3.6 Sample Size

The sample size was calculated using the formula;

Where n = the minimum sample size

z = the standard normal deviate usually set at 1.96 which corresponds to the 95%
p = proportion of the target population =0.5
q = 1 – p = 0.5
d = desired degree of accuracy considered (0.05)2
1.962 x0.5x0.5/ (0.05)2 = 384 so she samples size were =384
Finite population formula
N=minimum sample size required
NO= cochoranis recommended sample size
N=number of estimated

N
𝑁 = NO+(1)

384
𝑁 = 60+(1) =6.4+1= 7

𝟑𝟖𝟒
= 55
𝟕

3.7 Inclusion criteria

Participated will mother’s knowledge awareness behavior on balanced diet in garowe Puntland
Somali

[14]
3.8 Exclusion criteria

All mothers’ unbalanced diet is not participated in this study research

3.9 Sample procedure

The researcher will use Stratified sampling and Purposive sampling to select the respondents of
this study.

In stratified Sampling, the researcher arranges the different parts of population in separate layers
or groups. The population will be, divided into groups, each group will be selected randomly,
and the researcher first divides the population into groups based on a relevant characteristic and
then selects participants within those groups. The researcher to ensure those specific subgroups
of people adequately represented within the sample typically uses stratified random sampling.

In this study the purposive sampling normally named a judgmental sample, and is one that
chosen based on the knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study.

The subjects are selected because of some characteristic. In purposive sampling, the researcher
uses their expert judgment to select participants that can be representative of the population.

From the maternal child health (MCH) that are found in Garowe 1 MCH and general Hospital
garowe are randomly select the number of mothers in pregnancy lactation behavior balanced
diet, these MCH will determine by using proportion to size allocation technique. MCH and
general Hospital will determine base the average number children will be expect to be see during
the data collection period will base on the next month.

3.10 Research instruments

The research tools instruments that are used to collect data by using questioner. Data analysis
was done using both manual and computer aid. The researcher anticipated some limitations in
the study.

[15]
3.11 Data gathering/collection procedure

I will distribute questionnaire health institutions requesting to fill questionnaire than I will collect
the questionnaire when they will and analysis data by using SPSS version16.0 types charts

3.12 Data Analysis

This part addresses processing and analysis. Therefore, data will be collected from the study
area, edit, collate and tabulate. Data will manually enter in an SPSS spread sheet and tabulate
using the program and it will be analyzing on it. Then, the data will enter and tables are
producing frequently. The data will analysis and the report will make soon after.

Various statistical methods are used to analysis the data collect from the study. The profile of the
respondents will analyze by use of frequency and percentage distribution tables.

Qualitative data from the interviews will be analyzed by use of content and context analysis.
Content analysis involve coding and classifying data, also refer to as categorizing and indexing
and the aim of context analysis is to make sense of the data collect and to highlight the important
messages, features or findings.

Data analysis method will be use statistical package for social science {SPSS} version 16.0

3.13 Ethical considerations

Ethical clearance will obtain from Bossaso University, health science, department of nutrition
ethical review committee. Inform consent will obtain from individual respondent.

Questionnaire will analyze, and the respondents are told that they have the right to be involve or
not to be involve in the study, and that non-involvement

3.14 Limitations of the Study

These are constraints that the researcher may face while conducting the study. These include
financial problem, sometimes weak internet time to write the proposal, Lack of enough materials
and information, this will reveal some defects in its correctness

[16]
 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

4.0 Introduction

This presents the analysis of the data gathered and interpretation therefore It gives the
demographic characteristics of respondents, variables used and the descriptive of the variables.

[17]
4.1. socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents

Age of respondents Following the questionnaire that was administered, the respondents were
asked to state their age and the following were the responses from the respondents

Table: 4.1.1 age in years of respondents

Frequency Percentage

15-24 8 14.5%

25-34 37 67.3%
35-44 10 18.2%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The highest age of respondents was 25-34. They reached in 67.3% while other categories of
respondents 18.2% and 15.5% it means the majority mothers respondents ages between 25-34.

