NPS International School

Marking Scheme
1 (a) (i) 76 cm3 1

(ii) Number of moles of hydrogen gas = 100 ÷ 24000 = 0.00417 1

Number of moles of hydrochloric acid = 0.0417 × 2 = 0.00833 1

(iii) Concentration of acid = (1000÷50) × 0.00833 = 0.167 moldm-3 1

(b) (i) The rate of reaction was fast initially. This was because of the high
concentration of the hydrochloric acid at the start. 1

After some time, the reaction slowed down, because the hydrochloric
acid became less concentrated. 1

This resulted in a lower frequency of collisions between reacting

particles, which in turn resulted in a lower frequency of effective
collisions. 1

The reaction eventually stopped after all the acid was used up. 1

(ii) Powdered magnesium carbonate has a higher surface area of contact.

This increases the frequency of collisions between reacting particles
which in turn increases the frequency of effective collisions between 1
them.

Hence a faster reaction. 1

Volume of gas evolved remained the same 1

because the number of moles of hydrochloric acid remained the same 1

(c) The carbon dioxide evolved is partially soluble in water. 1

Hence the volume of gas evolved will be slightly lower than expected. 1

(d) (i) Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) 2

(ii) A higher temperature increases the speed of reaction. 1

Particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. 1
More reacting particles will have energy greater than, or equal to the
activation energy. 1
This increases the frequency of collisions between reacting particles
which in turn increases the frequency of effective collisions between
them. 1

NPSI/ Version1.0/23-24/Chem./10IG/01 Page No:1

 NPS International School
(iii) Improvement 1 : Use a gas syringe (or burette) to measure the volume
of gas evolved, instead of a measuring cylinder. 1

Reason: A more accurate volume can be read. 1

Improvement 2 : Repeat the set of experiment and calculate the average

volume of gas evolved at every time interval. 1

Reason : A more accurate volume can be obtained. 1

2 (a) (i) The concentration of sodium chlorate(I) decreases over time. 1

(ii) To prevent a photochemical reaction / To prevent light from catalysing 1

the reaction / To prevent light from decomposing the sodium
chlorate(I)

(iii) Steeper slope, start from origin and horizontal portion happens earlier 1
Same volume of gas produced 1

(iv) Cobalt(II) oxide, as a catalyst, finds an alternative energy pathway, with

a lower activation energy. 1

This results in more particles having energy greater than or equal to the
activation energy. 1

There will be a higher frequency of effective collisions between racting

particles. 1

Speed of reaction increases. 1

(b) Biological catalyst/Substances that catalyses the chemical reactions in animals 1

and plants.

(c) (i) CAB 1

(ii) Enzymes denatured, 1

hence none of the starch was broken down (reaction stopped). 1

NPSI/ Version1.0/23-24/Chem./10IG/01 Page No:2