PHILIPPINE POLITICS, GOVERNANCE, AND CITIZENSHIP

NAME: STEVE B DELOS REYES DATE: July 25, 2022

COURSE/YR/SEC: BA IS 2-1 SCORE: _________

Part 1: Write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false then circle the word that
makes the statement false. (Right minus Wrong) 2pts. each

T 1. Politics is the creation, maintenance, and amendment of societal norms or rules.

F 2. Government is one kind of social order which refers to an association of individuals
who share a common identity.______
T 3. Traditionally, the study of politics entails the concept of the “good life” and the
“ideal society,” ________
T 4. Governance is commonly defined as the exercise of power or authority by political
leaders for the well-being of their country’s citizens or subjects. ___________
F 5. Nationalism is a highly nationalist, militaristic, totalitarian political ideology in which
one person has absolute power. _________
F 6. Fascism a strong belief that one’s nation is great (and, usually, better than others),
also arose during the modern era. __________
T 7. People This refers to the inhabitants living within the state. Without people there can
be no functionaries to govern and no subjects to be governed. ________
F 8. Internal sovereignty is often referred to as independence. _________
T 9. The government is one of the agencies through which the states articulate its will.
______
F 10. Good governance is understood through its eight indicators or characteristics: (1)
Participatory; (2) Rule of Law; (3) Effective and Efficient; (4) Transparent; (5)
Responsive; (6) Equitable and Inclusive; (7) Consensus Oriented; and (8) Reliability.
_______
Part 2: Enumerate and/or discuss, and differentiate if applicable, the following items.
(Handwritten in a short bond paper). 10 points each.

A. Order, Power, and Justice

There are three basic concepts of politics: Order, Power, and Justice.

· Order is defined by three kinds of societal structures – Community, Government and State.
Simply, it shows the components of society wherein politics exist.

· Power maintains order. The exercise of power over the people demonstrates the capability
of a government as it has more than one source.
· Justice is the outcome when order is established, and power is exercised correctly through
the law. There is justice when the interests of the people are satisfied and fulfilled by the
government over personal interests. Otherwise, it is unjust.

B. Liberalism, Fascism, and Nationalism

Liberalism is the ideology of representative government. It emphasizes free speech,

protection of the rights of individuals and abolition of class privilege. The adoption of liberal
enlightenment ideals became the driver of dining quality of life (McCloskey, 2019). It is an
optimistic ideology that does not necessarily need to rely so much on the abuse of power.

Fascism is an extremely right-wing ideology wherein the existing social order is protected
or rather taken by the suppression of the working class, forcibly. It has historical, moral and
religious or racial innate form of superiority. These make leaders believe they have the
legitimate right to social and political dominance. Fascism is thought and it is also action; an
action wherein doctrine is immanent, and that doctrine arising from a system of historical forces
that it is inserted, and thus working on them from within (Mussolini, 2019).

Nationalism is a political ideology that is centered around unification of the state and the
journey to be free from foreign rule. It is a powerful concept that enabled countries like
Indonesia to have a successful framework for their governance after gaining independence from
the Dutch. Nationalism is a virtue for nationalists, they think their country and its culture are
worth preserving because it is unique (Haidt, 2016).

C. Governance and Government

Government is the instrument, as in the institution that is tasked to use their power to
maintain order and guide the people as leaders. It is associated with “domination and control”
(Colot, 2020). The government represents the states and acts its will through the enactment and
enforcement of laws; these laws are thereby effective in their territory; they are also free from
the interference of external or foreign powers. On the other hand, governance has been
broadened by political scientists in the 1980s discourse, moving beyond the government. It is
basically the concept or the framework wherein the work of the institution rests upon. It is
associated with relational management and decentralization, meaning to say it encompasses a
wider scope of actors, emphasizing the role of civil society. It now includes the private and
public sectors and the civil society.
 D. Elements of State

1. People/Population – these are the citizens of the states. Modern states actually
give preference to a large population because they can ensure that the
manpower will be sufficient and they will not collapse in times of war. States do
not impose a limit on the number of inhabitants and as such, they do not need
only one ethnic, class, language, race etc.