FIGURE: 1 level of education of respondents

[18]
 63.60%

16.40%
9.10% 10.90%

Illiterate Primary secondary university

Source: primary data

The findings of the questionnaires given to respondents to know their level of education, the
findings were that different respondent illiterate level and primary level they are two highest
categories of respondents 63.64% and 16.36% while two other levels are 9.09% and 10.91%.
FIGURE: 2 b marital status of respondents

16.40%

10.90%

72.70%

marriage divorce widows

Sources: primary data

In this table indicates the respondents of this study the respondents were married which
represents 72.70%, were divorce which represents 10.90% and respondents was widows which
represented 16.40% of the total respondents. This means the higher respondents of this study are
married in garowe 72.36% and over are married
FIGURE: 3 Occupation of respondents

[19]
Sources: primary data
The above figure shows the respondent were 58.18% are housewife while the other of
respondents of this study such as employed 20% and self-employed 20% and other 1.825 of total
respondents.
Table: 4.1.2 family income in dollar of respondents
Frequency Percentage

low income >250 28 50.9%

middle income <250-500 23 41.8%

high income 4 7.3%
Total 55 100.0%

Sources: Primary data

The table above shows 28 of 55 of respondents have family income are law 50.9%, middle
income families 23 of 55 respondents 41.8% this means the highest number of family income is
law income and other respondents of this study are 4 of 55, 7.3%.

4.2. Mother’s knowledge and awareness in balanced diet and nutrition

[20]
Table: 4.2.1 you have ever got information about nutrients for pregnancy and lactation mother of
respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 32 58.2%
No 23 41.8%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows58.2% of respondents they get information about nutrients for pregnancy
and lactation mother while 41.8% other respondents they are not get information.
Table 4.2.2 if yes where did you hear read that information of respondents
Frequency Percentage

radio and TV 31 56.4%

Family 14 25.5%

Friend 10 18.2%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows the different respondents they hear and read information about the
nutrients radio and tv 31 of 55, 56.4.0%, family members are 14 of 55, 25.5%% and friendly 10
of 55, 18.2%.

Table: 4.2.3 do you aware the micro nutrient is important for the development of mother and infant health of
respondent

Frequency Percentage

Yes 16 29.1%

No 39 70.9%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows majority of respondents they not aware the micro nutrient is important for
the development of mothers & infant health 39 of 55. Were 70.9% while 16 of 55, were 29.1%
they aware.

[21]
FIGURE 4: Do you aware about the food sources of micro nutrient?

Sources: primary data

The above table shows aware about the food sources of micro nutrient the 51 of 55 were 36.4%
of vegetable, 48 of 55 were 34.3% of fruit, 23 of 55 were 16.4% of beans, 11 of 55 were 7.9% of
milk, 5 of 55 were 3.6% of meat and 2 of 55 of respondents were 1.4% of not aware.
Table: 4.2.4 are you aware that during pregnancy there is more need for iron of respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 14 25.5%

No 41 74.5%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows the majority of respondents 74.5 they are not aware that during pregnancy
there is more need for iron while few respondents the aware.

[22]
FIGURE: 5 Do you know different source of vitamin A of respondents

The above figure shows different sources of Vitamin A the respondents of this study indicate
milk30.91%, vegetable 10.09%, carrots14.55%, none of than14.55%, and 29.09% respondents
they say don’t of know
Table: 4.2.5 do you aware important of balance diet and nutrition of respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 18 32.7%
No 37 67.3%

Total 55 100.0%
Sources: primary data
The above table shows the 67.3% respondents they are not aware a were important of balanced
diet and nutrition while 32.7% are aware.

[23]
4.3 factors effects mother’s knowledge, Awareness and behavior on balanced
diet

FIGURE: 6 which time breastfeeding after delivery in your baby of respondents

Sources: primary data

The above table shows 40% the respondents After one day of birth they breastfeeding after
delivery in your baby, 21.8% One and half hours after delivery, 20% After half hour’s delivery,
while 18.2% Immediate breastfeeding.

