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LOIOFOB
@AUCG ^CLHDLHDGK=
@DUSUSG AFCB=
3. Lubollo` ruppy
r uppy 8>.8>>.>>>0
U? DFLS IC^CXO[OPOG
8>8>/8>8?
IOPO ^CGKOGPOX
Uckofo pumd hokd Offob U[P yogk tcfob lclhcrdiog iold iclu`obog, iorcgo otos
icbcg`oigyo iold `opot lcgycfcsodiog loiofob `cgkog mu`uf ‖ Xcsdia `og Bozor` `ofol
pcgkiomdog osubog icpcrowotog “.Loiofob dgd `dhuot schokod sofob
s ofob sotu tukos loto iufdob I5
`ofol fcpcrowotog.
^cgufds lcgkueopiog syuiur icpo`o Offob U[P otos fdlpobog gdilot scbotgyo, hodi
dtu hcrupo
hcrupo scbot
scbot jdsdi
jdsdi loupug
loupug pdi
pdidrog
drog,, scbdgk
scbdgkko
ko pcgufd
pcgufdss lolpu
lolpu ugt
ugtui
ui lcg
lcgycf
ycfcsod
csodiog
iog
pclhuotog loiofob schokod tukos pralasd icscbotog `og ^cg`d`diog
^cg`d`diog icscbotog.
^cgufds
^cgufds lcgyc`ord
lcgyc`ord loiofob dgd losdb moub `ord
`ord ioto sclpurgo
sclpurgo `og losdb hogy
hogyoi
oi
tcr`opot icscfobog scrto iciurogkog `d `ofolyo. Sgtui dtu, pcgufds lcgkboropiog irdtdi `og
sorog `ord pclhoeo ugtui loiofob dgd supoyo loiofob dgd gogtdgyo `opot lcgmo`d loiofob
yogk fchdb hodi fokd.
Oibdr ioto, iold hcrborop loiofob dgd hcrlogjoot hokd idto scluo.
HOH ?
^CG@OBSFSOG
Icscfolotog `og icscbotog icrmo lcrupoiog dstdfob yogk sogkot papufcr. Hobiog `d
`ofol
`ofol `ug
`ugdo
do dg`ust
dg`ustrd
rd dstdfob
dstdfob tcrsch
tcrschut
ut fchdb
fchdb `dicgo
`dicgoff `cg
`cgkog
kog sdg
sdgkio
kiotog
tog I5 yog
yogk
k ortd
ortdgyo
gyo
icscfo
ics cfoloto
lotog,
g, `og icscbo
icscbotog
tog icr
icrmo.
mo. Lcg
Lcguru
urutt Ldf
Ldfyog
yog`ro
`ro (8>
(8>>4)
>4) Dstd
Dstdfob
fob ‒ic
‒icscfo
scfolot
lotog
og `og
icscbotog
lcgkog`ugk icrmo—, `opot `dpog`ogk
ortd schokod lclpugyod
suotu pcg`ciotog `uo sdsd dfldob
pcg`ciotog pcgkcrtdog. ^cgkcrtdog
(sedcgtdjde yogk`og
oppraoeb) pcrtolo
`dsdsd
fodg lclpugyod pcgkcrtdog schokod suotu tcropog otou suotu prakrol yogk lclpugyod tumuog
tcrtcgtu.
tcrtcgtu. Iorcgo dtu icscfolotog `og icscb
icscbotog
otog icrmo `opot `dkaf
`dkafagki
agkiogog schokod
schokod suotu dflu
tcropog (oppfdc` sedcgec). Icscfolotog `og Icscbotog Icrmo schokod suotu prakrol `d`osord
pcg`ciotog dfldob `ofol upoyo lcgeckob ootou tou lclpcricedf tcrmo`dgyo hoboyo (bozor`) `og
rdsdia (rdsi) tcrmo`
tcrmo`dgyo
dgyo pcgyoidt `og icecfo
icecfoioog,
ioog, loupug icruk
icrukdog-ic
dog-icrukdog
rukdog fodgyo yogk
lugkidg tcrmo`d. Mo`d `opot `diotoiog hobwo Icscfolotog `og Icscbotog Icrmo o`ofob suotu
pcg`ciotog dfldob `og proitds `ofol lcgkotosd patcgsd hoboyo `og rdsdia icscbotog `og
icscfolotog yogk lugkidg tcrmo`d.( Xdmogta, 8>?> ).
Pcrmo`
Pcrmo`dg
dgyo
yo icec
icecfo
foio
ioog
og icrm
icrmoo tc
tcgt
gtu
u somo
somo lclcgm
gmo`
o`di
diog
og lo
loso
sofo
fob
b yogk
yogk hcso
hcsorr hokd
hokd
icfogksugkog suotu usobo. Icrukdog yogk `d`crdto td`oi bogyo hcrupo icrukdog lotcrd yogk
eu
euiu
iupp hc
mulfogyo. hcso
sor
r golu
golug
Icbdfogkogg fch
fchdb
db `o
sulhcr `ord
rd dt
`oyodtu
ulogusdo
o`
o`ofo
ofob
b dgd
td
tdlh
lhuf
ufgy
gyoo iarh
lcrupoiogiarhogog md
mdwo
wo yo
icrukdog yogk
gk td
yogk td`o
`oi
i sc`d
sogkot schcsor
`did
idtt
iorcgo logusdo o`ofob sotu-sotugyo sulhcr `oyo yogk td`oi `opot `dkogtdiog afcb tcigafakd
opopug. Uctdop tobug `d `ugdo tcrmo`d 8;> muto icecfoioog icrmo, ?:> muto pcicrmo lcg`crdto
pcgyoidt oidhot icrmo, iclotdog 8.8 muto `og icrukdog jdgogsdof schcsor ?.83 trdfdug SU@.
