How to make an AND Gate using Diodes on Breadboard

You can also watch the video below for quick reference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Zvg7bT0NmE&feature=youtu.be

I am sure you must be familiar with an AND Gate, it’s Truth Table, Logic symbol, and its
working. But do you know, you can build your own And Gate on Breadboard? So in this post,
you will learn how to make an AND Gate using Diodes on Breadboard.

What is an AND Gate?

 And gate is a Logic Gate and called so because AND means “to multiply”. There are two inputs
and one output in an AND Gate. So only when both inputs are one, the output is one and zero
in all the other cases.

Truth Table:

Truth Table Of an AND Gate

Components required:
1. 1N4007 Diode X 2
2. 1k Resistor
3. LED
4. 9 Volt Battery
5. Connecting Wires

SCHEMATIC:

Circuit Diagram of AND Gate using Diodes

This is the circuit we are going to build on Breadboard.
1. P terminal of diodes is connected together.
2. Logic inputs are given to n terminal of diodes.
3. End terminals of Resistance are connected to P- terminals of the diode and +ve of 9 v battery
respectively.
4. Output indicator i.e LED is connected from P-terminal of Diode to Ground.
5. Ground- Negative terminal of the battery.

WORKING:

NOTE: When P-terminal of a Diode is at a higher potential (>.7v) then its n terminal, it acts like
a short circuit. And when n terminal is at a higher potential, Diode act as an open circuit.

**from circuit diagram

CASE 1: Input A=0, Input B= 0

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes are at a higher potential then n terminal and hence acts
like a short circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then diode to
Ground. Hence there is no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output.

CASE 2: Input A=0, Input B= 1

In this case, p-terminal of diode A is at a higher potential then n terminal and hence acts like a
short circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then diode A to Ground.
Hence there is no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output.

CASE 3: Input A=1, Input B= 0

In this case, p-terminal of the diode B is at a higher potential then n terminal and hence acts like
a short circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then diode B to
Ground. Hence there is no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output.

CASE 4: Input A=1, Input B= 1

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes are at lower potential then n terminal and hence acts like
an open circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then LED to Ground.
Hence there is some voltage across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.

** Hence we get 1(LED is on) at the output only when both the inputs are 1 as given in Truth
Table.
Simulation:

Note: Before building the circuit on a breadboard, it is first simulated on “Every circuit” app.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.everycircuit.free&hl=en
You can download the app from here.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.everycircuit.free&hl=en

** The circuit is exactly similar to what is given above.

Simulating And Gate using diodes

CASE 1: Input A=0, Input B= 0 , Output=0 (LED is OFF)

CASE 2: Input A=0, Input B= 1, Output=0 (LED is OFF)

CASE 3: Input A=1, Input B= 0, Output=0 (LED is OFF)

CASE 4: Input A=1, Input B= 1, Output=1 (LED is ON)

OUTPUT IS 0
Let’s Make it!

1. Place the two diodes as shown below. N-terminal is the silver portion, P-terminal is the Black
portion.

2. Connect two jumper wires, each at respective n-terminal of the diodes indicating input
Logic.
3. Connect two diodes P terminal together using wire as shown below:

4. Connect resistor from p terminal of Diodes to V(battery’s +ve terminal)

5. Connect Battery to the breadboard as shown.

6. Now connect LED from p-terminal to Gnd(battery’s -ve terminal) indicated by yo in the circuit
diagram.
CASE 1: Input A=0, Input B= 0 , Output=0 (LED is OFF)

output is 0

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes are at a higher potential then n terminal and hence acts
like a short circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then diode to
Ground. Hence there is no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output.

CASE 2: Input A=0, Input B= 1, Output=0 (LED is OFF)

Output is 0
In this case, p-terminal of diode A is at a higher potential then n terminal and hence acts like a
short circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then diode A to Ground.
Hence there is no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output

CASE 3: Input A=1, Input B= 0, Output=0 (LED is OFF)

Output is 0

In this case, p-terminal of the diode B is at a higher potential then n terminal and hence acts like
a short circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then diode B to
Ground. Hence there is no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output.
CASE 4: Input A=1, Input B= 1, Output=1 (LED is ON)

Output is 1

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes are at lower potential then n terminal and hence acts like
an open circuit. Thus all current flow from the battery through 1k resistor, then LED to Ground.
Hence there is some voltage across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.

** Hence we get 1(LED is on) at the output only when both the inputs are 1 as given in Truth
Table.
How to make an OR Gate using Diodes on Breadboard

You can also watch the video below for quick reference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gowWRvzchV4

I am sure you must be familiar with an OR Gate, it’s Truth Table, Logic symbol, and its working.
But do you know, you can build your own OR Gate on Breadboard? So in this post, you will
learn how to make an OR Gate using Diodes on Breadboard.