Table: 4.3.1 Do you advice you about that type of food that should be taken during pregnancy of respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 11 20.0%
No 44 80.0%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

[24]
The above table shows majority of respondents they are not advise you about what type of food
that should be taken during pregnancy 44 of 55. Were 80% while 11 of 55, were 20% they
advise.

Table: 4.3.2 factors effecting mother’s knowledge of balanced diet of respondents

Frequency Percentage
are there lack of knowledge 19 34.5%
lack of enough awareness on balanced diet 26 47.3%
I don’t know 10 18.2%
Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows the Factors effecting mother’s knowledge of balanced diet the
respondents selected the 26 of 55 were 47.3%lack of enough awareness on balanced diet while
other respondents are 19 of 55 were 34.5% are there lack of knowledge and 18.2% selected I
don’t know.

Table: 4.3.3 do you have knowledge about the mothers of diet of respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 4 7.3%
No 51 92.7%
Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows majority of respondents they have no knowledge about the mothers of
diet, 51 of 55. Were 92.7% while 4 of 55, were 20% they have.
Table: 4.3.4 do you believe there are certain foods to be taken during pregnancy of respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 21 38.2%

No 34 61.8%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows majority of respondents they have no believe there are certain foods to be
taken during pregnancy 34 of 55. Were 61.8% while 21 of 55, were 38.2% they believe.

[25]
Table: 4.3.5 do you believe that balanced diet is very essential for mother health promotion and decreased
prevention disease of respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 12 21.8%

No 43 78.2%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows majority of respondents they are not believe that balanced diet is very
essential for mother health promotion and decreased prevention disease, 43 of 55. Were 78.2%
while 12 of 55, were 21.8% they believe.

Table: 4.3.6 do +you believe essential food for vegetable during pregnancy and lactation of mother of
respondents
Frequency Percentage

Yes 20 36.4%

No 35 63.6%

Total 55 100.0%

Sources: primary data

The above table shows majority of respondents they don’t believe essential food for vegetable
during pregnancy and lactation of mother, 35 of 55. Were 63.6% while 20 of 55, were 36.4%
they believe

FIGURE: 7 in your attitude which of the following is essential for mother’s health during pregnancy of
respondents

[26]
Sources: primary data

The above table shows the attitude which of the following is essential for mothers’ health during
pregnancy the respondents of this study indicate they don’t know 36.36%, all above 25.45%,
mineral 18.18%, water 10.91%, and vitamin 9.09%.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 DISCUSSION CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 DISCUSSION

Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents

[27]
Table: 4.1.1 shows age in years of respondents the highest age of respondents was 67.3% while
other categories of respondents 18.2% and 15.5% it means the majority mothers respondents
ages between 25-34 were 67.3%. And also, similar study as showing the highest respondents of
ages 25-34. (Journal of Nutrition food and Sciences, 2013)

FIGURE: 1 shows the respondents level of education, the findings were that different respondent
illiterate level and primary level they are two highest categories of respondents 63.64% and
16.36% while two other levels are 9.09% and 10.91%. At the same study showing the highest
respondents of education level has illiterate 64.5%.

FIGURE: 2 indicates the respondents of this study the respondents were married which
represents 72.70%, were divorce which represents 10.90% and respondents was widows which
represented 16.40% of the total respondents. This means the higher respondents of this study are
married in garowe 72.70% and over are married. So, another study of related this study showed
the majority of respondents they are married 97%.

