SKEE4643 TEST1 1 hour 20 minutes

Question 1
In the buck converter of Figure Q1, the averaged model of the switch network is
desired. The terminals voltage and current of the switch network are given as 𝑣𝑣1 ,
𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑖𝑖1 and 𝑖𝑖2 . The input voltage is a constant, vg. The capacitor, C, is sufficiently
large so that the output voltage, vo, is considerably constant. The converter
operates in CCM with inductor current repeatedly changes between iLmin and
iLmax in steady state.

𝑖𝑖1 𝑖𝑖2
+ + +

+ 𝑣𝑣1
𝑣𝑣𝑔𝑔 - 𝑣𝑣2 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜

- - -

Figure Q1
(i) Draw the terminal switch network waveforms: v1, v2, i1 and i2. Label key quantities.
[3 marks]
(ii) Find the average voltage conversion ratio, 〈𝑣𝑣2 〉⁄〈𝑣𝑣1 〉 and the average current
conversion ratio, 〈𝑖𝑖2 〉⁄〈𝑖𝑖1 〉 of the switch network. [2 marks]
(iii) Construct averaged circuit model of the complete buck converter by replacement
of the switch network by the averaged switch model (dependent sources) based
on the equations found in (ii). [2 marks]
(iv) If vg = 30 V, vo = 12 V and R = 3 Ω, find 〈𝑖𝑖1 〉, 〈𝑖𝑖2 〉, 〈𝑣𝑣1 〉, and 〈𝑣𝑣2 〉 under steady-state
condition. [3 marks]

(v) Transform the averaged model obtained in (ii) into the PWM averaged model. You
can do that by relating their terminal variables 〈𝑖𝑖1 〉, 〈𝑖𝑖2 〉, 〈𝑣𝑣1 〉, and 〈𝑣𝑣2 〉 to 〈𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎 〉, 〈𝑖𝑖𝑝𝑝 〉,
〈𝑣𝑣𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 〉, and 〈𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 〉. Draw the equivalent circuit of the PWM averaged model.
[2marks]

Question 2
In a buck-boost converter, the MOSFET has on resistance, RQ = 75 mΩ, the forward drop,
VQ = 0; the diode forward voltage drop can be modeled by constant voltage VD = 1.2 V,
with resistor RD = 100 mΩ, and the inductor has an internal resistance rL = 200 mΩ. The
load equivalent resistance R = 15 Ω. The input voltage, vg = 60 V and the output voltage,
|vo|= 30 V.
 (i) Draw an equivalent circuit which shows the DC properties of this converter (no
need to derive). The averaged switch model can be represented by dependent
sources or a DC transformer. [2 marks]

(ii) Derive the efficiency, 𝜂𝜂, and the voltage conversion ratio, Mv. [4 marks]

(iii) Use SECANT method to determine the required duty cycle, D. [4 marks]

(iv) Determine the efficiency of the converter. [2 marks]

Question 3

A boost converter used to step-up the input voltage of 20 V to the output of 40 V has an
efficiency of 98% at 80 W load. If the switch and diode are considered ideal, and the
power loss is solely due to the inductor resistance, RL, find the value of RL.

[3 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......
Potentially Useful Formula

Dk − Dk −1
Dk=
+1 Dk − f ( Dk ) 𝐷𝐷0 = 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐷𝐷1 = 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 0.1
f ( Dk ) − f ( Dk −1 )
1
=η = MV M I
P
1 + loss
Po
𝑃𝑃𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿2 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 + 𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜
𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜2 = 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜 =
𝑅𝑅 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜
rL DRQ + D ' RD
REQ =+
'
V
=EQ DVQ + DV D
T
∫ 0
vL dt = 0
〈𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 〉
〈𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 〉 = 𝑑𝑑〈𝑖𝑖𝐿𝐿 〉 〈𝑖𝑖𝐷𝐷 〉 = (1 − 𝑑𝑑)〈𝑖𝑖𝐿𝐿 〉 〈𝑖𝑖𝑜𝑜 〉 =
𝑅𝑅

Ideal Case:
𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 1 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 𝐷𝐷
= 𝐷𝐷, = , =
𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 1 − 𝐷𝐷 𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 1 − 𝐷𝐷
𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 1 𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 𝐷𝐷
= 𝐷𝐷, = , =
𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜 1 − 𝐷𝐷 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜 1 − 𝐷𝐷

𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜

𝐷𝐷 = 𝐷𝐷 = 1 − 𝐷𝐷 =
𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 +𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