1NH18ME069

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi, Karnataka-590 014
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
“DESIGN OF ACOUSTIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER”

Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
MANOJ B 1NH18ME069
VEERANJAN REDDY B 1NH18ME114
VINAY KUMAR M 1NH18ME117
JAYANTH T C 1NH19ME401
Under the guidance of

Dr. NAGABHUSHANA N
Senior Asst. Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NEW HORIZON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BANGALORE-560103
2021-22
NEW HORIZON
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Colege Permanently Afflated to VTU, Approved by AICTE&UGC
Accredited by NAAC with 'A' Grade, Accredited by NBA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the Project work entitled "DESIGN OF ACOUSTIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER"
carried out by MAN0J B (1NH18ME069), VEERANJAN REDDY B (1NH18ME114), VINAY
KUMAR M (1NH18ME117), JAYANTH T C (1NH19ME401), the Bonafide students at New

Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,

Belgaum during the year 2021-22. It is further certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated
for internal assessment has been
incorporated in the report deposited in the
department library. The
Project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project Work
prescribed for the Bachelor of Epginering degree.

Mneering
Mo
Signatufe ofthe Guide
Dr. NAGABHUSAHNA N STOmature of the HOD
Dr. SHRDHAR KURSE ienature thh Princinal
Senior Asst. Professor Prof and HOD-ME Dr. MAUNATHA
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering. Principal
NHCE
Namefs) of the student: University Seat Number:

MANOJ B 1NH18ME069
VEERANJAN REDDYB INH18ME114
JAYANTHTC 1NH19ME401
Exterpal Viva Examiner: Signature ieh Vater

LJe-A
2.
SucH11H. k-5.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank the Lord Almighty for showering His blessings on us.
It is indeed a great pleasure to recall the people who have helped us in carrying
out this project. Naming all the people who have helped us in achieving this goal would
be impossible, yet we attempt to thank a selected few who have helped use in diverse
ways.
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Manjunatha, Principal, NHCE,
Bangalore, for providing us with facilities to carry out this project.
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Shridhar Kurse, Prof. &
HOD-Mechanical Engg., for his constant encouragement and cooperation.
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our teacher and guide Dr.
Nagabhushana N, Senior Asst. Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engg.,
NHCE, for his valuable suggestions, guidance, care & attention shown during the
planning, conduction stages of this project work.
We express our sincere thanks to project coordinators, all the staff members and
non-teaching staff of Department of Mechanical Engg., for the kind cooperation extended
by them.
We thank our parents for their support and encouragement throughout the course
of our studies.
MANOJ B 1NH18ME069
VEERANJAN REDDY B 1NH18ME114
JAYANTH T C 1NH19ME401
DECLARATION
We MANOJ B,
VEERANJAN REDDY B, VINAY KUMAR M. JAYANTH TC
Students of tinal semester B.E
Mechanical Engineering. New Horizon College ot
Engineering. Bengaluru, hereby declare that the
dissertation entitled "DESIGN OF
ACOUSTIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER" has
been carried out by my group and submitca
in partial fultillment of the
requirement of the award of B.E in Mechanical engineering
by New Horizon College of
Engineering. Bengaluru during the academic year 2021
2022. I hereby declare that the entire work embodied in
this dissertation has been
carried out by me and no part of it has been
submitted for anydegree ofany institution
previously.
Date: lao7
Signature of the student
Place: Bangalore
MANOJ B
Jinayiman,H
VINAY KUMAR M
(INH18ME069) (INH18MI117)
VEERAAN T
REDDY B JAY ANTH T C
INH18ME114) (INH19MEJ01)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above declaration made by the candidate is corre:t to the
best of my knowledge and belief.
f uL
Place: Bangalore Dr. NAABHUSHANA N

Date: 4 o t 0 Senior Asst. Professor
Department of Mechanical Engg.
NHCE, Bangalore.
ABSTRACT
Our project's goal is to design a fire extinguisher. Based on sound

waves, a novel fire extinguisher approach has been developed. With a
short response time, deals with firefighting operations. The goal of a
sound wave extinguisher is to determine the frequency range within
which a fire can be put out. It aids fire fighters in putting out fires at
an early stage. Between 40Hz and 60Hz, fire can be quenched, and
the sound wave can extinguish all forms of flames. The fire must be
put out while it is still in its early stages, when the heat and flame
created by the fire are at their lowest levels. The project's goal is to
put out the fire as soon as possible to improve human safety and
protection. Our team's contribution to this project is the creation of a
wireless 360° rotating vehicle that can be operated via a cell phone.
The extinguisher can detect fire and extinguish it promptly.
CONTENTS
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Declaration
Abstract
List of figures
List of Tables
Page no:
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Introduction to Mechanism 2
1.2.1 Steering Mechanism 2
1.2.2 Rack and pinion & Recirculating ball Steering System 2
1.3 Introduction to fire 4
1.3.1 Fire Extinguishing Methods 5
1.4 Introduction to Sound Waves 6
1.4.1 Characteristics of sound waves 10
1.4.1.1 Reflection of sound waves 10
1.4.1.2 Refraction of sound waves 11
1.4.1.3 Diffraction of sound waves 12
1.5 Sound as a Fire Extinguisher Hypothesis 13
1.5.1 Scope of the present investigation 13
1.5.2 Sound-flame interactions and using sound wave as flame 13
extinguisher
CHAPTER 2
2.1 Literature Review 15
2.1.1 The use of an artificial intelligence in flame detection 19
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Methodology 21
3.2 Design and Drafted Diagram 22
3.3 Description of model 24
3.3.1 Working 24
3.3.2 List of Components 24
3.4 Wire connection Diagram 30
CHAPTER 4
4.1 Result and Discussion 31
4.1.1 3D Modelling 31
4.1.2 Preparation of Model 32
4.2 Arduino Coding 35
4.3 Results after testing the model 36
4.3.1 Discussion of Results obtained 38
4.3.1.1 Sound Pressure Level and Power 38
Characteristics as a Function of Frequency
4.3.1.2 Sound Pressure level characteristics as a 39
Function of distance from the extinguisher output
CHAPTER 5
5.1 Conclusion 41
CHAPTER 6
6.1 Scope for the Future Work 42
REFERENCES 43
LIST OF FIGURES
Sl. No Page. No
1. Fig-1.1 Rack and Pinion & Recirculating ball Steering System 3
2. Fig-1.2 Elements required for the formation of fire 4
3. Fig-1.3 Sound Wave 6
4. Fig-1.4 Frequency range of sound wave 7
5. Fig-1.5 Representation of wavelength and amplitude 8
6. Fig-1.6 Graphical representation of high and low pitch amplitude 9
7. Fig-1.7 Scenario of reflection of sound waves 11
8. Fig-1.8 Representation of Refraction of sound waves 11
9. Fig-1.9 Representation of diffraction of sound Waves 12
10. Fig- 1.10 Sound Temperature v/s Pressure 14
11. Fig-3.1 Methodology 21
12. Fig- 3.2 (a), (b) Top and front view of draft 22-23
13. Fig- 3.3 Arduino Uno 25
14. Fig- 3.4 Sub-woofer 26
15. Fig- 3.5 Vortex Tube 26
16. Fig- 3.6 Setup of Vortex tube along with subwoofer, mobile and amplifier 27
17. Fig- 3.7 Bluetooth Module 28
18. Fig-3.8 Battery Pack 29
19. Fig-3.9 Circuit Diagram 30
20. Fig- 4.1 CAD Design 31
21. Fig- 4.2 (a), (b), (c) Images representing preparation of model 32-33
22. Fig- 4.3 Final Prototype 34
23. Fig - 4.4 Arduino Coding 35