FIGURE:3 shows the respondent were 58.18% are housewife while the other of respondents of
this study such as employed 20% and self-employed 20% and other 1.82% of total respondents.
The related study of research are similar also highest respondents are housewife 85%.
Table: 4.1.2 shows the respondents have family income are law 50.9%, middle income families
41.8% this means the highest number of family income is law income and other respondents of
this study are7.3%. the different study showing the highest income family are above $1000, 79%
of family are higher income

“to evaluate mother’s knowledge and awareness in balanced diet and nutrition”

Table: 4.2.1 shows 58.2% of respondents they get information about nutrients for pregnancy and
lactation mother while 41.8% other respondents they are not get information. the different study
showing they get information about nutrient for pregnancy 74% while other respondents don’t
get 26%.

Table 4.2.2 shows the different respondents they hear and read information about the nutrients
radio and tv 56.4.0%, family members are 25.5%% and friendly 18.2%.

[28]
Table: 4.2.3 shows majority of respondents they not aware the micro nutrient is important for the
development of mothers & infant health Were 70.9% while 29.1% they aware. So, the different
study shows the majority mothers they aware 79% while 21% they are not aware.

FIGURE 4: shows aware about the food sources of micro nutrient were 36.4% of vegetable, were
34.3% of fruit, were 16.4% of beans, 11 of 55 were 7.9% of milk, 5 of 55 were 3.6% of meat and
2 of 55 of respondents were 1.4% of not aware.

Table: 4.2.4 Shows are you aware that during pregnancy there is more need for iron the majority
of respondents 74.5 they are not aware that during pregnancy there is more need for iron while
few respondents the aware. The similar study indicates the same information 80% of respondents
they are not aware while 20% respondents aware

FIGURE: 5 The above figure shows different sources of Vitamin A the respondents of this study
indicate milk 30.91%, vegetable 10.09%, carrots14.55%, none of than 14.55%, and 29.09%
respondents they say don’t of know.

Table: 4.2.5 shows do you aware important of balance diet and nutrition of respondents the
67.3% respondents they are not aware a were important of balanced diet and nutrition while
32.7% are aware. The deferent study shows the majority of respondents they are 84% while 16
are not aware.

FIGURE: 6 shows 40% the respondents after one day of birth they breastfeeding after delivery in
your baby, 21.8% one and half hours after delivery, 20% after half hour’s delivery, while 18.2%
immediate breastfeeding.

And question to identify factors effects mother’s knowledge, Awareness and behavior on
balanced diet
Table: 4.3.1 shows majority of respondents they are not advise you about what type of food that
should be taken during pregnancy were 80% while were 20% they advise. The deferent study
shows majority of respondents are advice 79% and 21% are not advice.

[29]
Table: 4.3.2 shows the Factors effecting mother’s knowledge of balanced diet the respondents
selected the 47.3% lack of enough awareness on balanced diet while other respondents are 34.5%
are there lack of knowledge and 18.2% selected I don’t know.

Table: 4.3.3 shows majority of respondents they have no knowledge about the mothers of diet,
92.7% while 7.3% they have knowledge about the mothers of diet.

So, the different study shows majority of respondents they have knowledge about the mothers of
diet, 80% while 20% they have no knowledge about the mothers of diet.

Table: 4.3.4 shows majority of respondents they have no believe there are certain foods to be
taken during pregnancy 61.8% while 38.2% they believe. The similar study of research indicates
the 70% of respondents they have no believe there are certain foods to be taken during pregnancy
while other 30% they believe.
Table: 4.3.5 shows majority of respondents they are not believe that balanced diet is very
essential for mother health promotion and decreased prevention disease, 78.2% while 21.8% they
believe.

Table: 4.3.6 shows majority of respondents they don’t believe essential food for vegetable
during pregnancy and lactation of mother, were 63.6% while 36.4% they believe
FIGURE: 7 shows the attitude which of the following is essential for mothers’ health during
pregnancy the respondents of this study indicate they don’t know 36.36%, all above 25.45%,
mineral

18.18%, water 10.91%, and vitamin 9.09%.

[30]
5.2 Conclusion

The Research findings indicated mother’s knowledge awareness and behavior on balanced diet in
garowe so is very low respondents are primary education that shows the knowledge of mothers is
low, majority of mothers are married, also majority of mothers are housewife, and number of
families are low income

Also, research finding the mothers of garowe they are not get more information about lactation
mother.

