ME 165

Basic Mechanical Engineering

Lecture 02
Statics of Particle
Md. Aminul Islam
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
BUET

6/11/2023 1
 Forces in a Plane (Recap)
❑ Addition of Vectors:
➢ Parallelogram Law:

𝑅ത = 𝑃ത + 𝑄ത

➢ Triangle Rule: C Cosine Formula:

ഥ
𝑹 𝑅2 = 𝑃2 + 𝑄2 − 2𝑃𝑄 cos 𝛼
ഥ
𝑸
𝛼 Sine Formula:
B 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐶
ഥ
𝑷 = =
𝑄 𝑅 𝑃
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 Forces in a Plane
❑ Resolution of a Force into Components:

❑ Rectangular Components of a Force:

ഥ = 𝐹𝑥 𝒊 + 𝐹𝑦 𝒋 = (𝐹 cos 𝜃)𝒊+(𝐹 sin 𝜃)𝒋

𝑭 𝐹
𝐹= 𝐹𝑥2 + 𝐹𝑦2 𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝐹𝑥
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 Forces in a Plane
❑ Addition of Forces by Summing x and y Components :

𝑅 = 𝑃 + 𝑄 + 𝑆 = 𝑃𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑃𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑄𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑄𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑆𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑆𝑦 𝑗
𝑅𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑅𝑦 𝑗 = (𝑃𝑥 + 𝑄𝑥 + 𝑆𝑥 )𝑖 + (𝑃𝑦 +𝑄𝑦 + 𝑆𝑦 )𝑗
So,
𝑅𝑥 = 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑄𝑥 + 𝑆𝑥 = σ 𝐹𝑥 𝑅𝑦 = 𝑃𝑦 + 𝑄𝑦 + 𝑆𝑦 = σ 𝐹𝑦
σ 𝐹𝑦
𝑅= ( Σ 𝐹𝑥 )2 + (Σ 𝐹𝑦)2 and 𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
σ 𝐹𝑥
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 Forces in a Plane
❑ Problem:
Knowing that the tension in rope AC is 365 N, determine the resultant of the three
forces exerted at point C of post BC. (Ex. 2.36)

Ans: 474 N, Direction -32.5° With the x-axis Do yourself: (Ex. 2.29, 2.35)
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 Forces in a Plane
❑ Equilibrium of a Particle:
𝑭𝟐
𝑭𝟏

𝑭𝟓 𝑭𝟑
𝑭𝟒

𝑹 = 𝑭𝟏 + 𝑭𝟐 + 𝑭𝟑 + 𝑭 𝟒 + 𝑭𝟓 + ⋯ 𝑭𝒏
𝑅𝑥 𝒊 + 𝑅𝑦 𝒋 = σ 𝐹𝑥 𝒊 + σ 𝐹𝑦 𝒋

𝑹𝒙 = σ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎
Condition for Equilibrium (2D)
𝑹𝒚 = σ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎
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 Forces in a Plane
❑Free Body Diagram:

Real Life Problem Space Diagram Free Body Diagram

Space Diagram: A sketch showing the physical conditions of the problem

Free Body Diagram: A sketch showing only the forces acting on the selected particle.

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 Forces in a Plane
❑ Equilibrium of a Particle:
❑ Special Case (Only Three forces)
𝑭𝟏
𝛾 𝑭𝟐

𝛼 𝛽

𝑭𝟑

𝐹1 𝐹2 𝐹3
Sine Formula: = =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛾
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 Forces in a Plane
❑ Problem:
Knowing that 𝛼 = 20°, determine the tension (a) in cable AC, (b) in rope BC.
(Ex. 2.45)

Ans: AC 1244 lb, BC 115.4 lb Do yourself: (Ex. 2.44, 2.48,2.130)

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 Forces in a Plane
❑ Problem:
Two cables are tied together at A and loaded as shown. Determine the range of
values of ‘P’ for which both cables remain taut.

Ans: 287 N < P < 1600 N Do yourself: (Ex. 2.53, 2.55)

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 Forces in Space (3D)

𝐹𝑦 = F cos 𝜃𝑦 and 𝐹ℎ = F sin 𝜃𝑦

𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹ℎ cos ∅ = F sin 𝜃𝑦 cos ∅
𝐹𝑧 = 𝐹ℎ sin ∅ = F sin 𝜃𝑦 sin ∅

𝐹= 𝐹𝑦2 + 𝐹ℎ2 = 𝐹𝑥2 + 𝐹𝑦2 + 𝐹𝑧2

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 Forces in Space (3D)

𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑥 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑦 𝐹𝑧 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑧

ഥ = 𝐹𝑥 𝒊 + 𝐹𝑦 𝒋 + 𝐹𝑧 𝑘 = 𝐹 (cos 𝜃𝑥 𝒊 + cos 𝜃𝑦 𝒋 + cos 𝜃𝑧 𝑘) = 𝐹𝜆

𝑭

So, 𝝀 = cos 𝜃𝑥 𝒊 + cos 𝜃𝑦 𝒋 + cos 𝜃𝑧 𝑘

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 Forces in Space (3D)
❑ Force Defined by its Magnitude and Two Points on its Line of Action:
Position vector,
𝑴𝑵 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝒊 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝒋 + (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )𝒌

𝑴𝑵 = 𝑑𝑥 𝒊 + 𝑑𝑦 𝒋 + 𝑑𝑧 𝒌

∴ 𝑀𝑁 = 𝑴𝑵 = 𝑑 = 𝑑𝑥2 + 𝑑𝑦2 + 𝑑𝑧2

Unit vector along MN,
𝑴𝑵 1
𝝀𝑴𝑵 = = (𝑑𝑥 𝒊 + 𝑑𝑦 𝒋 + 𝑑𝑧 𝒌)
𝑴𝑵 𝑑
𝐹
∴ 𝑭 = 𝐹𝝀𝑴𝑵 = (𝑑𝑥 𝒊 + 𝑑𝑦 𝒋 + 𝑑𝑧 𝒌)
𝑑
Component of forces: 𝐹𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ∴ cos 𝜃𝑥 = =
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑑
𝑑 𝐹𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑦 = ∴ cos 𝜃𝑦 = =
𝑑 𝐹 𝑑
𝑑𝑧 𝐹𝑧 𝑑𝑧
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𝐹𝑧 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑧 = ∴ cos 𝜃𝑧 = = 13
𝑑
𝐹 𝑑
 Forces in Space (3D)
❑ Problem:
Cable AB is 65 ft long, and the tension in that cable is 3900 lb. Determine (a) the
components of the force exerted by the cable on the anchor B and its direction

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