Practical Research 2 Finale PDF Free

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
CHAPTER 1:
THE PROBLEM
INTRODUCTION:
Sleeping has been a part of our daily routine after doing a particular activity
on a certain day. Nighttime is the time we get to sleep. When we get exhausted, our
body can’t function well and our brain can’t relay information. It simply reminds that
our body needs rest.
Sleeping late is a common problem among learners who studied both public
and private schools in elementary and secondary levels. Even tertiary students tend
to commit the same problem. Due to this, they get up very late and don’t have
enough time on doing their household chores and preparing their breakfast to eat
which may cause them to come to school late. When arriving late in a given time,
they are sanctioned by the disciplinarian through rendering community services in
order to secure admission slip which is a ticket of entering their respective classes.
And as they enter their classes, they are sleepy, inattentive, anti-social, lethargic,
and grumpy or highly tempered which leads them to have difficulty in
comprehending their lessons and conflict with the people around.
According to the 2016 Healthy Living Index Survey, Philippines is one of the
countries in Asia that has highest rates of sleeping late at night. 46% of the Filipinos
do not get enough sleep. On the other hand, 32% said they sleep for less than six
hours.
Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

Data from a certain research found that the average hours of sleeping that
teenagers spent 7.9 hours because of using social media as part of their pre-bed
time routine (Wang, et.al, 2016).
Sleeping is defined as an act of resting, recurring state of mind and body; a
process of restoration and renewal for the body. According to National Sleep
Foundation (2015), an individual needs 7-10 hours of sleep to store energy and be
able to function properly. Scientists until today do not have a definitive explanation
on why humans need to sleep. Sleeping is believed to be important when it comes to
physiologic processes like the processing of experiences and consolidating
memories. It is very clear that sleep is very important to humans and all living things
existed.
Sleeping always late at night has been a major problem to Senior High
School students of Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High School. This study aims to find
solutions and give recommendations on the reasons of sleeping always late at night
among Senior High School students on their academic performance.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
This study was anchored on the Theories of Sleep by Kendra Cherry (2018).
According to this theory, sleep has been the subject of speculation and thought
since the time of the early Greek philosophers, but only recently have researchers
discovered ways to study sleep in a systematic and objective way. The introduction
of new technology such as the electroencephalograph (EEG) has allowed scientists
to look at and measure electrical patterns and activity produced by the sleeping

brain. Sleeping patterns tend to follow a fairly predictable schedule and experts
agree that sleep plays an essential role in health and wellness. A number of different
theories have been proposed to explain the necessity of sleep as well as the
functions and purposes of sleep. The following are three of the major theories that
have emerged.
The first theory of sleep is the Repair and Restoration Theory of Sleep.
According to this theory, sleeping is essential for revitalizing and restoring the
physiological processes that keep the body and mind healthy and properly
functioning. This theory suggests that NREM sleep is important for restoring
physiological functions, while REM sleep is essential in restoring mental functions.
Support for this theory is provided by research that shows periods of REM
sleep increase following periods of sleep deprivation and strenuous physical activity.
During sleep, the body also increases its rate of cell division and protein synthesis,
further suggesting that repair and restoration occurs during sleeping periods.
Recently, researchers have uncovered new evidence supporting the repair
and restoration theory, discovering that sleep allows the brain to perform
"housekeeping" duties. In an October 2013 issue of the journal Science, researchers
published the results of a study indicating that the brain utilizes sleep to flush out
waste toxins. This waste removal system, they suggest, is one of the major reasons
why we sleep.

"The restorative function of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced
removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products that accumulate in the awake
central nervous system," the study's authors explained.
Earlier research had uncovered the glymphatic system, which carries waste
materials out of the brain. According to one of the study's authors, Dr. Maiken
Nedergaard, the brain's limited resources force it to choose between two different
functional states: awake and alert or asleep and cleaning up. They also suggest that
problems with cleaning out this brain waste might play a role in a number of brain
disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
The second theory of sleep is the Evolutionary Theory of Sleep, also known
as the adaptive theory of sleep. It suggests that periods of activity and inactivity
evolved as a means of conserving energy. According to this theory, all species have
adapted to sleep during periods of time when wakefulness would be the most
hazardous.
Support for this theory comes from comparative research of different animal
species. Animals that have few natural predators, such as bears and lions, often
sleep between 12 to 15 hours each day. On the other hand, animals that has many
natural predators have only short periods of sleep, usually getting no more than 4 or
5 hours of sleep each day.
The third theory of sleep is the Information Consolidation Theory of Sleep.
This theory is based on cognitive research and suggests that people sleep in order
to process information that has been acquired during the day. In addition to

