THE EFFECTS OF LATE-NIGHT SLEEPING TO THE LEARNING SKILLS OF THE

SELECTED 3RD YEAR STUDENTS OF JOHN PAUL COLLEGE

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A Technical Report Submitted to

Professor Emmi M. Roldan
Education Department
John Paul College

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In Partial Fulfillment of the Course

Requirements in EL 118 (Technical Writing)

By

Joward Alrin R. Sta Ana & Mary Grade Bautista

April 11, 2023
 Chapter 1
The Problem and its Background
Introduction
Sleep is an important part of daily routine. It plays a major role in the ability to learn new tasks
that require motor coordination and performance. There’s an average number of hours that one
must consider when sleeping, it’s seven to nine hours of sleep every night. While getting less than
six hours of sleep may affect health that may also lead to affect learning skills. Though many
people sleep late at night, because they’re watching movies, reading books, using social media, do
their projects or assignments and so on instead of sleeping. However, it doesn’t mean that it gives
the license to sleep late at night every time. This must be avoided. This problem lead the
researchers to come up with the idea of determining what would be the possible reasons and the
effects of late night sleeaping to the learning skills of an individual student on John Paul College.
Learning skills is the ability to the brain to function properly, the ability to acquire new
information and to understand something because according to Harvard University (December 17,
2017) “ Healthy sleep is essential for optimal learning and memory function.” It means that if one
does sleep late at night and has an adequate sleep it may help his learning skills. This research
may help the students to be aware on the effects of sleeping late at night.

Background of the Study

Many people would like to know how to sleep well so as to be at their best when they get up. One
of the important parameters involved in how to sleep well is the time of going to sleep. Most of
them have experienced that they are not at their best in the morning when they go to sleep late.
Some are aware about the ill-effects of going to sleep late at night at a physical and psychological
level. However either due to pressure of work or partying, more and more people are going to
sleep late at night. In this research, the researchers took a look at what happens in the subtle
dimension when people sleep late at night. This would help people take an educated decision
about how to sleep well from the perspective of when they should go to sleep at night. Many
people think of learning as studying, but this is not the case. When studying, one do normally
learn but learning can go far beyond structured or unstructured studying.
Since this problem about late night sleeping is already happening and most of the students are
experiencing this, the researchers came up with this research to determine the reasons, and effects
of late night sleeping to the learning skills of the selected 3rd year Education students in John Paul
College.

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of the study is to determine the effects of Late Night Sleeping to the Learning
Skills of the Selected 3rd year Education students of John Paul.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions ;
What is the profile of the respondent?
1.1 Gender
1.2 Age
What could be the effects of late night sleeping to the selected 3rd year Education students of
John Paul College ?
2.1 Lack of Sleep
2.2 Performance
How does late night sleeping affects the learning skills of the selected 3rd year Education students
of John Paul College?
What are the possible reasons why selected 3rd year Education students of John Paul College have
struggles in sleeping at night?
Is there any significant relationship between lack of sleep and academic performance of the
students.
Objectives

1. Determine the profile of the students in terms of gender and age.

2. Identify the possible effects of late-night sleeping on selected students at John Paul College. 

3. To investigate how late-night sleeping affects the learning skills of students.

4. Determine the possible reasons why students have trouble sleeping at night.

Assumptions

1. The profile of selected students was determined in terms of gender and age.
2. Sleeping late at night has affected the students in various ways.