LIST OF TABLES
Sl. No Page. No
1. Table-1.1 List of class, method, and suitable extinguishers for fire 5
2. Table-2.1 Literature Survey 16-18
3. Table-4.1 Readings of Frequency v/s Time 36
4. Table-4.2 Readings of Distance v/s Time 37
5. Table-4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of sound wave fire extinguisher 40
LIST OF CHARTS
Sl. No Page. No
1. Chart 4.1: Graphical representation of Frequency v/s Time 36

2. Chart 4.2: Graphical representation of Distance v/s Time 37
DESIGN OF ACOUSTIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER 2021-22
CHAPTER 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Firefighting and rescue operations are considered risky tasks. They are ideal targets for robots.
The technology directs firefighters away from danger. In addition, it is much more economical
victim. Several fire departments have developed and deployed firefighting and rescue robots.
However, the robot's performance is not enough, they are reviewed and tested the results views:
"size & weight", "cost & performance" & "resource availability to turn off fire”. A robot is a
mechanical and virtual intelligent agent that can perform tasks automatic or guided, often by
voice. Extinguishers today contain different types of chemicals, depending on their application.
Usually, they are pressurized with nitrogen or carbon dioxide (CO2), when this pressure is
released into the fire will extinguish the fire, as we know, there are many extinguishing agents
such as water, potassium bichromate, volatile fluorocarbons, etc. These resources are limited
during the time of extinguishing the fire. Although this kind of behavior fire, there is a chance to
extinguish it with sound. If we discuss the process of preventing fire spread, with enough fuel
and oxygen and cause the heating element to burn, the first heating element from any source
ignites fuel in the presence of oxygen, so when the air molecules start burning, these molecules
now act as a heating element for other molecules around it and the process. Convection
(movement of air) occurs naturally on the ground. In short, we can say that fire is made to
spread by heating elements. What if we remove this heating element or move it out fuel. This
particular task is performed by sound and the fire can be easily extinguished without any risk to
the human life and risks to nature.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 1

1.2. INTRODUCTION TO MECHANISM

1.2.1. Steering Mechanism
Directing is the assortment of parts, linkages, and so on which permit Ships (boat, boat) or
vehicle (vehicle, cruiser, bike) to follow the ideal course.
The most ordinary directing game plan is to turn the front wheels utilizing a hand-worked
controlling wheel which is situated before the driver, by means of the guiding section, which
might contain general joints (which may likewise be essential for the folding controlling
segment plan), to permit it to stray to some degree from a straight line. Different plans are at
times tracked down on various kinds of vehicles, for instance, a turner or back tire controlling.
Followed vehicles, for example, tractors and tanks for the most part utilize differential
controlling — that is, the tracks are made to move at various velocities or even in inverse
bearings, utilizing grips and brakes, to achieve a shift of direction or course.
1.2.2. Rack and pinion & Recirculating ball Steering System

Numerous cutting-edge vehicles use rack and pinion controlling components, where the guiding
wheel turns the pinion gear; the pinion moves the rack, which is a direct stuff that lattices with
the pinion, changing over roundabout movement into straight movement along the cross over
hub of the vehicle (side to side movement). This movement applies guiding force to the turn pin
rotating conjunctures that supplanted recently utilized head honchos of the stub pivot of the
controlled wheels through tie bars and a short switch arm called the directing arm.
The rack and pinion configuration enjoys the benefits of an enormous level of input and direct
guiding "feel". An inconvenience is that it isn't flexible, so that when it does wear and foster
lash the main fix is substitution.
More seasoned plans utilize two primary standards: the worm and area plan and the screw and
nut. The two sorts were upgraded by diminishing the grating; for screw and nut it is the
recycling ball system, which is as yet tracked down on trucks and utility vehicles. The
controlling segment turns a huge screw which networks with nut by recycling balls. The nut
moves an area of a stuff, making it pivot about its hub as the screw is turned; an arm joined to
the hub of the area moves the Pitman arm, which is associated with the directing linkage and in
this way controls the wheels.
The recycling ball variant of this device diminishes the extensive grating by putting huge

metal balls between the screw and the nut; at one or the flip side of the contraption the balls exit
from between the two pieces into a channel interior to the container which interfaces them with
the opposite end.
The recycling ball component enjoys the benefit of a lot more prominent mechanical benefit,
with the goal that it was found on bigger, heavier vehicles while the rack and pinion was
initially restricted to more modest and lighter ones; because of the practically widespread
reception of force controlling, in any case, this is presently not a significant benefit, prompting
the rising utilization of rack and pinion on fresher vehicles. flexible by means of a screw on the
finish of the directing box to represent wear, however it can't be killed in light of the fact that it
will make exorbitant inside powers at different positions and the system will wear quickly. This
plan is still being used in trucks and other huge vehicles, where speed of controlling and direct
feel is less significant than strength, viability, and mechanical benefit.
Fig 1.1- Rack and pinion & Recirculating ball Steering System
1. Longitudinal Wave-otherwise called pressure wave which gives pressure and rarefaction
while moving in a similar bearing or inverse. The removal of the medium can be the other way
around.
2. Transverse Wave-known as moving wave and has number of motions happening

opposite from the energy where it is moved. One of the most amazing reasons is light. Mode of
dislodging is opposite to the wave engendering of heading.

1.3. INTRODUCTION TO FIRE
Fire is a self-maintaining, synthetic chain response with shifting levels of light and intensity.
Fire is the discernible piece of the fire. Fires start when a combustible or potentially a
flammable material, in mix with a satisfactory amount of an oxidizer for example, oxygen gas is
presented to a wellspring of intensity or surrounding temperature over the glimmer stage for the
fuel/oxidizer blend and can endure a pace of fast oxidation that creates a chain response. Fire is
comprised of four parts Fuel, Oxygen Heat and Chemical Chain Reaction. This is ordinarily
called the fire tetrahedron. Fire can't exist whenever denied of these components set up and in
the right extents.
Fire quenchers are partitioned into four classifications, in light of various sorts of flames. Each
fire quencher likewise has a mathematical rating that fills in as an aide for how much fire the
douser can deal with. The higher the number, the more putting out fires power. Coming up next
is a fast manual for assist with picking the right sort of douser. Likewise perceive how to
purchase a fire quencher. Class A flames are fires in common combustibles like wood, paper,
fabric, garbage, and plastics. Class B fires will be fires in combustible fluids, for example, gas,
oil, and paint. Additionally included are combustible gases like propane and butane. Class B
fires do exclude fires including cooking oils and oil. Class C flames are fires including
empowered electrical gear like engines, transformers, and machines. Eliminate the power and
the Class C fire becomes one of different classes of fire. Class D flames are fires in ignitable
metals like potassium, sodium, aluminum, and magnesium.
Fig 1.2- Elements required for the formation of fire