processing information from the day prior, this theory also argues that sleep allows
the brain to prepare for the day to come.
Some research also suggests that sleep helps cement the things we have
learned during the day into long-term memory. Support for this idea stems from a
number of sleep deprivation studies demonstrating that a lack of sleep has a serious
impact on the ability to recall and remember information.
The fourth theory of sleep is The Clean-Up Theory of Sleep. Another major
theory suggests that sleep allows the brain to clean itself up. Research has found
that the brain cleans itself of toxins and waste produced during the day while asleep.
Brain cells produce waste products during their normal activities. As we sleep, fluid
flow through the brain increases. This acts as something of a waste disposal system,
cleansing out the brain of these waste products.
In this perspective, this study will be pursued following the thrust presented in
Figure 1, a schema of the problem showing the interplay between the independent
and dependent variables of the study. The students profile which include the age,
gender, number of siblings, and the parent’s educational attainment are the
independent variables of the study which could possibly affect the dependent
variables; effects on their academic performance and reasons of sleeping always
late at night (ALLAN).

Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Students' profile
Effects on Their
Age
Academic
Gender
Performance
Parents’ Attainment
Reasons of Sleeping
No. of Siblings Always Late at Night
Figure 1: Schema of the problem showing the interplay between the independent
and dependent variable of the study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
The main objective of this study is to discover the factors why Senior High
School students of Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High School suffer from sleeping always
late at night.
Specifically, the study aims to answer the following inquiries:
1. How are participants distributed in terms of:
1.1. Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 No. of Siblings; and
1.4 Parents’ Attainment
2. What are the participants' reasons of sleeping always late at night
(ALLAN)?
3. How are the participants' reasons of sleeping always late at night (ALLAN)
affect their academic performance?
4 What is the relationship between sleeping always late at night (ALLAN) to
academic performance?
HYPOTHESIS:
Based on the specific problems 1, 2, and 3 are hypothesis free. Problem 4 will
be test at 0.5 level of significance and will be test using Pearson's correlation test
which is denoted by r.

Ha. There is significant relationship between the reasons of sleeping always
late at night (ALLAN) and its effects to Senior High School students academic
performance.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
The significance of the study aims to give big significance to the following:
Students. This research will help the students to express their feelings, insights, and
reactions by participating on the survey. This may also give them knowledge and
information on the effects of sleeping "ALLAN" on their academic performance and
its importance on one’s health and performance.
Parents. This research will serve as a guide for them, to provide and monitor their
children on their daily activities, so as not to let their child sleep late at night.
Teachers. This research will be an eye-opener for the teachers. This will let them
know and understand their students’ current set-up, may it be on their work as a
working student or their schedule of modeling practices and other related stints. This
is also for them to know what they can do further augment and make the educational
experience enjoyable and meaningful not only for their students but also for
themselves despites the rigid requirements.
Health-conscious people. This research will help them discover facts about sleep
late at night and can also learn some health tips.
Future researchers. This research where the findings and implications of the study
will motivate them to conduct studies in a wider scope, use more populations and
include other variables that area considered in this study.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
The study will only limit on the effects of sleeping always late at night
(ALLAN) among the Grade 11 and 12 students in Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High
School (PONRSHS), Calaanan, Canitoan, Cagayan de Oro City. The research may
contain the students/respondents profile (age, gender, number of siblings, and
parent’s attainment); their reasons on sleeping always late at night (ALLAN) and
academic performance (average grade in the first semester). Nothing else shall be
brought up in the research, such as personal life of the students and such for it is
considered irrelevant, nothing shall be added or subtracted from this research that
may cause conflict or trouble in the progress of this research.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
To deepen the understanding about the research study, the researchers
define significant terms conceptually and operationally.
Academic Performance. This term refers to the performance of a student in their
academic subjects based on their General Point Average (GPA).
Grade 11 and 12. This term refers to additional two years of high school.
Nighttime. This term refers to the time after sunset and the time where our body
needs rest.
Sleeping ALLAN. This term refers to the habit of sleeping always late at night, a
habit of sleeping beyond 9:00 PM every day.

