CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background Of the Study

Punctuality emerges as a crucial attribute in personal and professional settings. People

show their dependability, respect for other people’s time, and commitment to fulfilling tasks by
being on time (McKay, 2021). Having an alarm clock is one example of something that can help
improve punctuality. According to the IEEE (October 2018), Alarm clocks are essential
accessory in every home, which is used for waking up people on daily basis. Also, the brain has
its own biological clock that enable people to wake on time and going up early, it promotes
productiveness that makes your schedule more flexible.

The primary function of an alarm clock is to wake up an individual or a group of people

at a set time, typically after a night’s sleep or a brief nap. There are people who set an alarm but
wake after a couple of minutes before the alarm sounds, because the brain is set to wake at a
specific time. Having an alarm clock can improve sleep schedule and help with relaxation that
can bring peace of mind that can make a person be attentive towards their work. Although it is
not that hard to change our internal clock, staying up late or keeping an irregular sleep routine
can disrupt and prevent us from waking up when we need to. As stated in the study of Trottie, L.
(2017), there is a state accompanied by sleepiness and confusion upon waking from sleep state
called “sleep inertia”. It affects the brain differently than hormonal and rhythm signals; it implies
that sleep inertia is most prominent during night time. There are also some people are having a
difficulty in waking up despite of setting multiple alarms, turning the alarm off, completely
ignoring it to get more sleep. It is extremely convenient for a person to have a proper alarm clock
that can help them wake up.

Alarm clock is one of the go to solution of a person to wake up, having an innovative
approach towards it that can make a person or a group of people get out from bed will improve
promptness towards commerce and school. A breakthrough in the early-rising routine and alarm
clocks could significantly alter people’s views on punctuality.
Statement of the Problem

This study intends to present a creative approach to an alarm clock that can assist a
person in waking up early and being more punctual at work or school. It seeks to answer the
following questions:

1. Main Problem

Making an alarm clock that not only helps a person get up early but also presents a
different approach to an alarm clock.

1.1 Sub Problem

What technology/innovative technique can be used to achieve the desired outcome?

Significance of Study

The study will help those people who need to wake up earlier or/and difficult schedule or/and
other circumstances. In addition, the work environment is improving with increasing technology.
With such advancement, our tool like alarm clock also needs an upgrade in order to keep up with
pace of development. This study will be significant to the workers and students, the rotating
shift workers, the fitness people, and the future researcher. Furthermore, the study may
benefit the following:

Workers and Students. The beneficiary of the study is the morning shift workers and students.
The fixed shift schedule is not volatile but there are some factors that must be taken account such
as waking up earlier than expected to board a public vehicle and arrive at work or/and school on
time due to heavy road traffic.
Rotating Shift Workers. The study will benefit the workers with changing shift. Such a
schedule will disrupt their bodily clock and sleep cycle. Thus, they need an alarm clock that can
wake them up on time to get on work so they can adapt to an unpredictable shift schedule.
Fitness People. The study will benefit the people who have morning exercise routine. Some
beginners can encounter difficulty in waking up early. Although some people are natural
morning person, the physical strain from their initial exercise can make them heavy sleeper. It
will interfere their planned schedule. They require alarm clock to keep them on routine.
Future Researcher. The study will serve as a basis or a reference to develop the prototype and
design of Wakie-Wakie alarm clock through different approach or/and to improve it.
Scope and Limitations
The following are the scope of the study:
 The researcher aims to develop a design and prototype of Wakie-Wakie alarm clock.
 The researchers have basic knowledge in Arduino coding, some technical understanding
and basic soldering skills.
Although study has reached the its objectives, there are some unavoidable limitations:
 The researcher does not have in-depth skills and knowledge in the field of study.
 The researcher has limited time to conduct the study.
 The quality and quantity of materials required for prototype are limited by financial
capacity of the researcher.

Objective of the Study

General Objective: To enhance the functionality and effectiveness of alarm clocks through
innovative design and implementation, with a focus on ensuring user engagement and reliable
operation.

Specific Objective 1:
To create a working prototype of an alarm clock with conditions that can only be satisfied by the
user. This would increase user involvement and stop users from oversleeping.

 To identify optimal user-dependent conditions that promote wakefulness and prevent

alarm dismissal without meeting requirements.
 To create and develop a circuit diagram for an alarm clock system that encompasses all
necessary parts for effective user dependence.

Specific Objective 2:
To evaluate the performance and functionality of the developed alarm system using Arduino Uno
through rigorous testing and user feedback.

 To assess the reliability and effectiveness of the alarm clock system in waking users up
consistently and preventing alarm dismissal without meeting conditions.
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The studies and literature that are important to the study's presentation are presented in

this chapter. The literature and studies that are included in this chapter discuss various theories,

notions, conclusions, and generalizations as well as multiple developments linked to the topic.

This will serve as a guide for the researchers in developing the project.

Foreign Literature

2.1 Benefits of Sleeping

According to Brandon Peters (2021), a person could be able to sleep as much as they
need to. Each person seems to need an average amount of sleep to feel energized, which may
change throughout a lifetime and is undoubtedly different for each individual. How much sleep a
person needs can be ascertained by an ordinary experiment. If they receive less, they may feel
sleep deprived, be more likely to take naps and experience other negative health effects.
Therefore, individuals need to prioritize getting enough sleep each night to maintain their overall
health and well-being.