1.3.1. Fire extinguishing methods

On the off chance that the three pieces of the 'fire triangle' are remembered, dousing a little blast
ought to involve good judgment. The standards of fire elimination express that a fire will be
extinguished in the event that one of the three components are taken out, and this should be
possible utilizing three distinct methodologies. They are Cooling (Cooling the Burning
Material), Starving (Removing Fuel from the Fire), Smothering (Excluding Oxygen from the
Fire).
Table 1.1: List of class, method, and suitable extinguishers for fire
Class Source Method Suitable Extinguishers
Water type (CO2 cartridge type)

Cooling Water (stored pressure type)
A Paper Wood Water bucket
Blanketing
Sand bucket
BCF
Petrol CO2
Starvation
B Kerosene Dry chemical power
Smothering
Diesel Sand bucket
LPG CNG Smothering

C Starvation BCF CO2
Sodium
D Phosphorus Smothering Special type DCP
Motors Smothering CO2 DCP

E
Transformer Starvation
F/K Oil Blanketing AFFF fire extinguisher

1.4. INTRODUCTION TO SOUND WAVES
Fig 1.3- Sound wave
Sound is a type of energy, very much like power, intensity, or light. At the point when you
strike a ringer, it makes an uproarious ringing clamor. Presently rather than simply standing by
listening to the ringer, put your finger on the chime after you have struck it. Might you at any
point feel it shaking? This development or shaking, i.e., the as well and for movement of the
body is named as Vibration. The sound travels through a medium by on the other hand
contracting and extending portions of the medium it is going through. This pressure and
development make brief strain contrast that we see as sound.
Sound is a vibration that engenders as a distinguishable mechanical rush of tension and

dislodging, through a medium like air or water. Sound engenders through compressible media
like air, water, and solids as longitudinal waves and furthermore as a cross over wave (in
solids). The sound waves are produced by a sound source, like the vibrating stomach of a
speaker. The sound source makes vibrations I n the encompassing medium. As the source keeps

on vibrating the medium, the vibrations spread away from the source at the speed of sound,
subsequently framing the sound wave. At a decent separation from the source, the tension,
speed, and removal of the medium change in time. At a moment in time, the strain, speed, and
relocation fluctuate in space.
Fig 1.4- Frequency range of sound wave
The particles of the medium don't go with the sound wave; the vibrations of particles in the fluid
or gas move the vibrations, while the mean area of the particles over the long run doesn't
change. During spread, waves can be reflected, refracted, or diminished by the medium. The
matter that conveys the sound is known as the medium and sound can't go through a vacuum.
Sound is communicated through gases, plasma, and fluids as longitudinal waves. Longitudinal
sound waves will be rushes of exchanging pressure deviations from the balance pressure,
causing neighborhood districts of pressure and rarefaction, while cross over waves (in solids)
are floods of rotating shear pressure at right point to the course of engendering. Also, sound
waves might be seen just by illustrative mirrors and items that produce sound. Sound waves are
consistently smoothed out to a depiction as far as sinusoidal plane waves, which are described
by these normal properties: recurrence, frequency, wave number, plentifulness, sound tension,
sound power, speed of sound, and heading. Sound that is noticeable by people has frequencies
from around 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. In air at standard temperature and strain, the relating
frequencies of sound waves range from 17 m to 17 mm.

We hear a wide range of clamors, shouting, yelling, snickering and this isn't simply limited to people.
Creatures likewise make clamors, and these are particularly unique in relation to the human voice. To
comprehend this, we will investigate a portion of the fundamental properties of the sound waves. At
the point when sound waves are addressed in a wave structure, we quickly notice a few fundamental
qualities. The waveform is a pictorial portrayal of the strain variety all around which goes as sound.
These waves are on the other hand locales of high tension and low strain. On account of the
waveform, sound waves currently appear to be basically the same as light and other electromagnetic
radiation. Sound is delivered by vibrations in a medium, generally air. Sound ventures when the
unsettling influence at the source is sent to adjoining particles and spread as a wave. The subsequent
example of swaying pressure re is known as a waveform.
Fig 1.5- Representation of wavelength and amplitude
Abundancy of sound: It is the degree to which air particles are dislodged, and this sufficiency of
sound or sound adequacy is capable as the clamor of sound.

Fig 1.6- Shows the different between sound waves with high and low amplitude wavelength
The waveform portrayal changes over the strain varieties of sound waves into a pictorial chart which
is clearer. A sound wave is made of areas of high tension exchanged by an area of low strain. The
high-pressure regions are addressed as the pinnacles of the chart. The low-pressure regions are
portrayed in the Valleys. The actual distance between two sequential pinnacles or valleys in a sound
wave is alluded to as the Wavelength of the sound wave. It is marked in the picture above.

Recurrence/Pitch of the Sound Waves Frequency in a sound wave alludes to the pace of the vibration
of the sound going through the air. This boundary concludes whether a sound is seen as sharp or low
pitched. In sound, recurrence is otherwise called Pitch. The recurrence of the vibrating wellspring of
sound is determined in cycles each second. The SI Unit for
Recurrence being hertz and its definition being '1/T' where T alludes to the time span of the wave.
Time span is the time expected for the wave to finish one cycle. Frequency and recurrence of a sound
wave are connected numerically as: Velocity of Sound = Frequency * Wavelength.
The underneath diagrams can be utilized for seeing more about sound. The principal diagram
addresses a sound wave from a drum while the subsequent chart addresses the sound wave from a
whistle. You most likely definitely know the distinction in the sounds yet examine the distinction in
their frequencies.
1.4.1. Characteristics of sound waves

Sound can't go through a vacuum. This is a lot of conversely, with the property of light. Another
distinction which is over the extent of the schedule is the way that sound waves are by and large
longitudinal waves and light waves are cross over waves. However, they're not extremely unique by
the same token. We should investigate the qualities of sound while engendering through air.
1.4.1.1. Reflection of sound waves:
This property of sound is liable for the peculiarity of Echo. Additionally, the moving of thunder is to
a great extent because of the rehashed reflections from the mists and land surfaces. The impression of
sound follows similar standard as light waves. The point of occurrence is equivalent to the point of
reflection. For an obvious reflection, the reflecting surface ought to have a huge surface region,
similar to a cloud. This rule of reflection is utilized in an innovation known as SONAR (Sound
Navigation and Ranging) where the sound waves are utilized, normally submerged, to explore and
impart. The sound waves that reflect from objects are utilized to recognize objects on or underneath
the water.