3. The learning and other skills of the selected students were affected by sleeping late at night.

4. The selected students had reasons for sleeping late that really affected them, especially in
learning skills.

Significance of the Study

This research will be beneficial to the following:
Students. The result of the study will help the students to be aware of their learning, through
understanding the effects of late night sleeping to their learning skills.
Parents. This research may help the parents to be aware on what to do, to their children on
sleeping late at night, and to know the things that their children must avoid to prevent it.
Future Researcher. This research study will help the future researcher to gain idea and information
that can help them to formulate their own descriptive research.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focused primarily on the study of the effects of Late Night Sleeping to the
Learning Skills of the Selected 3rd year Education students of John Paul College by means of the
participants perception according to the topic. It was conducted in John Paul College. The
duration of the study was about four months in order to complete the paper. The participants were
the selected 3rd year Education students of John Paul, through the use of survey questionnaire that
contained ten (10) questions, they needed to answer. The researchers gave them the questions
related to the effects of Late Night Sleeping to the Learning Skills of the Selected 3rd year
Education students of John Paul College.
Definition of Terms
These are the following vocabulary words that they may encounter;
Acquired. To have a new or added characteristics, trait, or ability.
Adequate. Enough for some need or requirement or a quality that is good or acceptable.
Ample. Enough or more than enough.
Circadian Clock. It is a biochemical oscillator that cycles with a stable phase and is synchronized
with solar time.
Complaints. Expression of grief, pain, or dissatisfaction.
Essential. Extremely important and necessary.
Exhibited. To show outwardly especially by visible actions.
License. An official document,card, etc., that gives you permission to do, use, or have something.
Freedom to act however you want to.
Lingering. Slowly parting.
Melatonin. A hormone that’s made by the pineal gland in the brain, melatonin helps control your
daily sleep-wake cycles.
Optimal. Best or most effective.
Parameter. The rule or limit that controls what something is or how something should be done.
Perspective. A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.
Prevalent. Widely accepted
Profound. Intense feeling or quality.
Prolonged. To lengthen in time.
Protest. To make solemn declaration.
Restore. To bring back into existense.
Tempting. Having an appeal.
Unwind. To be free.
 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter consists of different terminology and related studies that are connected to the
problem.
Related Literature
According to Vittorio Hernandez (2015), starting at 8:30 a.m or later provides adolescents to get
the recommended 8.5 to 9.5 hours of daily. Late night caused Ausse students to lack of sleep and
even descriptive school behavior (Norman Hart, president of Austracian primary principles
association). This means that the students will be multitasking doing a lot of their paper works,
school works, report project, assignments, etc., and sometimes this leads them to unwind their
friends and family. This lead to the students also to double their time to finish their work a head of
time. Also it will affect the performance task of the students.
According Michelle Castillo (2013), she cited that when it comes to children protests about their
bedtimes, parent shouldn’t give in. Research suggests that not going to bed at the same time every
night may be harmful to the developing brain. The National Sleep Foundation says that
preschoolers between 3 - 5 years old need eleven to thirteen hours of sleep, while kids up to the
age of twelve need 10 - 11 hours of sleep. “Early child development has profound influences on
health and well-being across the life course,” study author Amanda Sacker, professor of lifecourse
studies at University College London, said to HealthDay.
According to Andrew Philips (APA), that irregular sleep have a delayed release of the sleep
Hormones melatonin. Over body contains a circadian clock, which helps to time for many
biological functions. One of the key markers of the circadian mark is melatonin. Usually, at the
night time, circadian clock sends a signal that tells a person to release melatonin over night. So it
means that if the students will always sleep late at night their sleeping habit will remain like that
forever. One should make his own time frame on what time they’re going to sleep because it will
be their sleeping habit. Because of that they should follow the time of their sleep hours , so that
their habit of sleeping late at night will be changed into good habit of sleep early at night. The
consequences of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness are especially problematic to college
students and can result in lower grade point averages, increased risk of academic failure,
compromised learning, impaired mood, and increase risk of motor vehicle accidents. As found out
by Shelley D Hershner and Ronald D Chervin (2014). This means that the possible consequences
of sleeping late at night was daytime sleepiness and may cause the lower grades of the students
and sometimes increased risk of Academic failure, mood and risk of motor accidents.
According to Ethan Green (2017), studying for exams, preparing for interviews, memorizing
speeches or work presentations sometimes feels like there just aren’t enough hours in the day to
get all that information to stay in the head. With so much to process, it’s often tempting to burn
the candle at both ends, studying or working late into the night. But this can lead to a vicious
cycle: a person can’t sleep because he is stressed, and then he can’t learn effectively because of
being too tired. Fortunately, this doesn’t have to be the case though. As stated in this article, with
a bit of preparation, good sleep and good learning can go hand in hand. So this only means that
there are people who choose to study and prepare themselves late at night because they think that
it is the best way and because there are people who’s busy in day time and haven’t time to study
or think critically. That’s why there are people who sleep late at night.
According to Staff Writer (2017) , it’s about time to stop going to bed past midnight and really get