CHAPTER 2:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Review of Related Literature in Foreign Setting
Sleep plays a fundamental role in the way we learn. Emerging evidence
makes a compelling case for the importance of sleep for language learning, memory,
problem solving and behavior during childhood (Dimitriou, 2016).
Dimitriou added that poor quality of sleep, caused by lots of waking up during
the night has also been reported to be a strong predictor of lower academic
performance, reduced capacity for attention, poor executive function and challenging
behavior.
In 1950’s-1960’s, most schools started their class between 8:30 AM and 9:00
AM. Majority of the students barely stayed awake all day. But as year 2000 arrives,
most of the high schools started their classes at 7:30 AM or earlier. A growing
number of studies showed that those schools who started their classes earlier can
lead to undermine the teenagers in their learning ability, driving safely and getting
along with others (Zuckerman, 2018).
Sleeping late affects learning. Sleeping during classes makes it impossible to
learn although it is not the biggest problem for learners who are sleepy. Learners
who don’t get 8-9 hours of sleep may lead to have lack of concentration in class and
having difficulty in remembering of what they are reading, seeing and hearing.
Today, adolescents sleep less and experience more daytime sleepiness
symptoms, unlike to the previous generations. They added that late sleeping hours

have been shown to correlate with poor performance in school, possibly via a
pathway involving reduced attention and increased daytime somnolence. (Urrila, et.
al, 2017)
In their study, it was found out that boys had on average later bedtimes on
weekends than girls. The mean bedtime on weekends were 23:40 ± 1:08 for boys
and 23:18 ± 00:59 for girls. There was a relationship between poor school grade
average and late weekend bedtimes.
Short, et. al (2013) stated that adolescents with poor sleep quality were more
likely to have worse grades, through the association with depression. In their study,
they found out that among 385 adolescents aged 13–18 years (M = 15.6, SD = 1.0;
60% male) in high schools in South Australia, it was found out that sleep quality was
significantly associated with poor outcomes where teenagers with poorer sleep
quality reported less sleep on school nights (β = −.28, p < .001), diminished daytime
alertness (β = .33, p < .001), and more depressed mood (β = .47, p < .001).
Sleepiness during daytime, problems in paying attention, moody or grouchy,
and acting without thinking are some signs that a person is experiencing sleeping
always late at night (American Academy of Medicine, 2012).
According to a study proposed by Gau and Soong (1995), there is a
relationship between daily sleep time and characteristics of students, e.g. grade
level, gender, and academic program. A sleep habit questionnaire was designed to
survey students at two junior high schools, one from northern Taipei and the other

from southern Taipei. The impact of shortened duration of sleep on daily function
was also evaluated.
They formulated a questionnaire about this study where a total of 965
students and their parents were selected randomly in December 1993 for this
questionnaire study. The response rate was 96.4% (930) for students and 88.6%
(855) for parents.
The self-reported daily sleep time of students declined, and daytime
sleepiness and moodiness increased in the higher grades. The girls slept fewer
hours than the boys and did not show an increase in daytime sleepiness. Those
students not taking the senior high school joint entrance examination slept more
hours at night and maintained more alertness in the daytime than those who were
taking the examination. The more academic pressures that adolescents faced, the
fewer hours they slept. Students not participating in the joint entrance examination
seemed to show a healthier sleep pattern.
They found out that little sleep at night made the students feel sleepy in the
daytime and tired, drowsy, moody and difficult at arising in the morning. The reason
why girls slept less than boys needs further investigation.