Fig 1.7- Scenario of reflection of sound waves
1.4.1.2. Refraction of sound waves:

Refraction in light happens when the thickness of the medium wherein light is voyaging changes.
Also, Refraction in Sound happens when the thickness of the air it is going through changes. The
thickness of a gas diminishes with the climb in temperature, contrarily corresponding. As a matter of
fact, it is so like light waves that it even goes through Total Internal Reflection.
Fig 1.8- Representation of Refraction of sound waves

1.4.1.3. Diffraction of sound waves:

Contemplate this briefly. Assuming you shut the entryway and yell for your companion outside your
room, he can in any case hear you. Sound waves can twist around obstructions. If there is a little
opening in the entryway, the little opening itself would go about as a restricted wellspring of the
sound. Diffraction of sound waves is a significant piece of our experience of our general
surroundings. The lightning strikes near your sound like a sharp break but the far-off strikes sound of
profound thundering thunder. This is on the grounds that the more deeply tones of sound waves can
twist across deterrents better than the sharp sounds, so you hear just the profound thundering. Light
waves also go through diffraction yet of an essentially lesser size.
Fig 1.9- Representation of diffraction of sound Waves

1.5. SOUND AS A FIRE EXTINGUISHER HYPOTHESIS

"Sound waves are delivered by variety in the strain of a medium the energy from the vibration maker
moves to air particles in an example of high-and low-pressure zones. Acoustics builds the air speed
fire is diminished and higher fuel vaporization augments the fire. Flares are doused in light of the fact
that the sound waves change the pneumatic stress A decline in strain can prompt a reduction in
temperature If the greatest and least tensions brought about by a sound wave are sufficiently
different, the fire will go out"
1.5.1. Scope of the present investigation
Objectives
• To check the recurrence range used to stifle fire.
• To distinguish an ideal scope of frequencies.
• To distinguish the recurrence range that will actually want to smother an open fire.
• To recognize an ideal scope of frequencies where to accomplish the base sound energy while
quenching fire.
• To investigate the physical science of sound-fire communications.
1.5.2. Sound-flame interactions and using sound wave as flame extinguisher
Sound wave was viewed as one of the choices in making new technique in fire smothering
innovation. There are a few parts of the burning that can be impacted by sound wave. The fire Air-
Fuel Ratio at the limits which is at the least lean constraint of the burning of powers can be impacted
by sound wave by changing the speed of its medium (air). Moreover, the progressions in air speed
changes can likewise influence the stream pace of the fuel around the intensity source as well as
expanding the convective intensity move of the intensity source and decreasing the normal
temperature of the fire. These impacts are like fire pass over attributes.

Fig 1.10- Sound Temperature v/s Pressure
The standard examination for the sound wave impact on the fire is portrayed in Figure The strain
variances because of the sound wave proliferation will cause a tremendous change in temperature
profile close to the fire. High strain to low tension as well as the other way around will cause quick
change on the temperature as indicated by the principal law of thermodynamic. The mix activities of
fluctuating temperature, tension and air-fuel proportion to the fire will influence the fire conduct
under the controlled sound wave climate. A tension bother is known to have effect on the consuming
pace of a material and cause ignition insecurities, which could ultimately prompt fire termination.
Contrariwise, ultrasonic recurrence demonstrated to have an impact in synthetic energy of a

responses (Ultrasound in Organic Chemistry). High recurrence excitation on a response will want to
upgrade the burning as well as postponing and bothering the substance response which relies upon
the impacted holding for each particular synthetic compound on specific frequencies. In any case,
ultrasonic application for fire silencer has not been researched because of the consequences of past
examination that shows the ideal recurrence was at 60 Hz.

CHAPTER 2
2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

The new putting out fire’s strategy is basic. Serious mishaps fires are dangerous and perilous. As the
natural issue rises, it could become fundamental for make moves to diminish it. Thus, the new
technique will support fire extinguishment while likewise safeguarding the normal. Something else to
consider is the risk of a mishap in space, in this manner don't utilize a quencher there. A sound wave
quencher is a piece of hardware that can be utilized to extinguish a fire. Many examinations can be
directed to quench a fire, and it is expected to figure out which sound recurrence would create the
best outcomes. With regards to fire extinguishment, vibrations mix with quick stream speed at both
low and high focuses, create at the fire's edge, there are disturbances in the air-fuel proportion,
making the limit contract. Firefighting innovation has blemishes like as being perilous to people and
leaving buildup on DCP chambers, while water-based dousers freeze in frigid temperatures and direct
power. One of the potential fire quencher choices is a sound wave douser.
"The most extreme decrease of misfortunes coming about because of firefighting exercises, both at
the crisis level and at the degree of long-lasting firefighting hardware, requires the use of current and
"clean" advancements for the arrival of the plant and the climate to full usefulness in the briefest
conceivable time following a disappointment. Thus, innovations that are the subject of a distribution,
like proficient utilization of fog, wetting specialists, or acoustic waves, were offered unique
consideration"
"Tests by Law and Axel Baum affirmed hypothetical speculations that the stretch fire highlight,
beginning generally from the activity of vortex super, significantly affects its streamlined bending,
bringing about its elimination"
"Investigations of burning cycles show the way that it tends to be non-constantly smooth now and
again. With significant swaying stream boundaries, shaky consuming was tracked down in age
Industrial burners, any smokers, drive frameworks, airplane motors in, and rockets are instances of
such machines".

Table 2.1: Literature Survey
YEAR AUTHOR & JOURNAL NAME INFERENCE
2020 Ritik Yadav, Ramiz Shirazi, Amit The project titled Designing of Fire Extinguisher
Choudhary, Sandeep Yadav, Rituraj Based on Sound Waves is associated with new
Raghuvanshi - Designing of Fire technique of fire extinguisher.
Extinguisher Based on Sound Waves
2018 Prof. S. R. Gore, Jay Uday Panchpor, The need for innovation and modernization in fire
Sumedh Mandar Vaidya and Kaivalya extinguishing techniques is extremely necessary.
Sunil Patkar - Study of Acoustic Waves Accidents caused due to fire are disastrous and
for Fire Extinguishment: A Review can lead to irreversible losses.
2017 Arunkumar S M, Chandan Kumar The design and fabrication of 360-degree wheel
Sahu, Yubaraj G M, Jahangeer A B - rotation vehicle using DC motor and steering is
The design and fabrication of 360- done to reduce time to turn from one direction to
degree wheel rotation vehicle using DC other direction. This vehicle can move in all
motor and steering is done to reduce direction at a same position by used of steering,
time to turn from one direction to other sprocket, DC motor, bearing and chain drive.
direction
2016 Shirsath S. V, Jadhav K. R. Patil, R.V. The aim of this paper is to develop an alternative
Mohite A.V, Prof. Patil. D - Zero Turn solution for conventional two-wheel steering
Vehicle system.
2016 Shaik Salauddin,Paparao Nalajala, The main motivation of this paper is to eliminate
Bhavana Godavarth - Sound Fire fire disasters in space station using sound. The
Extinguishers in Space Stations paper demonstrates idea of a developing device
which can extinguish fire using sound.
2014 Er. Amitesh Kumar, Dr. Dinesh. N. The various functions of the steering wheel are, to
Kamble - Zero Turn Four Wheel control the angular motion the wheels, direction
Steering System of motion of the vehicle, to provide directional
stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead.