a good night’s sleep. Lingering between the sheets late in the morning can be a satisfying feeling,
especially if a person doesn’t need to wake up early for the day. However, this shouldn’t give a
license to sleep late every single time. Loss of Concentration, sleeping way past the bedtime
causes to deliver poor work results and impacts mood, making it difficult to focus. It’s always
better to live according to how the body is designed—give it ample time to rest and rejuvenate if
one wants it to function in its best condition the next day. Sleeping late affects the brain the most.
If one continues to experience tension headaches, he may want to start fixing his sleeping
schedule and get enough rest for a change. Feeling stressed lately, having enough time to take a
day off, loosen up and walk away from one’s work load for just a short period of time lessens
stress. Stress symptoms are usually influenced by the amount of sleep they get regularly. Students
must do something about this before they start resorting to sleeping pills. These pills can further
increase stress levels. Not having enough sleep increases chances of getting cardiovascular disease
as a persons age. According to research, individuals who get seven or less hours of sleep per night
have a two or three-fold increase in risk of cardiovascular events including stroke, heart attack and
myocardial infarction. There are other more reasons why sleep can be harmful to health. Don’t
wait until the body suffers the consequence of poor sleeping habits. Today is the chance to make a
change and do one a favor. Organize time, cut off all gadgets and go to bed early and at a
consistent timing.
According to Xue Ming, Rebecca Konsky, Victor Kang, Sarah Buchman, Christina E. Sarris,
and George C. Wagner (2011), a high level of early and circadian-disadvantaged sleep/wake
schedules during weekdays was observed. Shorter sleep duration on weekdays was reported,
especially in upper classmen. Complaints of inadequate sleep and sleepiness during weekdays,
alarm clock use, and napping were prevalent. Night awakening and prolonged sleep onset were
common and associated with poor school performance. Students with a sleep length of less than 7
hours on both weekdays and weekends exhibited poorer performance, while those who made up
this sleep loss on weekends did not. The total number of poor sleep factors in an individual also
correlated with poor school performance. Earlier school start times were associated with a
perception of poor sleep quality, shorter sleep duration and more sleep health problems. We
conclude that sleep inadequacies and sleep health problems were prevalent in this population,
especially in those who started school earlier in the morning, and that these poor sleep factors
were associated with school performance.
Unknown author, “How Lack of Sleep Affects the Human Body” ( APA, 2012), sleep is as
essential to the body as the food we eat, the air we breathe, and water we drink, it’s a vital
necessity for human survival. Due to spending 1/3 of our life sleeping, more than anything else,
clearly indicates the importance of sleep to the human body. A good night’s sleep helps to restore
energy spent during the day, the brain is actively working while at sleep to create new pathways
for areas such as learning, memories and new insights, helps the body to fight off common
infections by releasing key hormones while sleeping and gives the heart and vascular system a rest
by reducing your heart rate and blood pressure. A lack of sleep hampers these functions in the
body. The ability to handle stress and fight off illness lessens when one fails to get enough sleep.
The body’s response system to germs and stressors slows down and has a difficult time meeting
the challenge of everyday issues. It weakens the immune system by adversely affecting the white
blood cell count, preventing the body from being able to ward off infections and viruses and also
affects the chemical balances within the body. Now when one person gets sick, it is for a longer
period of time and the body has a harder time catching up when having drained it with reduced
sleep.
According to Christian Quadro (2014), people often take for granted the importance and benefits
of sleep.  In his case, he always stay up late, and play computer games, because currently, he is
not enrolled in law school, not employed, and feels more alive during night time. he stays up late
and play video games because nobody bothers him at night, and the internet connection speed
here in the Philippines is much faster at night. There is a saying that goes, “He who sleeps late has
short days. ”  It means that when one stays up too late, and his sleeping time is cut short, he feels
like he does not have enough time to finish work.  When he stays up late and somebody asks him
to do something, he feels like he is not giving 100%, and like his body is going to give in. What
sleep loss does? First is the cognition decreases when people lack sleep. They use the brain all the
time everyday for mental activities such as, thinking, understanding, learning, and remembering.
It is an important part of the body, and without it, one wouldn’t function at all. People rarely take
care of the brain because they think that it is inside, protected by the skull. However, it has to be
remembered that the brain needs to rest in order for it to function, and this rest that can be gained
through sleep plays a critical role in thinking and learning.
According to Men’s Health magazine, lack of sleep hurts cognition in many ways. First, it
impairs attention, alertness, concentration, and problem solving. This makes it more difficult to
learn. Second, during the night, various sleep cycles play a role in “consolidating” memories in
the mind. If one doesn’t get enough sleep, he wont be able to remember what he learned during
the day.
Related Studies
Victoria Knight (2017) cited that “College Students who did not go to bed or wake up at
consistent times everyday were more likely to have lower grades.” It is because of their school
paper works, assignments, projects and sometimes because of their some sort of things of doing.
Philippine Daily Inquirer (2016), cited that Filipinos are the most deprived people in Asia. It is
because of the addiction on using Internet, gadgets and many more things that affecting their
ability to sleep at night. Unresolved, problematic sleeping habits can gravely affect one’s health,
relationship, career, and overall well-being. These problems can even prove fatal in extreme cases.
Remember that quality sleep is a basic need for humans to properly function.