What is an OR Gate?
OR gate is a Logic Gate and called so because OR means “to add”. There are two inputs and one
output in an OR Gate. So only when both inputs are zero, the output is zero and one in all the
other cases.

Truth Table:

Components required:
1. 1N4007 Diode X 2
2. 1k Resistor
3. LED
4. 9 Volt Battery
5. Connecting Wires

SCHEMATIC:
Circuit Diagram of OR Gate using Diodes

This is the circuit we are going to build on Breadboard.

1. N terminal of diodes is connected together.
2. Logic inputs are given to P terminal of diodes.
3. End terminals of the Resistance are connected to N- terminals of the diode and LED
respectively.
4. Output indicator i.e LED is connected from Resistor to Ground.
5. Ground- Negative terminal of the battery.

WORKING:

NOTE: When P-terminal of a Diode is at a higher potential (>.7v) then its n terminal, it acts like a
short circuit. And when n terminal is at a higher potential, Diode act as an open circuit.

**from circuit diagram

CASE 1: Input A=0, Input B= 0

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes is at 0 volts w.r.t n-terminal which is <.7v and hence acts
like an open circuit. Thus no current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence there is
no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output.

CASE 2: Input A=0, Input B= 1

In this case, p-terminal of diode A is at 0 volts w.r.t n-terminal which is <.7v and hence acts like
an open circuit. But p-terminal of diode B is at a higher potential than its n-terminal which is
>.7v. Thus all current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence there is some voltage
across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.

CASE 3: Input A=1, Input B= 0

In this case, p-terminal of diode B is at 0 volts w.r.t n-terminal which is <.7v and hence acts like
an open circuit. But p-terminal of diode A is at a higher potential than its n-terminal which is
>.7v. Thus all current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence there is some voltage
across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.

CASE 4: Input A=1, Input B= 1

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes is at higher potential w.r.t n-terminal which is >.7v and
hence acts like short circuits. Thus all current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence
there is some voltage across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.
** Hence we get 0(LED is off) at the output only when both the inputs are 0 as given in Truth
Table.

Simulation:

Note: Before building the circuit on a breadboard, it is first simulated on “Every circuit” app.
You can download the app from here.

** The circuit is exactly similar to what is given above.

Simulating OR Gate using diodes

CASE 1: Input A=0, Input B= 0 , Output=0 (LED is OFF)

CASE 2: Input A=0, Input B= 1, Output=1 (LED is ON)

CASE 3: Input A=1, Input B= 0, Output=1 (LED is ON)

CASE 4: Input A=1, Input B= 1, Output=1 (LED is ON)

C. Output is 1

Let’s Make it!

1. Place the two diodes as shown below. N-terminal is the silver portion, P-terminal is the Black
portion.

(1)
2. Connect N terminal of the Diodes together using wire as shown below:

(1)

3. Connect two jumper wires, each at respective p-terminal of the diodes indicating input Logic.
(1)

4. Connect Battery to the breadboard as shown.

5. Connect the resistor from n terminal of Diodes to Ground through LED.

(1)
6. Now connect LED from resistor to Gnd(battery’s -ve terminal) .

CASE 1: Input A=0, Input B= 0 , Output=0 (LED is OFF)

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes is at 0 volts w.r.t n-terminal which is <.7v and hence acts
like an open circuit. Thus no current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence there is
no voltage across LED and it remains off i.e, 0 at the output.

CASE 2: Input A=0, Input B= 1, Output=1 (LED is ON)

In this case, p-terminal of diode A is at 0 volts w.r.t n-terminal which is <.7v and hence acts like
an open circuit. But p-terminal of diode B is at a higher potential than its n-terminal which is
>.7v. Thus all current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence there is some voltage
across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.

CASE 3: Input A=1, Input B= 0, Output=1 (LED is ON)

In this case, p-terminal of diode B is at 0 volts w.r.t n-terminal which is <.7v and hence acts like
an open circuit. But p-terminal of diode A is at a higher potential than its n-terminal which is
>.7v. Thus all current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence there is some voltage
across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.

CASE 4: Input A=1, Input B= 1, Output=1 (LED is ON)

In this case, p-terminal of both diodes is at higher potential w.r.t n-terminal which is >.7v and
hence acts like short circuits. Thus all current flow from 1k resistor, then LED to Ground. Hence
there is some voltage across LED and it turns on i.e, 1 at the output.

** Hence we get 0(LED is off) at the output only when both the inputs are 0 as given in Truth
Table.