2018 Varsha P, Supriya, Shruthi - The robot can be used to navigate from room to
Autonomous fire extinguishing robot another. It can be built for altering environment
using sound waves and bigger fire as in the case of forest fire. It can
be extended for swarm robotics.
2020 Sarang Choudhary, Aditi Gupta, The Sound Fire Extinguisher's sound component
Sudhanshu Sukhwal - A study on Sound was found to cool the stainless tableware by 10 to
Wave Fire Extinguisher with cooling 20% faster than when the wind of the blade was
rate supplied.
2021 S. Mohanraj, P. Davidkumar, K R. The concept of a fire extinguisher can be quite

Dhanavandan, S S. Tharun -Design of new, and it has many applications in today's world.
Acoustic Soundwave System for Fire For example, installed on all electrical control
Prevention panels, a subwoofer can be installed in a dedicated
circuit.
2017 Joyal Raju, Sheik Mohammed S, Johaan A dual mode firefighting robot which works in
Varkey Paul, Georgy Abel John - both automated and manual mode is presented in
Development and Implementation of this paper. Arduino microcontroller is used as the
Arduino Microcontroller Based Dual processing and control unit of the robot.
Mode Fire Extinguishing Robot
2021 Veerabhadra Sai Sreenivas Sonthena, K. The concept of extinguishing the fire with acoustic
Nanda Vanamali, Bhagavatula Krishna oscillations/sound may be an innovative,
Sai Praneeth, U. Sruthi - Design and renewable, and green one. The Frequency at which
fabrication of acoustic wave-based fire the flame may be suppressed tiers optimally from
extinguisher 60Hz – 53Hz.
2019 Madhuri Hembade, Kavita Gunjal, Anita The idea of extinguishing fire with sound is a
Jadhav, Prof. Pallavi Kadam -Fire novel one. A small fire which is left untreated
Extinguisher Using Sound Waves leads to a bigger one.
2017 Jayanth Suresh-Fire-Fighting Robot The robot successfully detected multiple flame
sources and extinguished them from a safe
distance.

2019 Bong-Young Kim and Myung-Jin Bae - Sound Fire Extinguisher is a fire extinguisher that
A Study on the Effect of Wind Around uses a low frequency sound component to break
on Sound Fire Extinguisher through the existing extinguishing facility.
2019 Bong-Young Kim and Myung- Jin Bae - In order to overcome the changed firefighting
A Study on Sound Noise Control environment, it is necessary to develop a new
Method of Sound Fire Extinguisher with firefighting technology. Sound Fire Extinguisher
Wind can provide a new principle in firefighting
technology and can increase firefighting power
along with existing extinguish method.
2019 Bong-Young Kim and Myung- Jin Bae - Sound Fire Extinguisher, which uses sound
A Study on Sound Beam Formation of characteristics, can be an alternative to overcome a
Sound Fire Extinguisher changed firefighting environment.
2017 Baljit Singh Bhui Pratik Gupta Anmol Different mechanisms were adopted by trial-and-
Pawar Mohd Javed error method, in order to facilitate the engagement
of the wheels in the required direction, and the
most convenient method was adopted.
2020 Mohammad Ubaid Ur Rahmaan, Mohd A prototype for the proposed approach was
Jaber, Abdul Rahman, Asst. Prof. developed by introducing steering and servo motor
Attalique Rabbani -360 Degree Wheel to wheel rotate 360 degrees.
Rotation Vehicle
2019 Amlan Sahu, Sabih Momin, Suraj Singh, Using the frequencies of about 30-35 MHz and a
Yash Karve - Low frequency based fire distance of around 1 mts we were successfully able
extinguisher to extinguish a flame.
2018 S.Sundar, T.Sudarsanan, Radha Based on this mechanism, we can apply to any
Krishnan -Review of Design and vehicle which is used in sandy surfaces and hills
Fabrication of four wheel Steering stations. and to apply the goods caring robots to
system get crab steering and zero radius steering by using
differential locking mechanism.

2.1.1. The use of an artificial intelligence in flame detection
Image processing has many applications, which may be exemplified by vision systems equipped with
artificial intelligence, which can support human work in firefighting operations. Both visible and
infrared band imaging can be applied for this purpose. In practice, the acoustic fire extinguisher can
be equipped with an intelligent sensor so that there is no need to use traditional smoke and
temperature sensors. This application of artificial intelligence is particularly suitable in places where
the use of classical sensors is hampered. Therefore, the most common destination of these sensors is
the flame detection in the open space outside the buildings. The advantage is the high speed of data
processing (less than 10 m/s), and thus the time delay practically does not exist (a human does not
participate in the data processing chain). A recent innovation is the use of artificial intelligence to
detect flames. Equipping an acoustic fire extinguisher with an intelligent module may allow the
flames to be extinguished automatically if detected without human intervention. From a practical
point of view, there is then almost no time delay between the detection of the flame and the start of
the extinguishing action. This technique can be used primarily to quickly extinguish firebreaks.
Research into flame detection using artificial intelligence is relevant in this area. Visual salience has
an important role in deepening awareness of the environment being analyzed. For illustrative
purposes, example images used in the development of the acoustic fire extinguisher equipped with a
deep neural network module are provided. An image that has a single flame is easier to process than
an image that will contain multiple flames.
There are many categories of fire detection methods. Some of them use color rules and some use
machine learning. Detailed considerations on this matter are included in. To be able to properly select
the color space and fire pixel detection rules, the use of multiple images is recommended. Since the
models in RGB color space are sensitive to luminance changes, among others, chromatic models in
YCbCr and HSV spaces are applied. Machine learning based on logistic regression may achieve very
good robustness to smoke and color changes. What is new in recent years is the research in terms of
the possibility of using vision systems equipped with artificial intelligence that can support human
work in firefighting operations. This is essential, because during a Symmetry 2021, 13, 1299 11 of 16
fire, help should be brought to where it is most necessary. Artificial vision systems may be a part of
wheeled mobile robots or special purpose robots as shown in. The concept of human-like visual
attention-based artificial vision (HVAAV) achieves visual attention similar to humans by using
machine learning. Hybridization allows parameters to be adjusted to the manner in which humans

perceive reality. The WIFI Bot-M from NEXTER Robotics, among others, can be used for this
purpose. In this case, the control may be implemented using a joystick or a virtual simulation. In turn,
papers describe examples of a hardware fire detection module in terms of the possibility of the use of
deep neural networks for flame detection in the acoustic extinguisher. As previously indicated, the
main aim of this paper was to analyze the possibility of flame suppression using low frequency
acoustic waves and frequency sweeping techniques. For this reason, the paper omitted new
algorithms for image processing, analysis, and recognition (discrimination). Information on this topic
can be found in the bibliography of the article. A comparative summary is provided.
Nevertheless, the essence of vision processing in combination with the acoustic extinguisher was
signaled, which is the subject of other articles cited in the bibliography of this paper. In this context,
for image processing, the Open-Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) was applied. Such a
module can be integrated into the acoustic fire extinguisher (its detection efficiency is over 70%).
This is essential because the acoustic system does not need to be manually switched into active
mode by a human. A deep neural network detects the flames, and if there are identified, the acoustic
extinguisher may be activated automatically. Ongoing research is looking at combining the two
techniques, making it possible to detect flames using an intelligent sensor and then extinguish them
with eco-friendly acoustic technology using low-frequency acoustic waves and frequency sweeping
techniques.