Dr. Vineet ( 2015), cited that many people sleep late at nights. Some watch their favorite movie,
some party, some read books and so on instead of sleeping. These habits should be avoided at late
nights. According to National Sleep Foundation, an average adult needs seven to nine hours of
sleep every night. Getting sleep for six hours or less a night can actually put your health in danger.
One night of less sleep doesn’t affect your health, but a week can. Research suggests that people,
who got less sleep for a week, were at an increased risk of developing some serious problems.
And one of the effect of sleeping late is stress symptoms are associated with the amount of sleep a
person gets each day. People who sleep late experience high levels of stress when compared to
people who sleep for seven-nine hours. Sleeping late leads to mental illnesses such as depression,
schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. People sleeping late tend to have sleeping pills, which
further increases the stress levels. This only means that many people now a days consume their
time on some sort of entertainment like using their gadgets, watching movies and etc., before they
sleep. And this affects their sleeping habits it may cause to them to have difficulty in sleeping at
night.
Kathleen Raven (2014) said that getting too little sleep might be a sign of- or even a contributor
to- emotional problems, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts among teens, according to a large study
from Europe. Based on data about the sleep habits of nearly 12,000 teens across 11 European
countries, researchers found that a student with suicidal thoughts could be predicted to sleep about
36 minutes less each night compared to counterparts with no suicidal thoughts. For teens with
severe emotional problems, the amount of sleep lost would be about 30 minutes, on average, each
night.
According to Preciosa S. Soliven (2016), she cited that at the Sleep Disorder Center of the Henry
Ford Hospital in Detroit, a study was conducted among college graduate students between 18-30
years old. It was discovered that 20 percent of them, who averaged seven to eight hours of sleep,
still fell asleep quickly during the day when they were allowed to be in a dark room. When one
hour was added to their sleep, they improved noticeably on performance tests measuring reaction
time and other skills. It is now believed that the “Quality of our sleep directly affects the quality of
our walking life, including our productivity, emotional balance, creativity, physical vitality, and
even our weight”. Sleep is therefore an essential human need, not a luxury, because it is in this
state of rest that our brain overseas that great work of biological maintenance to keep our bodies
running in prime condition. Mild sleep deprivation does not cause serious impairment but chronic
deprivation does. The range of impairment varies from feeling sleepy and irritable to having
headaches, feeling unmotivated, suffering body aches and pains, and generally feeling “stressed
out”. Chronic sleep loss affects our cardiovascular health, our energy balance and our ability to
fight infections.
According to unknown author, “Effects of Lack Sleep to the Students of Philippine State College
of Aeronautics” (APA, 2013). Lack of sleep (Sleep Deprivation) , sleep deprivation is the
condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic or acute. A chronic sleep-restricted
state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness and weight loss or weight gain. It
adversely affects the brain and cognitive function. Few studies have compared the effects of acute
total sleep deprivation and chronic partial sleep restriction.Effects on the Brain , sleep deprivation
can adversely affect the brain and cognitive function.[17] A 2000 study, by the UCSD school of
Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in San Diego, used functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor activity in the brains of sleep-deprived.
Leonidas (2013), cited that in a study of 3,000 students by Wolfson and Carskadon using a
behavior survey with self-reported grades, students with higher grades reported more sleep and
earlier bedtimes on school nights and reduced weekend delays of sleep schedules than students
with lower grades. Other studies showed similar results. In a study conducted in 15 countries
among students between 9 and 11 years old taking math and science tests, the American students
topped all of them with 73 percent reporting enough sleep. The average of the 15 countries was
46.5 percent. Kazakhstan reported the lowest at 12 percent. But BBC reported that more
technological countries like the United States topped the sleepless-night scores among students
because of cell phones and other mobile gadgets. “Having a computer screen that is eight inches
away from your face is going to expose you to a lot more light than watching television on the
opposite side of the room,” said Karrie Fitzpatrick, sleep researcher at Northwestern University in
Illinois. The light from the tablet or laptop, held close to the face, is physically disruptive to the
natural onset of sleep. Many of the students used technology at night, not studying but messaging
their friends using the Internet. Sleep loss affects also how food is utilized. When people are
sleep-deprived, their ability to use the food they have eaten is reduced by about 30 percent, which
also results in decreased insulin production as well as extraction of energy from glucose, a critical
brain food. While this metabolic process is going on, the body is stressed and increases the
production of cortisol, which further complicates the body chemistry and results in a faster aging
process. According to unknown author “ Lack of Sleep can affect Genes” Manila, Philippines
( APA, 2013), Lack of sleep does more than give you eye bags. New research has found that
getting less than the recommended 7 to 9 hours of sleep may affect even your genes. A study
published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
revealed that one week of not getting enough sleep “alters gene expression in human blood cells,”
changing the activity of over 700 different genes. The affected genes control bodily functions like
circadian rhythm or the internal clock, inflammation, stress response and metabolism. Genes that
usually change throughout the day to adjust to the body’s activities stop responding to night and
day. Previous studies have linked insufficient sleep to health problems like obesity, mental
impairment, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.