Overview

In a drum boiler, the circulation of water is produced through the

density difference of water in the down comer pipe and the
water/steam mixture in the furnace tubes. In low-pressure boilers
where this density difference is large, the circulating force is high and a
high volume of circulation can be ensured, but since it becomes
difficult to maintain sufficient circulation volume when the density
difference between the two drops due to higher pressure, a pump
(BCP) is installed in the down comer pipe to supplement circulating
force. The type that circulates water using only the density difference is
called a natural circulation boiler, while the type that includes a pump is
called a forced circulation boiler.

Natural Circulation Boiler Fluid Path Diagram

Forced Circulation Boiler Fluid Path Diagram