CHAPTER 3
3.1. METHODOLOGY
• Studying various journals papers

• Selected successful model
• Studying Problem statement for selected model
• Overcoming the Problem
• Redesigning the model
• Finalizing Dimensions
• Sketching the model
• Selecting the material work efficiently and cost effective
• Fabrication
• Testing
• Result and conclusion
Fig 3.1- Methodology

3.2. DESIGN AND DRAFTED DIAGRAM
Fig 3.2(a)- Top View

Fig 3.2(b)- Front View

3.3. DESCRIPTION OF MODEL

3.3.1. WORKING
The point of our venture is to consolidate every one of the four methods of guiding system in single
vehicle. This can be gotten by altering the conventional controlling system and utilizing changed
differential stuff enclose instance of zero-degree range turning. In which the vehicle pivots on the
position. The rule we utilized for project is to making changes in guiding component. The
progressions are given beneath.
1. There are two controlling segments (Rack and Pinion), one for front wheel guiding and one
more for back tire directing.
2. One extra controlling shaft is utilized to associate front guiding segment with back directing
section utilizing knuckle joints and pin.
3. Modifying differential stuff box so that during zero degree turning span, one side of wheel is
permitted to pivot clockwise, and one more is permitted to turn counterclockwise.
4. The controlling methods of vehicle can be changed by moving the place of tie bars of
directing section on guide plates.
5. We Performed the testing of extinguishing of Class A fire by constructing a vortex tube and
frequency generator, the results will be discussed in further report.
3.3.2. LIST OF COMPONENTS
• Arduino uno
• Sound amplifier
• Speaker 250watt
• Bluetooth Module
• Battery 12v 4.5ah
• Microcontrollers
• MOTOR CLAMSP
• MS Pipe
• Wheels
• MG995 servo

a) Arduino uno
Here Arduino uno is utilized It is utilized to create a clock of exact recurrence utilizing consistent
voltage. Arduino uno contrast from other Arduino as it tiny so it reasonable for little measured
ventures and it upholds breadboards so it very well may be stopped with different parts in just a
single breadboard. There is one restriction utilizing Arduino Nano that it doesn't accompany DC
power jack, implies you can't supply outer power source through a battery. The Arduino uno is the
favored board for some tasks requiring a little and simple to utilize microcontroller board. This will
permit you to make bigger projects than with the Arduino Uno (it has half more program memory),
and with much more factors (the RAM is 200% greater). The Arduino uno has a few offices for
speaking with a PC, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers.
Fig 3.3- Arduino uno
b) Subwoofer
A subwoofer (or sub) is a woofer, or a total amplifier, which is devoted to the multiplication of
pitched sound frequencies known as bass. The common recurrence range for a subwoofer is around
20-60 Hz for buyer items under 100 Hz for proficient live sound, and under 80 Hz in THX-supported
frameworks. Subwoofers are planned to expand the low recurrence scope of amplifiers covering
higher recurrence groups. Subwoofers are comprised of at least one woofer mounted in an amplifier
nook frequently made of wood fit for enduring gaseous tension while opposing distortion. Subwoofer
nooks arrive in different plans, including bass reflex (with a port or uninvolved radiator in the nook),
boundless confuse, horn-stacked, and band pass plans, addressing one-of-a-kind tradeoffs as for
effectiveness, data transfer capacity, size, and cost. Detached subwoofers have a subwoofer driver
and nook, and they are fueled by an outside enhancer. Dynamic subwoofers incorporate an implicit
intensifier.

Fig 3.4- Sub Woofer
c) Vortex cannon
An air vortex gun works fundamentally by applying force rapidly and productively to air particles
contained in a semi-encased space. At the point when the stretchy inflatable surface at the rear of the
cannon snaps forward, it impacts straightforwardly with air particles, speeding up them towards the
launch of the gun and setting off a chain response of rapid crashes with other air atoms and the sides
of the gun's barrel. The main way for these impacting highspeed air particles to escape is out through
the opening toward the finish of the barrel. The quick getaway of the air particles shapes a stream, or
fly, of air that streams straight out of the cannon. At the point when a stream of air gets away from
the launch of air vortex gun into the still air outside, it frames a steady doughnut formed vaporous
shot. This flying gas doughnut is known as a toroidal vortex or vortex ring, thus the name air vortex
gun. A toroidal vortex is brought about by the rubbing of the fly of air with the edges of the gun's
opening and the sluggish air outside the air gun. As the rapid fly of digitally embellish against the
hard round opening of the gun and the sluggish air outside, its edges delayed down and twist move in
an opposite direction from the focal point of the fly, framing a doughnut shape, likewise called a
torus.
Fig 3.5- Vortex Tube

d) Air vortex
The still air around the vortex has a moderately high strain that balances out the ring as it goes ahead,
assisting it with keeping its shape. To see the toroidal vortex produced by your cannon, have a
grown-up fill the barrel with a little haze from a haze machine or with the CO2 gas gathered from dry
ice sitting in room-temperature water.
Vortex rings can happen pretty much any time a fly of a liquid is shot into a mass of still liquid,
whether or not those liquids are gases or fluids. Vortices like the ones produced with your air cannon
are made by a few things, for example, helicopter cutting edges or greeneries that scatter their spores
by shooting them outward. You can notice vortex rings in a fluid by dropping food color straight
down into a glass of cold water. Whales and dolphins even blow vortices with bubbles submerged.
Fig 3.6- Setup of Vortex tube along with subwoofer, mobile and amplifier
e) Potable fire extinguisher
It comprises of cell phone. The capability of the portable is to produce the sine signal. These
produced sine signals are given to the subwoofer. The subwoofer is connected with the enhancer. The
result from the subwoofer is made to course through the improved vortex gun.
f) Bluetooth module
Bluetooth is a remote innovation standard for trading information over brief distances (utilizing
short-frequency UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz) from fixed and cell

phones and building individual region organizations (PANs). Range is roughly 10 Meters (30 feet).
These modules depend on the Cambridge Silicon Radio BC417 2.4 GHz Bluetooth Radio chip. This
is an intricate chip which utilizes an outside 8 Mbit streak memory.
• HC-06 is a Slave just gadget. (It looks genuinely very much like the HC-05). (Note: Now HC-
06 not less expensive)
• These little (3 cm long) modules run on 3.3V power with 3.3V sign levels, they have no pins
and typically bind to a bigger board. (See model beneath)
• The module has two methods of activity, Command Mode where we can send AT orders to it
and Data Mode where it communicates and gets information to another Bluetooth module.
• "Breakout" Boards that make these simple to utilize are accessible and suggested. These
mount the sub-module like that displayed on the right on a somewhat bigger board. NOTE:
Sellers frequently name them "HC-05" or "HC-06", yet they have another model number on
the opposite side. The vast majority of these sheets support activity at 5V power and point of
interaction to 5V Arduino signal levels with some method of level moving.
Fig 3.7- Bluetooth Module
g) Battery 12v 4.5ah
A battery is a game plan of a few electrochemical cells associated in series, that can be utilized as a
wellspring of direct electric flow. A battery is a game plan of a few electrochemical cells associated
in series that can be utilized as a wellspring of direct electric flow.

