Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

Motivation
Purpose of driving force behind our actions
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What are the two types of motivation?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Extrinsic Motivation
Based on external circumstance
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Intrinsic Motivation
Based on internal drive of perception
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What are the motivation theories?
Instinct theory, arousal theory, drive reduction theory,
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Instinct Theory
Innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to stimuli
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Arousal Theory
The state of being awake and reactive to stimuli; aim for
optimal level of arousal for a given task (Yerkes-Dodson
law)
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Label to parts of the graph of arousal theory:
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

Drive reduction
theory
Individuals act to relieve internal states of tension
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Prioritizes needs into five categories: physiological needs
(highest priority), safety and security, love and belonging,
self-esteem, and self-actualization (lowest priority)
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What are the seven universal emotions?
Happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, anger
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What are the names of the theories of emotions?
James-Lange, Cannon-Card, Schachter-Singer
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What is the first and second response to the stimulus in
the James-Lange theory of emotion?
First: Nervous system arousal
Second: Conscious emotion
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What is the first and second response to the stimulus in
the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
First: Nervous system arousal and conscious emotion
Second: Action
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What is the first and second response to the stimulus in
the James-Lange theory of emotion?
First: Nervous system arousal and cognitive appraisal
Second: Conscious emotion
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Stress
The physiological and cognitive response to challenges or
life changes
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What are the two types of stress?
Primary appraisal and Secondary appraisal
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Primary appraisal
Classifying a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign –
positive, or stressful
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Secondary appraisal
Directed at evaluation whether the organism can cope with
stress, based on harm, threat, and challenge
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Stressor (distress or eustress)
 Anything that leads to stress response; can include
environmental, social, psychological, chemical, and
biological stressors
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
What are the three stages of the general adaption
syndrome?
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
 Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Label the graph of the general adaption syndrome
Behavioral Sciences – Motivation, Emotion, and Stress