2. Territory – this is the extent of the land where the jurisdiction of the state can be
exercised. This does not only mean land but also its territorial waters. Modern
states prefer large territories because first, they can secure their natural
resources and second, it can be a show of power.

3. Government – this is the political organization that does the business of the
state. They are entrusted to make laws and implement them to maintain social
order. They are to provide for the common good of the people through fulfilling
their basic needs and making sure their rights are lived.

4. Sovereignty – this can be described as the bureaucratic apparatus with the

legitimacy to use force to defend the autonomy of the state. It gives the right to
the state to defend itself from malignant forces, as well as make its power legal.
There are two kinds of sovereignty:

a. Internal – this makes the state the sole authority of the land. They can make
and enforce laws and even coerce them, if necessary, within boundaries.

b. External – means they are independent and recognized by the international

community. Thus, they are free from interference.

E. Models of Citizenship

The republican model of citizenship is principally a civic self-rule, giving emphasis on

classical or traditional institutions and established practices that have been tried, tested and
proven to be effective, to rule and be ruled. In the process of deliberation, active participation is
a must in order to ensure that citizens are individuals and not just mere subjects. Political
agency emphasizes the republican model, to end.

On the other hand, the liberal model of citizenship emphasizes the legal status of
citizenship. This means that to protect individual freedoms from malignant forces or the state
itself, political liberty is a must. However, this is exercised not in the political realm but in private
settings.
Part 3: ESSAY: How can you contribute to the development of your community as a “maker’ and
shaper” (Handwritten in not less than 150 words) 30pts.

This will be a rebuttal to the narrative “There is only so much an individual can do”.

As a youth scholar, I have been taught proper ways of engaging and interacting within
the community I am living in. From the very beginning, I have been made aware of my rights
and responsibilities as an individual living in this ever changing society. Included in this is my
role in paving the way for the development of the community, leading to a bright and sustainable
future that I will share with the rest of my generation and the generations that will succeed us.
The subject “I”, as central to this matter, has the capacity to improve not only oneself but also
affect the lives of others and improve their well-being. I've learned that in many ways and
through various perspectives. Indeed, there is more to ourselves than one's eyes can see, and
to know who we really are is to see our own being in another person.

First, by being active in participating in community-led programs is a good start in

interacting with other stakeholders for the development of the community. Knowing what projects
must be prioritized and elaborate on is a skill only a few really get to utilize. This stems from the
knowledge of what the community’s strengths and weaknesses are - what the people need, what
they must improve on and what they must stop doing in regards to their surroundings. To be
educated is to weaponize yourself, not to be a classist scholar, but knowing where to expand
and apply all what you have learned in the academe.

To be a good Filipino is not just about looking the part, it is more about embracing your
homeland and celebrating your culture, acknowledging the problems and having the drive to
make change. For me, it’s specifically about being a responsible citizen who is also
knowledgeable in his country’s history and lastly, one who embraces the importance of using his
rights to improve the condition of his community. Self-reflection is important when engaging
within a community because it is not only a task that one must do to fulfill a requirement. It is a
lived experience, a way of life of sorts. If a person has a good nature for helping others, then one
will go through self-evaluation and reflect on why it is important for oneself to contribute to the
development of the community. One must have a purpose and a goal for doing such acts, to see
the bigger picture and what is crucial to the community. Only then one will be fulfilled and the
satisfaction will be beyond anything materialistic.
 REFERENCES

Colot, J.C (2020). PHILIPPINE POLITICS, GOVERNANCE AND CITIZENSHIP. Polytechnic

University of the Philippines.

Haidt, J. (2016). When and why nationalism beats globalism. Policy: A Journal of Public Policy
and
Ideas, 32(3), 46-53. Retrieved from
http://www.strategytoperform.com/uploads/2/7/9/7/27978959/why_nationalism_beats_glo
balism.pdf

McCloskey, D. N. (2019). Why Liberalism Works. In Why Liberalism Works. Yale University
Press. Retrieved from
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.12987/9780300244816/html

Mussolini, B. (2019). The doctrine of fascism. In Ideals and Ideologies (pp. 337-345). Routledge.
Retrieved from
https://sttpml.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/THE-DOCTRINE-OF-FASCISM.pdf