Fig 3.8- Battery Pack
A cell: Contains just a single anode and cathode

A Battery: Contains a few anodes and cathodes
Prerequisites of a battery
A valuable battery ought to satisfy the accompanying necessities.
It ought to be light and minimized for simple vehicle.
It ought to have long life both when it is being utilized and when it isn't utilized.
The voltage of the battery shouldn't change obviously during its utilization.
SORTS OF BATTERY
1. Essential Battery (or) Primary cells
In these cells, the terminal and the cathode responses can't be saved by passing an outer
electrical energy. The responses happen just a single time and after use they become dead.
Subsequently, they are not chargeable.
Model: Dry cell, mercury cell.
2. Auxiliary Battery (or) Secondary cells
In these cells, the cathode responses can be turned around by passing an outside electrical
energy. Accordingly, they can be re-energized by passing electric flow and utilized over and
over. These are additionally called Storage cells (or) Accumulators.
Model: Lead corrosive capacity cell, Nickel - cadmium cell.

3. Stream battery (or) Fuel cell
In these cells, the reactants, items, and electrolytes are ceaselessly going through the cell. In
this synthetic energy gets changed over into electrical energy.
3.4. WIRE CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Fig 3.9- Wire Connection Diagram

CHAPTER 4
4.1. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1.1. 3D MODELLING
Fig 4.1- CAD Design

4.1.2. PREPARATION OF MODEL
Fig 4.2(a) – Preparation of chassis
Fig 4.2 (b) – Installation of Vortex Tube

Fig 4.2 (c) – Installation of all Sensors and servo motor for wheels

Fig 4.3 - Final prototype

4.2. ARDUINO CODING
Fig 4.3 – Arduino coding

4.3. RESULTS AFTER TESTING THE MODEL
Table 4.1: Readings of Frequency v/s Time
Frequency (Hz) 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Time (Sec) 1.8 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Chart 4.1: Graphical representation of Frequency v/s Time
Frequency v/s Time

2.5
1.5
Time in sec
0.5
0
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Frequency in hz

Table 4.2: Readings of Distance v/s Time
Distance (cm) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (sec) 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.78 0.8 0.9 1 1.2 1.4 1.5
Chart 4.2: Graphical representation of Distance v/s Time
Distance v/s Time

1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Time in sec
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance in cm

4.3.1. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OBTAINED

In order to test our model, we considered 3 main parameters according to our prototype. The 3
parameters that we took into consideration are Frequency, Distance against Time. By this we were
able to test the least time taken by the extinguisher to turn off the fire by altering the frequency range
through mobile, later noting time for different distance. Here we chose Class A fire for our testing.
After completing the experiment, we got the result as the least time that is taken by the model to
extinguish the fire was 0.6 seconds at 53 hertz, this was optimal. If you increase or decrease the
frequency by 1 value, it takes more time than the above. Based on the distance, the time varies
linearly with respect to distance. As we move the model by 10 cm, it takes 0.1-0.2 seconds more than
the previous trial. The optimal distance for this model would be between 10-20 cm to extinguish fire
at least time. This was completely with respect to our prototype and might vary. And also, the
mechanics and sensors work perfectly which can see in our presentation. Finally, the acoustic fire
extinguisher works perfectly between 30-60 hertz.
4.3.1.1. Sound Pressure Level and Power Characteristics as a Function of Frequency
As previously mentioned, the extinguishing capabilities of the device will be shown in this section.
The data presented in this article will refer to both the power to be applied to the sound source, which
was a woofer, and the sound pressure at which the flame extinguishing effect was observed. In
practice, low-frequency acoustic waves interact with the flames, causing them to deflect, break into
parts, and disperse, while not always observing the effect of complete extinguishing of the flames,
which is crucial for firefighting. For practical reasons, it is necessary to manipulate the flame in such
a way that it is completely extinguished. Therefore, in the following part of the article, the results of
experimental data for high acoustic power (scientific novelty), for several measurement points (the
step was equal to 3 Hz), will be analyzed, illustrating the necessary power to be applied to the
loudspeaker as well as the acoustic pressure at which the extinguishing effect was observed. It should
be emphasized that in this paper that the extinguishing effect is understood as the phenomenon of
complete extinguishing of the flames using low-frequency acoustic waves, which was observed with
an appropriate choice of parameters. Therefore, the extinguishing of the flames will mean their
complete extinguishment and only these results, illustrating the minimum power that had to be
delivered to the sound source to extinguish the flames as well as the sound pressure level at which the
tests were successful, are presented. As a part of the research, experiments showing the sound
pressure level for a given distance from the device output, for sinusoidal waves of three frequencies
close to the operating frequency (f = 15 Hz, f = 18 Hz, f = 21 Hz), were conducted. Figure 4a shows a

diagram of the sound pressure as a function of frequency, at a distance of 0.5 m from the device
output. On this basis, it is possible to analyze the influence of the frequency of the acoustic wave on
the minimum sound pressure level at which the flames may be extinguished. The intensity of the
background noise accompanying the measurements was equal to 64.7 db. The measurement time of
each data sample was equal to 5 s. In turn, Figure 4b shows a diagram of the influence of the acoustic
wave frequency on the minimum electrical power supplied to the sound source to extinguish the
flames.
4.3.1.2. Sound Pressure Level Characteristics as a Function of Distance from the

Extinguisher Output
An important issue is also to determine the possibility of extinguishing the flames depending on the
distance of the flame front from the plane of the waveguide output. Thus, for sinusoidal waves with
the operating frequency of 17.25 Hz, experimental tests were carried out to illustrate the dependence
of the sound pressure level as a function of distance from the device output (Figure 3). The
measurements were carried out with a step of 0.1 m, but below, due to the multiplicity of
measurement data, they will be presented descriptively with a step of 0.5 m. For 34.5 W and 0.1 m
distance from the device output, the sound pressure level was equal to 124.2 dB, for 0.5 m—116 dB,
for 1 m—109.9 dB, for 1.5 m—106.3 dB, for 2 m—103.7 dB, for 2.5 m—101.9 dB, for 3 m—100.5
dB, for 3.5 m—99.5 dB, for 4 m—98.8 dB, for 4.5 m—98.2 dB and for 5 m—97.8 db.
On the basis of the results obtained, one can see a noticeable tendency function of the sound pressure
dependence as a function of the distance from the device output (this is a downward trend). Since an
inversely proportional drop in sound pressure level is recorded as a function of the distance from the
device output, more power of the sound source is required to extinguish the flames at a considerable
distance from the output. It should be understood that it is easier to extinguish the flames located
closer to the device output than at a significant distance from it, because it involves the need to
increase the electrical power supplied to the sound source, which in turn translates into the level of
sound pressure necessary to disperse the flames, break them into pieces, and then extinguish them.
The mechanism is complex and depends also on the flow effect. An additional problem is the
omnidirectional shape of the acoustic beam. While the main acoustic flux occurs in the waveguide
axis, which was confirmed by experimental research on the prototype of the device [26], the losses
resulting from the omnidirectional emission contributed to the reduction of the distance for which
effective flame extinguishing was recorded. Therefore, when designing an extinguishing system, it is

worth considering the multipoint arrangement of sound sources so that the acoustic flux, as precisely
as possible, is directed to the source of the flames, with a safe sound pressure level. This is also
influenced by the natural physical mechanisms accompanying the propagation of acoustic waves.
Table 4.3: Advantages and Disadvantages of sound wave fire extinguisher
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Nontoxic to the Environment as well as Electricity is required for the working of the
human equipment
It is comparatively light and can be Sensitive and compact electronics are used
portable which can be damaged
There is expiration or refilling date, as Class A and Class D fires are comparatively
waves can be regenerated difficult to extinguish
It leaves no residue, unlike water, foam, The expense of the initial setup is quite
CO2, and other chemical extinguishers. considerable.
It does not form corrosion, cold burn etc. -----------
This fire extinguisher can be used in any -----------

hazardous, freezing areas. As well as in
space station where there is gravity.

