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  • Internal Structure (English)

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    ANKIT Sharma
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    The document summarizes key inferences about the structure and composition of the Earth's interior based on the study of seismic waves: 1) Seismic waves travel in curved paths, varying speeds, and shadows indicate the Earth has multiple layers of different densities and states of matter. 2) There are three major layers - a crust, mantle, and core - based on differences in seismic wave speeds. 3) The crust is on top, followed by the mantle then liquid outer core and solid inner core at the center.

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    The document summarizes key inferences about the structure and composition of the Earth's interior based on the study of seismic waves: 1) Seismic waves travel in curved paths, varying speeds, and shadows indicate the Earth has multiple layers of different densities and states of matter. 2) There are three major layers - a crust, mantle, and core - based on differences in seismic wave speeds. 3) The crust is on top, followed by the mantle then liquid outer core and solid inner core at the center.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views3 pages

    Internal Structure (English)

    Uploaded by

    ANKIT Sharma
    The document summarizes key inferences about the structure and composition of the Earth's interior based on the study of seismic waves: 1) Seismic waves travel in curved paths, varying speeds, and shadows indicate the Earth has multiple layers of different densities and states of matter. 2) There are three major layers - a crust, mantle, and core - based on differences in seismic wave speeds. 3) The crust is on top, followed by the mantle then liquid outer core and solid inner core at the center.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    ➢ The following inferences have been

    made from the study of seismic waves:


    • Seismic waves travel in a curved path. Which
    shows that the density of all the places in the
    interior of the earth is different.
    • The shadow region of seismic waves indicates
    that the outer core is located in liquid state.
    • The speed of seismic waves varies greatly at 3
    places. Which shows that there are 3 major
    layers in the interior of the earth.

    On the basis of the element

    On the basis of density

    • The density increases as we move from the


    surface of the earth towards the interior.

    • The average density of the earth is 5.5gm/cm


    (grams per cubic cm).
    • Earth's internal information is obtained on the
    On the basis of the state of matter
    basis of seismology.
    • Seismic waves are studied under seismology.
    Crust
    Upper crust :
    • 0- 35km depth
    • It is found between the depth of 0 to 25 km.
    • It is the uppermost and least dense layer of the
    earth. • The density of this layer is 2.7 gm/cm3.
    • Mainly silica and aluminum elements are found • Granite rocks are mainly found in this layer.
    in this layer. Hence it is called Sial layer.
    • This layer mainly forms the continents.
    • On the basis of density are divided into two sub-
    layers.
    • charged particles
    Mantle
    • Due to the charged particles, the
    electromagnetic field is created, which is the
    • This layer is found between 35 km to 2900 km main magnetic field of the earth.
    depth.

    • Silica and magnesium elements are found in this


    layer, hence it is called Sima layer. Average Inner core :
    density 4.6gm/cm3
    • Inner core - 5150km - 6371km
    • The crust makes up most of the mass and
    volume of the Earth. • The solid state is found because the pressure in
    this layer is high.
    • Peridotite rocks are found. Upper mantle
    between 35 to 700 km depth. • Due to high pressure, the melting point
    increases.
    • Asthenosphere is found between 100 to 200 km
    in the upper mantle. • Density= 11-13gm/ cm3

    • Matter in the tenuous zone is located in a semi-


    liquid state.

    Core
    • This layer is found between 6371 km depth of
    2900/km.
    • This layer is formed from nickel and ferrous
    elements.
    • This is called the Nife layer.

    Outer core :
    • Outer core- 2900km-5150km
    • Temperature
    • liquid state

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