Revision Notes

Class 3 Mathematics
Chapter 2 - Fun with Numbers

What are Numbers?

• A number is an arithmetic value expressed by a word, symbol, or figure
that represents a specific quantity and is used in counting and calculating.
• Numbers can be single-digit numbers, two-digit numbers, three-digit
numbers, and so on.
• Example: 4 and 5 are single-digit numbers. 34 and 99 are two-digit
numbers whereas 897 and 100 are three-digit numbers.

Number Names
• In an alphabetical format, number names are used to represent numbers.
• Each number is denoted by a distinct word.

Place Value of a Digit

• To write a number in English, we must first understand the place value of
each digit in the number.
• Place value refers to the position or location of a digit in a number.
• Each digit has a specific place in a number.
• When we represent the number in its general form, the position of each
digit will be expanded.
• Units, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousand, and so on are the order of
place value of digits of a number from right to left.
• Example: See the below figure for understanding the place value of each
digit in the number 1468.

Image: Place value

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Example of Number Names
Number (in figures) Number (in words)
100 One hundred
105 One hundred five
110 One hundred ten
203 Two hundred three
299 Two hundred ninety-nine
8000 Eight thousand
8001 Eight thousand one
8740 Eight thousand seven hundred forty

Comparing Numbers
• Identifying a number that is smaller or greater than the rest is referred
to as comparing numbers.
• For example, if we compare numbers from a hundred to two hundred then
a hundred is the smallest number and two hundred is the largest number.
• We can compare numbers in a variety of ways using counting or counting
the number of digits, using place values of the numbers, and so on.

Patterns
• Numbers can form interesting patterns.
• To find the pattern, we must examine the difference between one number
and the one that follows it. For example, consider a pattern 5, 10, 15, 20,
25,…. . In this, the difference between two consecutive numbers is 5.
• There can be two kinds of patterns: Forward counting pattern and
Backward counting pattern.
• A forward counting pattern means numbers will increase in sequence.
For example, 2,4,6,8,10 and so on (here in the pattern we are adding two
in each term).
• A backward counting pattern means numbers will decrease in
sequence. For example, 100, 98, 96, 94, 92 and so on (here in the pattern
we subtract two from each term).

Counting by 10s, 50s, and 100s

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 • The count of tens is simply grouping the ten numbers together to form
one unit of ten. For example, the first count would be 10, followed by 20,
30, 40, and so on.
• Count of fifties is grouping the fifty numbers together to form one unit
of fifty. For example, the first count would be 50, followed by 100, 150,
200, and so on.
• A count of hundreds is grouping a hundred numbers together to form
one unit of a hundred. For example, the first count would be 100,
followed by 200,300,400, and so on.
• Similarly, we can count numbers in 1s, 2s, 5s, 20s, 500s, and so on.
• This method of counting has an important real-life application. Say if you
have to pay Rs. x to a shopkeeper you need to divide Rs. x in different
groups of 1s, 2s, 5s, 10s, 50s, 100s, and so on. ( that is in different
denominations of Indian rupees)

Question 1. How many tens are there in 180?

Solution: Let’s begin by writing all 10s
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 and
180.
By counting the above numbers we observe that eighteen tens are there in 180.

Question 2. How will you pay Rs 467 to a shopkeeper? (assuming you have
only 100 rupees notes, 10 rupees notes, and one rupee coin)
Solution: We can write 467 as 400 + 60 + 7. Hence we can pay the shopkeeper
using four hundred rupees notes, six-ten rupees notes, and seven one rupee
coins.

Question 3. How many rupees are there in the below image?

Image: Rupees
Solution: Above image has
• Four hundred rupee notes, which will amount to rupees 400.
• Six ten-rupee notes, which will amount to rupees 60.

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 • Two one rupee coins which will amount to two rupees.
Hence total amount is Rs (400 + 60 + 2) = Rs 462

What is a century?
• In sports, a century is a score of 100 in a game of cricket.
• There are different types of centuries present which are mentioned in the
table below:
Type of century Score
Half-century 50
One and a half-century 150
Double century 200
Triple century 300
Quadruple century 400
• A century is another name for a race of 100 yards or 100 miles.

Practice Questions
Q1. Complete the following patterns:
• 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, __, __
• 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, __, __
• 341, 343, 345,347, 349___, ___

Q2. Write the following numbers in words:

• 103
• 456
• 78

Q3. Read the following table and answer the questions:

Player Score
A.J.K. 98
S.M. 102
K.T. 89
M.J. 88
U. S. 120

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 • A.J.K. just missed his century. How many runs did he need to make a
century?
• ____ and ___ scored almost equal runs.
• ____ scored two more than a century.

Answers
Answer 1.
• 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20
• 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
• 341, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351, 353
Hint: To find patterns observe the difference between two consecutive terms.

Answer 2.
• One hundred three
• Four hundred fifty-six
• Seventy-eight

Answer 3.
• A.J.K. scored 98 runs. He needs two more runs to score a century (100 -
98 = 2).
• K.T. and M.J. scored almost equal runs.
• S.M. scored two more than a century.

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