ChemE 122 WS-PS 2.

3 Department of Chemical Engineering

1st Semester AY 2021-2022 University of the Philippines Diliman
First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems

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1
Problem 1
Two moles of nitrogen gas which obeys Van der Waals equation of state with an initial temperature of 250 K and initial total
volume of 5 L expands reversibly and isothermally to a final total volume of 80 L. The accompanying change in internal energy
during the process is -8.2 kJ. The van der Waals parameters for Nitrogen is presented below.
𝑅𝑇 𝑎
Van der Waals EOS: 𝑃 = −
𝑉−𝑏 𝑉2

𝑃𝑎−𝑚6 𝑚3
For N2, the VdW parameters are: 𝑎 = 0.1408 and 𝑏 = 3.913 𝑥 10−5
𝑚𝑜𝑙2 𝑚𝑜𝑙

1) Calculate the work done by the system

2) Calculate the heat involved in the process

3) If the expansion was adiabatic, what is the final volume of the gas?

Given

Required

Solution

1)

a. Equation for Work for a reversible process in closed systems.

𝑉2

𝑊 = − ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉
𝑉1

b. Substitute the expression for P from VdW to the equation above.

c. Integrate the right side of the equation from V 1 to V2.

d. Solve for Work

Answer: For 2 mols of N2, 𝑊 = −11,481.56 𝐽

2
2)

a. Energy balance for a reversible process in closed systems

b. Solve for Q

3)

a. If 𝑄 = 0,

∆𝑈 =

b. Solve for V2

Answer: For 2 mols of N2, 𝑉2𝑡 = 36.30 𝐿

3
Problem 2
Carbon dioxide (assume ideal gas) undergoes series of mechanically reversible processes in a closed system
Process 1: from an initial state of 80 °C and 3 bar, it is cooled to 30 °C constant pressure
Process 2: then, it is adiabatically compressed to a pressure of 5 bar
Process 3: finally, it is expanded to a pressure of 2 bar at constant temperature

Calculate W, Q, ΔU and ΔH for each process and the entire cycle

Given

Required

Solution

a. Draw the diagram for the series of mechanically reversible processes

b. Approximate heat capacities of CO2

𝐶𝑉 =

𝐶𝑃 =

b. Calculate the W, Q, ΔU and ΔH for process 1

Basis: 1 mol of CO2

At constant P,

∆𝑈1 =

𝑊1 =

∆𝐻1 =

𝑄1 =

4
c. Relationship of T and P in adiabatic process

d. Calculate the temperature of the system after process 2

Answer: 339.592 K

e. Calculate the W, Q, ΔU and ΔH for process 2

Basis:
For an adiabatic process,

𝑄2 =

∆𝑈2 =

𝑊2 =

∆𝐻2 =

f. Calculate the W, Q, ΔU and ΔH for process 3

Basis:
At constant ___

∆𝑈3 =

∆𝐻3 =

𝑄3 =

𝑊3 =

g. Calculate the W, Q, ΔU and ΔH for the entire series of processes.

∆𝑈 =

∆𝐻 =

𝑄=

𝑊=

Answer: 𝑊 = −1110.9 𝐽
5
Problem 3
Argon (assume ideal) with an initial state of 400 K and 7 bar is subjected to a four-step mechanically reversible cycle in a closed
system.

• Process 1-2: temperature increases isobarically to 520 K;

• Process 2-3, pressure increases at constant volume to 9 bar;
• Process 3-4, volume decreases isothermally; and
• Process 4-1, the gas returns adiabatically to its initial state.

a) Determine both T and P for states 1, 2, 3, and 4.

b) Calculate Q, W, ΔU, and ΔH for each step of the cycle.