“It is not just how well you sleep or for how long you sleep that is significant but also how
you wake up”, argued by Kelly Main (2022). An alarm is a gatekeeper for success, most of the
successful people known today use an alarm clock to wake up at an early or specific time.
Getting up early allows a person more time to organize their day and focus on the most
important tasks without interruption from others. Several research has found that morning
persons have traits such as optimism, agreeability, contentment, and conscientiousness. As
said by Benjamin Franklin “You will find the key to success under the alarm clock”.
2.2 Emergence of Alarm Clocks

As per Mark Muehlbach (2017), alarm clocks have been used for generations because
they solve a real problem: they ensure that people wake up on time. Each morning, a person
should be able to wake up on their own. These are the individuals who set an alarm yet wake up
a few minutes before the alarm goes off, as though their brain anticipates them to be up at a
specific moment. On the other side, there are others who require two or three alarms to wake
up.

According to Dr. Daniel Barone (2017), waking up and going to sleep are not like turning
on and off a light switch. It is not true that "we fall asleep quickly and wake up quickly". Sleeping
and waking up are both processes, as one might expect. In some cases, the brain must prepare
itself neurochemically for awakening over the course of a couple of hours. It is not dangerous to
individuals, but it does cause some confusion in their minds when waking up. Thus, hitting many
alarms results in multiple wake-ups, and disrupted sleep is not healthy sleep.

2.3 Effects of Alarm Clock in Punctuality

According to the study conducted by the fellow students which is available on IvyPanda
(2022) in its study titled “The Effect of Alarm Clocks on Class Attendance, it shows evident
effect on students’ attendance that also correlates to their punctuality on class. Improved
attendance and a positive impact on the class attendance was shown during its trial period.

The study also indicates that laziness in the morning not just affects the punctuality of
the student but also its overall mood and performance in the class proper. It doesn’t just
improve the punctuality of the students but its character and discipline towards simply tasks
given. Thus, the implementation of usage of the alarm clocks aided the student’s motivation to
be more punctual and improvement to its classes.

2.4. Cases of Oversleeping

According to Keigawa Ogawa, et al. (2022, December), the effects of a snooze alarm on
waking remain not known, though the fact that many individuals utilize the snooze feature of
digital alarm clocks. Their study indicates that the sleep inertia lasts longer when using snooze
alarm compared to a single alarm because it creates repeated forced awakenings. Moreover, the
effects of a snooze alarm on sleep inertia, a stage between sleep and wakefulness marked by
decreased arousal and poor cognitive and behavioral function.

As per Jin-Won Noh , the young adults the year after high school, go through their
lifestyle and situational adjustments and tend to sleep more than usual. Moreover, their young
adults the year after high school experience changes in lifestyle and circumstances and tend to
experience more oversleeping. Also, their findings suggest the significance of sociodemographic
traits as oversleeping predictors and underscore the necessity of looking at a variety of variables
to fully comprehends oversleeping in young adults. Furthermore, the result of their study shows
the significance of sociodemographic trait as oversleeping predictors and underscore the
necessity of looking at a variety of variables to fully comprehend oversleeping in young adults.

2.5 Lateness Due to Heavy Traffic

2.6 Comparative Analysis of Different Alarm Clocks

MECHANISM AND WIND UP ALARM CLOCK DIGITAL ALARM CLOCK

COMPONENTS
Time Keeper Mechanism  Oscillating  Basic Quartz Mechanism.
Wheels/Gear System.
Buzzer  Alarms bells  Speaker
 Stereo or Multichannel
sound.

Display  Engraved numbers/text  LCD OR LED Display.

and mechanical
arms/hands.

Power Source  Balance Spring and  Rechargeable/Non-

Key Crown. Rechargeable Battery and
Outlet Power.

Time Setter  Key Crown or wind up  Buttons and switches.

mechanism.

Processor  Oscillating  Microprocessor

Wheels/Gear
 Reference:

Vishnu, R. R., & S, B. (29, April 2019). Arduino based Smart Alarm Mobile Application System.
Research Gate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332726551_Arduino_based_Smart_Alarm_Mobile_Ap
plication_System
Stieg C. (4, February 2020). Science says waking up to this specific alarm clock sound can give
you more energy, reduce grogginess. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/04/study-waking-
up-to-melodic-sounds-increases-energy-compared-to-alarms.html

Kumar, S., Dhiraj, D., Cibi, C., Sowmya, S. V., & Sabitha, S. (2018). Smart Alarm Clock.
International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems.
https://doi.org/10.1109/cesys.2018.8724024

McKay, B. A. K. (2021, September 26). A Man Is Punctual: The Importance of Being on Time.
The Art of Manliness. https://www.artofmanliness.com/character/etiquette/importance-of-
punctuality/

Peters, B., MD. (2021, October 21). Should You Use an Alarm Clock to Wake up From Sleep?
Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/should-i-use-an-alarm-clock-3014949

Osmun, R. (2017, December 7). The Role of Alarm Clocks in Getting Better Sleep. HuffPost.
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-role-of-alarm-clocks-in-getting-better-sleep_Ob_9676870

Chin, K. (2018, December 31). The worst thing people do to wake up in the morning, according
to a sleep scientist. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/sleep-expert-explains-
snooze-alarms-are-terrible-2017-11

The Effect of Alarm Clocks on Class Attendance - 1649 words: Research paper example. Free
Essays. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2023, from https://ivypanda.com/essays/class-tardiness/
Ogawa, K., et al. (2022, December).