The awareness of different sources of food and vitamins on mothers and also the
unknowledgeable of different factors effecting mothers during pregnancy lactation.

Finally, the research finding the majority of mothers they are not essential food for vegetable
during pregnancy and lactation of mother and also not believed that balanced diet is very
essential for mother health promotion and decreased prevention disease.

5.3 Recommendations

According to study findings I would like to recommend;

 To encourage increased intake of nutrient-rich foods to achieve an energy intake

of at least 1,800 kcal/day.

[31]
 To promote consistent and continued use of micronutrient supplements, food
supplements or fortified foods.
 To encourage pregnant and lactating women to follow dietary guidelines that
promote a generous intake of nutrients from fruits and vegetables, whole-grain
breads and cereals; calcium-rich dairy products; and protein-rich foods such as
meats, fish, and legumes.
 To promote a healthy diet by increasing the diversity and amount of foods
consumed as well as the important of adequate weight gain through sufficient and
balanced protein and energy intake
 To encourage increased intake of nutrient-rich foods to achieve an energy intake
of at least 1,800 kcal/day, To promote consistent and continued use of
micronutrient supplements, food supplements or fortified foods, To encourage
pregnant and lactating women to follow dietary guidelines that promote a
generous intake of nutrients from fruits and vegetables, whole-grain breads and
cereals; calcium-rich dairy products; and protein-rich foods such as meats, fish,
and legumes and To promote a healthy diet by increasing the diversity and
amount of foods consumed as well as the important of adequate weight gain
through sufficient and balanced protein and energy intake

[32]
 References

Brian Krans. (2016, February 12). Health/Balanced Diet. Retrieved August 25, 2018, from
Healthline: https://www.healthline.com

Claussen, Lauretta. (2017, january 1). Foods for Lactating Mothers. Retrieved August 26, 2018,
from Healthy eating.sfgate: https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/foods-lactating-mothers

Journal of Nutrition food and Sciences, 2013, 28, Sept, 2018, from Assessment of Knowledge of Pregnant
Mothers on Maternal Nutrition and Associated Factors in Guto Gida Woreda, East Wollega Zone,
Ethiopia

Stonebridge Associated Colleges. (2017, December 22). The 7 Components of a Balanced Diet.
Retrieved August 24, 2018, from stonebridge.uk: https://www.stonebridge.uk.com

supernanny. (2017, january 22). Meal Deal: the facts about a balanced diet. Retrieved August
24, 2018, from supernanny: https://www.supernanny.co.uk/Advice/-/Food-and-
Nutrition/-/4-to-13-years/Meal-Deal-the-facts-about-a-balanced-diet.aspx

The American Pregnancy Association. (2015, July 1). Diet During Pregnancy. Retrieved August
26, 2018, from americanpregnancy: http://americanpregnancy.org

The Training Room. (2013, March 28). The Importance of a Balanced Diet. Retrieved August
25, 2018, from The training room: https://www.thetrainingroom.com

urbanatural. (2017, December 21). Balanced of Diet of Health Nutrition. Retrieved August 24,
2018, from urbanatural: http://urbanatural.in/wellness/balanced-diet/

World Health Organization, UNICEF.WFP,FAO,FSNAU. (2010). SOMALI NUTRITION

STRATEGY. Retrieved August 27, 2018, from
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKE
wjYtr3Y4dXdAhVQTBoKHVtID0EQFjABegQICRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Freliefw
eb.int%2Fsites%2Freliefweb.int%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2FFull_Report_1768.pdf&usg=
AOvVaw3h099M_g6xIt3o22oGmbbs

[33]
Appendices

Appendix 1

Questioners

Dear, Respondents
My name is faiso Osman farah I am doing my undergraduate course of NUTRITION AND

FOOD SCIENCE at university of Bosaso Garowe, I have done my course work and as final
requirement for my bachelor degree to carry out this research my research topic is mother’s
knowledge awareness and behavior on balanced diet in garowe Puntland Somalia.