Review of Related Literature in Local Setting
According to the Philippine Daily Inquirer, Filipinos are fond of sleeping late at
night in Asia. In their research, they found out that almost 50 million Filipinos are
sleeping in just 6 hours a day.
Every student should have enough rest which is 8-10 hours of sleep before
taking an examination to have a better performance. Adding a nap in the afternoon
will also help improve your memory. The more we study the effects of sleep loss, the
more we will find that the purpose of adequate sleep is to achieve better memory
and improved learning. Sleep loss means mind loss. It shackles learning in many
ways. It curtails critical thinking, messes up memory and mood, retards reasoning,
and shutters quantitative skills. (Leonidas, 2012)
Leonidas added that when he was a medical student, it was a common
practice to cram and study up to 3:00 AM or 4:00 AM. He believed that by doing so,
he would perform better in the test because he studied longer.
Academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and how
they accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers (Banquil, et. al,
2009). It also refers on how students deal with their studies and how they cope with
different factors affecting their academic performance. Academic performance can
also refer to “how well a student meets standards set out by local government and
the institution itself.”
In a study of soldiers, operating complex military hardware, it was found that
one night of sleep loss resulted in about 30% loss of cognitive skills and drop in

performance. If soldiers are deprived of two nights of sleep, a 60% drop in
performance is the outcome.
In a study, a group of students were given a series of math problems with
some tips on how to solve these. They were told of a shortcut solution to the
problems that they should discover during the process. They were tested 12 hours
after the training. Of the students who were not allowed to sleep before the math
test, only 20% discovered the shortcut. However, those students who were allowed
eight hours of sleep performed much better. 60% of them found the shortcut.

CHAPTER 3:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This part of the research will show the procedure and sequences followed in
gathering the needed data to answer the problems in this study. It will describe the
following: research design, research locale, respondents and sampling procedure,
research instrument, data gathering procedure, categorization of variables and
statistical treatment.
Research Design
This study will employ the descriptive and correlational method of research.
This design involves the use of descriptive statistics and the systematic investigation
or statistical study of relationships among two or more variables.
Research Locale
The entirety of the research will be conducted within the limits of Cagayan de
Oro City, mostly but not limited to the institution of Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High
School, Calaanan, Canitoan, Cagayan de Oro City, where the researchers are
currently enrolled in. The study will be conducted to assess the reasons of sleeping
always late at night (ALLAN) and its effects on the academic performance among
the Senior High School students of this institution.

Pedro "Oloy" N.
Roa Sr. High School
Figure 2. Map of the Barangay Canitoan

Respondents and Sampling Procedure
The participants of this study will be the selected Grade 11 and 12 students of
Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High School. Purposive sampling will be done during the
conduct of the survey.
In order not to interrupt classes, the participants of this study will be the
students who claimed or identified as sleeping always late at night (ALLAN) and will
be the one tap based on the result of the question.
Research Instrument
The research instrument that will be used to gather the necessary data for
this study is the modified survey questionnaire, informal interview, and forms. Before
the conduct of research, the researchers asked permission the Senior High School
Coordinator and to the school principal of Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High School.
The first part of the researcher made questionnaire will be designed to elicit
information on the profile of the respondents. The second part will measure the
significant relationship between variables.
Data Gathering Procedure
The following data gathering procedure will be observed:
The instruments were personally administered to the Grade 11 and 12
students of Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High School. To conduct the research, an
approval from the Senior High School Coordinator and the School Principal of this
institution took place. Aside from the Senior High School Coordinator and the School
Principal, the teacher included in the study will be consulted.

In administering the instruments, the researcher established rapport with the
participants to make them feel at ease. Then the direction of each item will be
explained by the researcher thoroughly with the approach of the teacher.
Categorization of Variables
The categories to be used in analyzing and interpreting data are as follows:
Gender
Male Female
LGBT
Age
15 years old 20 years old
16 years old 21 years old
17 years old 22 years
18 years old 23 years old and above
19 years old
No. of Siblings
0-1 4 or more
2-3
Statistical Treatment
The analysis and interpretation of the data was aided with the following tools:
Descriptive Statistics. The frequency and percentage was used in determining
the distribution of the respondents to specific variables used.

Inferential Statistics. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) will be used to
test the significant relationship between the reasons of sleeping always late at night
and its effects to the academic performance among Senior High School students.

