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Marking Scheme
1 (a) 40 cm3 1

(b) Let w be the bond energy of the O-H bond

ΔH = [(390×12) + (498×3)] – [(946×2) + 12w]

2

1 mark 1 mark

-1286 = [4680 + 1494] – [1892 + 12w]

-1286 = 6174 – 1892 – 12w

12w = 5568
w = 464 kJ/mole 1

(c)
Energy

uncatalysed

Ea
E’a catalysed
4NH3 + 3O2
ΔH
2N2 + 6H2O

Progress of Reaction
2 exothermic profiles, 1 with a lower activation energy 1
Ea and E’a correctly labelled 1
Reactants and products written at the correct levels 1
ΔH correctly labelled 1

(d) The catalyst provides an alternative energy pathway with a lower the activation 1
energy for the reaction to occur.

More reactant particles have energy greater than or equal to the activation 1
energy. This results in a higher frequency of effective collisions.

Therefore, the rate of reaction increases. 1

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2 (a) Number of moles of acid in experiment 1 = 0.01 X 1 = 0.01

Number of moles of acid in experiment 2 = 0.02 X 0.5 = 0.01 1
Number of moles of acid in experiment 3 = 0.05 X 0.3 = 0.015

(b) CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Number of moles of calcium carbonate in experiment 1 = 1.6/100 = 0.016

Number of moles of calcium carbonate in experiment 2 = 1.1/100 = 0.011 1

(c) Using the mole ratio from the equation, hydrochloric acid is the limiting agent.

Expt 1: 0.01 × 24 000 × 0.5 = 120 cm3 of carbon dioxide

Expt 2: 0.01 × 24 000 × 0.5 = 120 cm3 of carbon dioxide 1
Expt 3: 0.015 × 24 000 × 0.5 = 180 cm3 of carbon dioxide

(d)

1 mark for each labelled graph 2

(e) Lumps of calcium carbonate have a smaller surface area of contact. 1

Thus, there is a lower frequency of collisions between reacting particles, leading

to a lower frequency of effective collisions between them. 1

Hence a lower speed of reaction. 1

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3 (a) Stopwatch, 1
Deliver tube 1
Gas syringe/measuring cylinder 1

(b)

1 mark for each curve 2

(c) Hydrochloric acid has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than ethanoic 1
acid.

This results in a higher frequency of collisions between reacting particles,

which in turn increases the frequency of effective collisions between them. 1

Hence, the rate of reaction is higher when hydrochloric acid is used. 1

(d) Increasing the temperature of the reaction mixture will increase the rate of 1
reaction.

The particles will have more kinetic energy and will move faster. 1

There are now more particles with energy that are greater than or equal to
activation energy. 1

This will increase the frequency of collisions between reacting particles which
in turn, will increase the frequency of effective collisions. 1

(e) 0.5 mol/dm3 of H2A 1

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