CHAPTER 5
5.1. CONCLUSION
The plan and act of spontaneity of sound wave douser has been done effectively. Every one of the
activities which must be performed by dousers are working appropriately. Sound wave douser with
these changes will be another progress as far as security as well as firefighting and salvage tasks. In
view of the trial result got the sound wave can quench blazes.
There are four modes in 4-wheel directing every one of which is exclusively executed in the greater
part of the 4-wheel controlling vehicles. Everyone has its own inconvenience like utilization of crab
mode expands the turning span which is turn diminishes the simplicity of moving the vehicle at sharp
twists, comparably back steer mode diminishes the going range positively, consequently, builds the
gamble of bringing down of the vehicle at rapid. Consequently, to defeat these issues, both the modes
have been presented together in a train and its exhibition has been assessed as displayed. Splashing
the fire with sound can be an imaginative one, regardless, it is capable and practical, and can be used
in the current world. Considering the investigation result obtained it might be seen that the sound
wave can extinguish flares. The repeat range at which the fire can be smothered is 53 Hz. Regardless,
in these tests, as far as possible made was relativity little as taken a gander at size or sound force of
the speaker and addresses a certifiable fire-related disaster. This is principally because of the concern
of safety issues as a greater fire could incite wild incidents. Coincidentally, this sound wave-based
fire smothering could be used to cover lighting stage fires. With various expected applications,
fighting fire with sound is a promising setting. To extinguish colossal district flares acoustically using
the continuous plan, either a greater or even more wonderful speaker would expect to be used.
Directly growing the outcome power of a speaker, will cause signal bending of the outcome signal.
One can multiplex speakers to achieve end of greater flares, regardless, the in every way that really
matters, of such a system comes into question. In this manner, there is a requirement for extra
assessment to try for tremendous fire quenchers.
In the exploratory part, different limits could be used to furthermore research is concentrated like
using different force of sound (by using different speaker power rating), arranging of sound towards
the fire source and size of fire (or fire power) and moving arrangement of vortex tube. Besides that,
assessing the time taken to smother the fire, leave velocity and temperature could moreover be
thought of.

CHAPTER 6
6.1. SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
Having acquired a preliminary patent application for the design, the researchers are now hoping to
move onto further testing and refinements of their extinguisher, with the aim of taking steps towards
a potential commercial application. A possible complication may lie in the heat inherent in larger
blazes. As the sonic extinguisher contains no coolant, it may be unable to prevent larger fires from
reigniting after the sound is turned off. One possible use could be in space, where traditional
extinguisher agents are hard to focus on a target fire. It can be used for manipulating both oxygen and
burning material Our prototype can mainly be implemented to detect the flame or fire and control the
mini vehicle wirelessly. Swarm robotics where the device would be attached to a drone to be used in
situation such as large forest fires or urban blazes. Many innovations in building acoustic fire
extinguisher can be done with respect to aerial and terrestrial robots. With the use of advance
technology in machine learning and IIOT, the prototype we have made can be completely automated.
A booster can be attached to the vehicle to make it a powerful extinguisher. For security purposes,
authentication for accessing the robot can also be done. This device specifically uses new ways of
tackling fires in enclosed spaces, such as aircraft cockpits and ship hold, kitchen, hospitals and
shopping malls, Industry, and railways where fires are obviously devastating and incredibly difficult
to control. Generally, when fire is caused in an electrical panel circuit, using water is not possible as
water conducts electricity, thus using sound waves to extinguish fire is one of its main applications.
Another main scope is this device can be mounted to a moving robot prototype system and the robot
is controlled through User Voice Command. The voice input allows a user to interact with the robots
which controls the movements of the robot. This Robot can be used in rescue operations during fire
accidents where the possibility for servicemen to enter the fire prone areas is very less. These devices
will have a receptor medium that is capable of sending and receiving signals. These devices are
configured to operate in full duplex, whereby they are capable of sending and receiving signals at the
same time.

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi, Karnataka-590 014

“DESIGN OF ACOUSTIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER”

Under the guidance of

NEW HORIZON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

carried out by MAN0J B (1NH18ME069), VEERANJAN REDDY B (1NH18ME114), VINAY

KUMAR M (1NH18ME117), JAYANTH T C (1NH19ME401), the Bonafide students at New

Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,

prescribed for the Bachelor of Epginering degree.

Namefs) of the student: University Seat Number:

Exterpal Viva Examiner: Signature ieh Vater

We thank the Lord Almighty for showering His blessings on us.

Place: Bangalore Dr. NAABHUSHANA N

Our project's goal is to design a fire extinguisher. Based on sound

2. Fig-1.2 Elements required for the formation of fire 4

3. Fig-1.3 Sound Wave 6

4. Fig-1.4 Frequency range of sound wave 7

5. Fig-1.5 Representation of wavelength and amplitude 8

6. Fig-1.6 Graphical representation of high and low pitch amplitude 9

7. Fig-1.7 Scenario of reflection of sound waves 11

8. Fig-1.8 Representation of Refraction of sound waves 11

9. Fig-1.9 Representation of diffraction of sound Waves 12

10. Fig- 1.10 Sound Temperature v/s Pressure 14

11. Fig-3.1 Methodology 21

13. Fig- 3.3 Arduino Uno 25

14. Fig- 3.4 Sub-woofer 26

15. Fig- 3.5 Vortex Tube 26

17. Fig- 3.7 Bluetooth Module 28

18. Fig-3.8 Battery Pack 29

19. Fig-3.9 Circuit Diagram 30

20. Fig- 4.1 CAD Design 31

22. Fig- 4.3 Final Prototype 34

23. Fig - 4.4 Arduino Coding 35

2. Table-2.1 Literature Survey 16-18

3. Table-4.1 Readings of Frequency v/s Time 36

4. Table-4.2 Readings of Distance v/s Time 37

5. Table-4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of sound wave fire extinguisher 40

1. Chart 4.1: Graphical representation of Frequency v/s Time 36

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 1

1.2. INTRODUCTION TO MECHANISM

1.2.2. Rack and pinion & Recirculating ball Steering System

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 2

2. Transverse Wave-known as moving wave and has number of motions happening

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 3

1.3. INTRODUCTION TO FIRE

Fig 1.2- Elements required for the formation of fire

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 4

1.3.1. Fire extinguishing methods

Class Source Method Suitable Extinguishers

Water type (CO2 cartridge type)

LPG CNG Smothering

Motors Smothering CO2 DCP

F/K Oil Blanketing AFFF fire extinguisher

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 5

1.4. INTRODUCTION TO SOUND WAVES

Fig 1.3- Sound wave

Sound is a vibration that engenders as a distinguishable mechanical rush of tension and

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 6

Fig 1.4- Frequency range of sound wave

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 7

Fig 1.5- Representation of wavelength and amplitude

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, [BE], NHCE, BENGALURU Page| 8