CHAPTER 4:
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analyses and interpretation of data gathered out of
the instruments used in this study. The findings are presented, analyzed and
interpreted sequentially by problem for a deeper understanding of the data.
Problem No.1 How are the Senior High School participants distributed in
terms of age, gender, number of siblings, and parent’s educational attainment?
Table 1
Distribution of Senior High School Participants According to Age
Age Number of Participants Percentage

15 1 0.99
16 14 13.86
17 24 23.76
18 23 22.77
19 25 24.75
20 5 4.95
21 5 4.95
22 3 2.97
23 and above 1 0.99
TOTAL 101 99.99
Table 1 shows the distribution of participants according to age. It reveals that
one of the Senior High School students ages 15 are one (0.99%), fourteen (13.86%)
for students ages 16, twenty-four (23.76%) for students ages 17, twenty-three
(22.77%) for students ages 18, twenty-five (24.75%) for students ages 19, five

(4.95%) for students ages 20 and 21, three (2.97%) for students ages 22, and one
(0.99%) for a students ages 23 and above.
This shows that most of the students who are fond of sleeping always late at
night are ages 17-19 years old. Adolescents in this age range showed greater
prevalence of short sleep duration than those aged 10-12 years because of shifting
of classes in their school where the morning and evening shift classes have a higher
prevalence of short sleep duration (Felden, et.al, 2016).
Table 2 Distribution of Senior High
School Participants in Terms of Gender
Gender Number of Participants Percentage

Male 49 48.51
Female 45 44.55
LGBT 7 6.93
Total 101 99.99
Table 2 shows the distribution of Senior High School participants according to
gender. The result shows that out of 101 participants, 49 (48.51%) were male, 45
(44.55%) were female and 7 (6.93%) were lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
(LGBT). Result reveals that majority of the respondents were males. This is probably
because boys are fond of sleeping always late at night.
Most teen do not get enough sleep. One study found that only 15% reported
sleeping 8 hours and 30 minutes on school nights. Tending to do so will lead to limit
your ability to learn, concentrate and solve problems. You may even forget important

information like names, numbers, your homework or a date with your special
someone in your life (National Sleep Foundation, 2019).
Table 3
Distribution of Participants in terms of Number of Siblings
Number of Siblings Number of Participants Percentage

0 1 0.99
1 7 6.93
2 16 15.84
3 20 19.80
4 and above 57 56.44
Total 101 100
Table 3 shows the distribution of participants in terms of number of siblings. It
shows that out of 101 Senior High School students, the highest number of siblings is
four (56.44%), followed by three (19.80%), two (15.84%), one (6.93%), and none
(0.99%). It signifies that most of the participants’ number of siblings is four and
above which is 57 (56.44%).
Table 4.1
Distribution of Senior High School Participants According to Parent’s
Attainment (Mother)
Parent’s Attainment Number of Participants Percentage

Elementary Level 12 11.88
Elementary Graduate 5 4.95
High School Level 31 30.69
High School Graduate 24 23.76
College Level 13 12.87
College Graduate 15 14.85
Post Graduate Level 1 0.99
Post Graduate Graduate 0 0.00
Total 101 99.99

Table 4.1 shows the distribution of respondents according to their parent’s
attainment (mother). It reveals that most of the Senior High School students’ parent
attainments of their mother were high school level (30.69%) followed by high school
graduate (23.76%), college graduate (14.85%), college level (12.87%), elementary
level (11.88%), and elementary graduate (4.95%). There is one who is post graduate
level (0.99%) and none for post graduate graduate (0.00%).
Table 4.2 Distribution of Senior High

School Participants According to Parent’s Attainment (Father)
Parent’s Attainment Number of Participants Percentage
Elementary Level 15 14.85
Elementary Graduate 8 7.92
High School Level 19 18.81
High School Graduate 31 30.69
College Level 10 9.90
College Graduate 17 16.83
Post Graduate Level 0 0.00
Post Graduate Graduate 0 0.00
Total 100 99
Table 4.2 shows the distribution of respondents according to their parent’s
attainment (father). It reveals that most of the Senior High School students’ parent
attainments of their father were high school graduate (30.69%) followed by high
school level (18.81%), college graduate (16.83%), elementary level (14.85%),
college level (9.90%), elementary graduate (7.92%) and post graduate level and
none for post graduate graduate which are both none (0.00%).