I kindly request you to fill this questionnaire the best of your knowledge and your commitment
the research is strictly academic purpose and all information accessed will be based on outmost
confendiality

Questionnaire

Section A: socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents

No Question Respondent Code

1 Age in years 1. 15-25
2. 25-30
3. 35-40
2 Level of education 1. Illiterate
2. Primary
3. Secondary
4. University
3 Marital state 1. Marriage
2. Diversity
3. Windows
4. Another
4 Occupation 1. House wife
2. Employed

[34]
 3. Self employed
4. Other
5 Family income in dollar 1. Low income >250
2. Middle income <250-
500
3. High income >500

Section B awareness mothers on balanced diet

1 You have ever got information about nutrients 1. Yes

for pregnancy and lactation mother? 2. No

2 If yes where did you hear/ read that 1. Radio and VT

information? 2. Family
member
3. Friendly
4. Others
3 Do you aware the micro nutrient is important 1. Yes
for the development of mothers & infant 2. No

health?

4 Do you aware about the food sources of micro 1. Meat

nutrient? 2. Beans
3. Vegetable
4. Fruit
5. Milk
6. No I am not
aware

5 Are you aware that during pregnancy there is 1.

more need for iron? 2. Yes
3. No

[35]
6 Do you know different sources of Vitamin A? 1. Milk
2. Carrot
3. Vegetable
4. none of than
5. I don’t know
7 Do you aware important of balanced diet and 1. Yes
nutrition? 2. No

Section C knowledge mothers balanced diet

1 Which time breastfeeding after delivery 1. Immediate

in your baby? breastfeeding
2. After half hour’s
delivery
3. One and half hours
after delivery
4. After one day of
birth
2 Are you advise you about what type 1. Yes
of food that should be taken during 2. No

pregnancy?
3 Factors effecting mother’s 1. are there lack of
knowledge of balanced diet? knowledge?
2. lack of enough
awareness on
balanced diet
3. I don’t know

4 Do you have knowledge about the 1. Yes

mothers of diet? 2. No

[36]
1 Do you believe there are certain 1. Yes
foods to be taken during pregnancy? 2. No

2 Do you believe that balanced diet is 1. Yes

very essential for mother health 2. No

promotion and decreased prevention

disease?

3 Do you believe essential food for 1. Yes

vegetable during pregnancy and 2. No

lactation of mother?
4 In your attitude which of the 1. Vitamin
following is essential for mothers’ 2. Mineral
health during pregnancy? 3. Water
4. All above
5. I don’t know

[37]
 APPENDIXII: TIME FRAME

Every activity or project should follow pre-planned time frame and the researcher will
accomplish his activities in accordance with the following time frame:

S/ Start Date End Date Activity Person Responsible

N
1. 10 Aug 2018 20 Aug 2018 Topic Selection and submission Researcher with supervisor
to tutor

2. 21 Aug 2018 25 Aug 2018 Preparation of content, Budget Researcher and his assistants
and Time frame.

3. 1 Sep 2018 29 Sep 2018 Completion of Chapter One, Researcher and data analysis
two and three consultant

4. 1 Oct 2018 21 Oct 2018 Completion of Chapter four and Researcher and his assistants
five
5. 23 Oct 2018 29 Act 2018 Submission of final draft to Researcher and Supervisor
supervisor
6. 1 Nov 2018 5 Nov 2018 Handling report Researcher and Supervisors

[38]
+++++

APPENDIX III: BUDGET

S/N. Item Description Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost

1. Stationery 30 $3 $90

2. Travel to garowe 3 times $5 $15

hospital & MCH
3. Internet 36 Hours $0.5 $18

5. Research Assistant 2 $5 $10

6. Data Analysis 2 $5 $10

8. Copies pages of Final 70ges $3.5 $20

report

Grand Total $163

[39]