Results show that most of the parents’ attainment finished high school level.
In the educational attainment of household population from the Philippine Statistics
Office (results from the 2010 population), 5,131,346 were males and 5,220, 937
were females who finished high school.
In a survey of a certain study, majority of the parents believed that inadequate
sleep increases the risk of being underweight and endorsed snoring as a sign of
healthy sleep (Owens, 2011).
Problem 2. What are the participants’ reasons of sleeping always late at night
(ALLAN)?
Table 5
Reasons of Sleeping Late at Night
Reasons Number of Participants Percentage
Social Media Leisure 64 63.37
Online Games 13 12.87
Others 24 23.76
Total 101 100
Table 5 shows the distribution of participants in terms of reasons of sleeping
always late at night (ALLAN). Results shows that the main reason of getting them to
sleep late at night is the social media leisure. Out of 101 participants, 64 (63.37%) of
them are fond of spending their time in social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter,
Youtube, Snapchat, among others). Among the types of social media, it was found
out that facebook is the most common type of social media that students used where
out of 64 participants, 51 (79.65%) of them are using it.

In a survey of a certain study, researchers found that the greater the sleep
debt a student accrued, the more time they spent looking at social media, regardless
of whether it was on their computer or their phone. They conducted end-of-week
interviews with the participants and found that most of the teenagers are using
Facebook as part of their sleep and wake routines on which 20 students described
the use of social media as part of their pre-bed ritual (Wang , et.al, 2016).
Problem 3. How does sleeping always late at night affect the participants’
academic performance?
Table 6
Participants’ Academic Performance
Academic Performance
74% 75-79% 80-84% 85-89% 90%

below above Total Percen-
Participants Approachi tage
Beginnin Developi ng Proficie Advan- (%)
g ng Proficient nt ced
Social Media 8 6 15 18 17 64 63.37

Online Games 0 3 7 3 0 13 12.87
Others 3 3 7 5 6 24 23.76
Total 11 12 29 26 23 101 100
Percentage (%) 10.89 11.88 28.71 25.74 22.77 100 100
Table 6 shows the various reasons about sleeping always late at night. The
data above displays the Senior High School participants’ academic performance
where out of 101 participants, answers came out to be divided. Results reveal that

29 (28.71%) were participants whose grades are approaching proficient which
means that they have an average grade is 80-84% even they are sleeping always
late at night (ALLAN), followed by 26 (25.74%) participants with an average grade of
85-90% which means proficient, 23 (22.77%) participants whose grades are 90%
above which means advanced and 12 (11.88%) participants whose average grade
they got are 75-79% which means they are developing. Even they are sleeping
always late at night (ALLAN), they were still participants who got the average grade
of 74% and below which means that they are just beginning.
These portrays that, since majority of the students spend most of their time in
social media, they tend to sleep late at night because they chat their friends and
classmates, posting their photos and status, watching online videos, among others
as part of their leisure time before going to sleep. That’s why, most of the
participants got an average grade of 80-84% which means they are approaching
proficient.
Study from a certain research shows that allowing students to get more sleep
may result in higher General Point Average (GPA) because getting enough sleep will
leave you more alert, focused, and capable of doing your best (Schuschu, 2019).

Problem 4. What is the relationship between sleeping always late at night
(ALLAN) to academic performance?
Table 7
Test significant relationship of students’ reasons of sleeping always late at night to their academic performance
Reason of sleeping always late at night and its effect to the academic
performance
r Tabular value Description
1 -0.06 Significant
 significant at 0.05
The table shows that there is significant relationship on the students’ reasons
of sleeping always at night to its academic performance. The result of computed
value (r) reveals 1 and is less than its tabular value which is -0.06 and shows that
there is significant relationship on both.
Research shows that students who had more regular sleep patterns will have
better average school grades. It implies that it is not always the hours of sleep that a
student gets. It is the fact that sleeping irregularly can affect your performance
(Segaren, 2018).
CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary and findings of the study. It also gives the
conclusions and recommendations based from the findings of the study.
This study which employed the purposive sampling method of research
delved on the effects of sleeping always late at night of Senior High School students
of Pedro “Oloy” N. Roa Sr. High School. The participants of the study were the
Grade 11 and 12 students of the said institution. The sections under the Senior High
School level are Grade 11 HUMSS, Grade 11 TVL, Grade 11 GAS, Grade 11 ICT,
Grade 12 GAS and Grade 12 TVL/ICT. Students who were present during the
survey were picked from the population by purposive sampling.
A qualified questionnaire was used in raising information from the participants
particularly with high respect to their profile and on their various reasons and stand
about sleeping always late at night (ALLAN) may affect their academic performance.
The presentation and analysis of the gathered date used frequency and
percentage. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was used in
testing the significance and relationship on the students’ various reasons on
sleeping always late at night (ALLAN) and their stand on the effects to their
academic performance.
FINDINGS:

The following findings surfaced in the course of the study:
1) It was found that majority of the participants were males which comprised of
49 (48.51%) students, ages 17-19 years old, with their high school graduate
of parents’ attainment for their mother (30.69%) and high school graduate for
their father (30.69%), and have 4 or more number of siblings.
2) The various reasons about sleeping always late at night data shows the
different reasons of the Senior High School participants where out of 101
participants, answers came out to be divided. Majority of the students slept
late at night because they spent most of their time in social media (63.37%)
such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Snapchat, among others.
While others said that they are sleeping always late at night because of online
games (12.87%) such as DOTA, ROS, Mobile Legends, COC, among others,
and other reasons (23.76%) such as watching TV, storekeeping, babysitting,
texting and chatting, part time job, among others.
3) The Senior High School participants’ academic performance shows that
majority of them (28.71%) got an average grade of 80-84% which means that
they are on the stages of approaching proficient with spending most of the
time in social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Youtube, Snapchat,
among others) as the leading cause of sleeping always late at night (ALLAN).

4) The test between significant relationship between the reasons of sleeping late
at night (ALLAN) and its effect to the academic performance shows that there
is significant relationship.
5) The Ha hypothesis of the researchers stated that there is significant
relationship between the students’ reason of sleeping always late at night
(ALLAN) and its effect on its academic performance was accepted, as tested
at 0.05 level of significance.
CONCLUSION:
On the basis of the foregoing findings, it can be concluded that most of the
Senior High School students were male, ages 17-19, most of the parents were high
school level and high school graduate and have 4 or more siblings in the family.
Most of the students’ reason for sleeping always late at night is that they
spend most of their time in social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Youtube,
among others). These students have an average performance in their academics,
the reason why they got satisfactory grades in their academic performance even
they are sleeping always late at night. Result shows that sleeping always late at
night has no significant relationship to the students’ academic performance and thus,
the Ha hypothesis that says “There is significant relationship between the students’
reasons of sleeping always late at night (ALLAN) and its effect on their academic
performance”, was being accepted.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
On the basis of the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations
are offered:
1) Since the students are spending most of their time in social media, they
should minimize their time in its usage.
2) Early class schedule is a bit hectic time for the students to prepare. It is
recommended to start classes at 7:30 AM or 8:00 AM.
3) All students who have early morning schedule of classes should be included
in this study.
4) Advisers as well as the subject teachers should be part of this study. The
attendance and their grades should be included to give more proof of the
study.
5) All schools in the division of Cagayan de Oro City or in the West II district
should be included to give a wider scope of the study.
6) The parents should monitor their children from time to time about their
sleeping habits.
7) The students should establish a bed and wake-time schedule and stick to it.
They should achieve 8-10 hours of sleep.
8) In their respective homes, they should make their bedrooms a sleep haven
where they have to keep it cool, quiet, and dark.

REFERENCES:
 American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2012), "Sleep problems may
 affect children's behavior", Sleep Education retrieved from
http://www.sleepeducation.org/news/2012/10/29/sleep-problems-may-
affect-children's-behavior
 Banquil, K. et. al (2009) “Social Networking Sites Affect One’s
Academic Performance Adversely”, retrieved from
https://www.ust.edu.ph
 Cerminara, Z. et al., (2015), "Losing Sleep Over Poor Performance",
Educational Theory and Practice, retrieved from
http://edtheory.blogspot.com/2015/09/losing-sleep-over-poor-
performance.html
 Cherry, K. (2018), "Theories of Sleep", Very Well Mind , retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/theories-of-sleep-2795929
 Dimitriou, D. (2016), "Study shows teens' sleep habits affect grades",
The Straits Times, retrieved from
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/study-shows-teens-
sleep-habits-affect-grades
 Felden, et.al (2016), “Factors Associated with Short Sleep Duration in
Adolescents”, retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?
script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-05822016000100064

 Gau, S.F. and Soong, W.T. (1995), " Sleep Problems of Junior High
School Students in Taipei", retrieved from
https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/18/8/667/2749742
 Leonidas, L. (2012), "Loss of sleep and learning", Inquirer.Net retrieved
from https://opinion.inquirer.net/38774/loss-of-sleep-and-learning
 National Sleep Foundation (2019), Teens and Sleep, retrieved from
https://sleepfoundation.org
 Owens, J. (2011), Parental Knowledge of Healthy Sleep in Young
Children: Results of a Primary Care Clinic Survey, retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51102400_Parental_Knowled
ge_of_Healthy_Sleep_in_Young_Children_Results_of_a_Primary_Car
e_Clinic_Survey
 Philippine Statistics Authority (2013), “The Educational Attainment of
the Household Population (results from 2010 census)”, retrieved from
https://psa.gov.ph/content/educational-attainment-household-
population-results-2010-census
 Schuschu, M. (2019), “An Ode to Sleep: Why High School Students
Really Do Need Their Rest (Even When They Don’t Want It)”, retrieved
from https://zen.collegevine.com/ode-sleep-high-school-students-
really-need-rest-even-dont-want/

 Segaran, S. (2018), “The Impact of Sleep on Academic Performance”,
retrieved from https://www.studyinternational.com/news/the-impact-of-
sleep-on-academic-performance/
 Short, et. al (2013), “The impact of sleep on adolescent depressed
mood, alertness and academic performance”, retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140197113001139
 Urrila, et. al (2017), “Sleep habits, academic performance, and the
adolescent brain structure”, retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5299428/#!
po=0.438596

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

our body needs rest.

they are sanctioned by the disciplinarian through rendering community services in

and grumpy or highly tempered which leads them to have difficulty in

comprehending their lessons and conflict with the people around.

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

time routine (Wang, et.al, 2016).

Sleeping is defined as an act of resting, recurring state of mind and body; a

on why humans need to sleep. Sleeping is believed to be important when it comes to

physiologic processes like the processing of experiences and consolidating

among Senior High School students on their academic performance.

of new technology such as the electroencephalograph (EEG) has allowed scientists

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

physiological functions, while REM sleep is essential in restoring mental functions.

Recently, researchers have uncovered new evidence supporting the repair

"housekeeping" duties. In an October 2013 issue of the journal Science, researchers

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

"The restorative function of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced

removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products that accumulate in the awake

central nervous system," the study's authors explained.

disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

5 hours of sleep each day.

The third theory of sleep is the Information Consolidation Theory of Sleep.

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

the brain to prepare for the day to come.

impact on the ability to recall and remember information.

cleansing out the brain of these waste products.

variables; effects on their academic performance and reasons of sleeping always

late at night (ALLAN).

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

No. of Siblings Always Late at Night

and dependent variable of the study.

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following inquiries:

1. How are participants distributed in terms of:

1.3 No. of Siblings; and

1.4 Parents’ Attainment

2. What are the participants' reasons of sleeping always late at night

affect their academic performance?

4 What is the relationship between sleeping always late at night (ALLAN) to

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

Ha. There is significant relationship between the reasons of sleeping always

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

information on the effects of sleeping "ALLAN" on their academic performance and

its importance on one’s health and performance.

themselves despites the rigid requirements.

late at night and can also learn some health tips.

include other variables that area considered in this study.

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

contain the students/respondents profile (age, gender, number of siblings, and

may cause conflict or trouble in the progress of this research.

To deepen the understanding about the research study, the researchers

define significant terms conceptually and operationally.

Academic Performance. This term refers to the performance of a student in their

academic subjects based on their General Point Average (GPA).

habit of sleeping beyond 9:00 PM every day.

Competence. Dedication. Optimism.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature in Foreign Setting

Sleep plays a fundamental role in the way we learn. Emerging evidence