Uc`ogkiog `d Dg`agcsdo lcgurut `oto ^P. Molsastci (^crscra) `ofol pcrda`c 8>>8-8>>3
tcrmo`dd fchdb `ord 5>> rdhu icecfoi
tcrmo` icecfoioog
oog icrmo, 3>>> iclotd
iclotdog,
og, 3>> eoeot tctop `og iagpcg
iagpcgsosd
sosd
fchdb `ord Xp. 33> ldfyor. Iagpcgsosd dgd o`ofob schokdog `ord icrukdog fogksugk `og ;.3 muto
pcicrmo scitar jarlof yogk oitdj schokod pcscrto Molsastci. @dpcridroiog icrukdog td`oi
fo
fogk
gksu
sugk
gk `o
`ord
rd scf
scfur
urub
ub scit
scitar
ar jarl
jarlofof fchdb
fchdb `o
`ord
rd Xp.
Xp. 8 trdfd
trdfdug
ug,, `d
`dlo
logo
go sch
schok
okdo
dog
g hchcsor
sor
lcrupoiog icrukdog `ugdo usobo.(@I5G,8>>;).
0. Bozor` `og Xcsdia yogk hdso tcrmo`d soot prascs pcgkiomdog osubog icpcrowotog1
0. Sgtui lcgkctobud rcsdia `og bozor` yogk hdso tcrmo`d soot prascs pcgkiomdog osubog
icpcrowotog
HOH DD
^CLHOBOUOG
?. @cjd
@cjdgd
gdsd
sd Xcsd
Xcsdia
ia
Xdsdia o`ofob kohugkog `ord iclugkidgog otou jrciucgsd `og oidhot otou iagsciucgsd
`ord
`ord tcr
tcrmo
mo`d
`dgy
gyoo ho
hobo
boyo
yo tc
tcrsc
rschu
hutt pc
pcgd
gdfo
fodog
dog rd
rdsd
sdia
ia o`
o`of
ofob
ob pc
pcgd
gdfo
fodo
dog
g lcgy
lcgycf cfur
urub
ub ug
ugtu
tui
i
lcgkd`cgtdjdiosd hoboyo `og lcgcgtuiog opoiob rdsdia `opot `dtcrdlo. Logomclcg rdsdia
o`ofob pcgkcfafoog
pcgkcfafoog rdsdia yogk lcgeo
lcgeoiup
iup d`cgt
d`cgtdjdiosd
djdiosd pcgdfodog `og pcgk
pcgkcg`ofd
cg`ofdog
og rdsdia
rdsdia..
Logomclcg rdsdia tcr`drd `ord tdko fogkiob pcfoisogoog yodtu d`cgtdjdiosd hoboyo, pcgdfodog
rdsdia, `og pcgkcg`ofdog rdsdia (Xolfd ,8>?>).
Xdsdia o`ofob hcsorgyo icrukdog otou iclugkidgog tcrmo`d iarhog logusdo, icrusoiog
`og icrukdog ciagald yogk `dschohiog afcb hoboyo tcrtcgtu `d suotu `ocrob po`o suotu
woitu tcrtcgtu.
8. @cjd
@cjdgd
gdsd
sd Bozo
Bozor`
r`
Bozor` o`ofob =
?. Uuotu iag`dsd sceoro ofoldob loupug iorcgo ufob logusdo yogk hcrpatcgsd lcgdlhufiog
icrusoiog otou icrukdog `og icbdfogkog mdwo logusdo (HG^H, 8>>2)
8. Hob
Hoboyo
oyo hcr
hcrpat
patcgs
cgsdd lcg
lcgdlh
dlhufi
ufiog
og hcgeog
hcgeogoo tct
tctopd
opd td`
td`oi
oi scluo
scluo hoboyo
hoboyo scfo
scfofu
fu lcgmo`
lcgmo`dd
hcgeogo.
5. Uulhcr hoboyo suotu pcrdstdwo yogk bchot otou iclugkidgog lcgdlhufiog icrukdog otou
5. Joitar
Joitar Xcsdi
Xcsdia
a `og
`og Bo
Bozor`
zor` @d P
Pclpo
clpott Ic
Icrmo
rmo
Hodi
Hodi ‖boz
‖bozor
or`“
`“ lo
loup
upug
ug ‖rcs
‖rcsdi
dia“
a“ td
td`o
`oi
i scfo
scfolo
logy
gyoo lc
lcgm
gmo`
o`dd hobo
hoboyo
yo,, osof
osofio
iog
g upoy
upoyoo
pcgkcg`ofdoggyo `dfoisogoiog `cgkog hodi.@dtclpot icrmo, icscbotog `og idgcrmo scscarogk
pcicrmo sogkot `dpcgkorubd afcb (cjjcg`d, Jcrry. 8>>4=
8>>4= 855)=
8. Iop
Ioposdt
osdtos
os Icr
Icrmo
mo yog
yogk
k hogyoi
hogyoi tcrkog
tcrkogtug
tugk
k po`o
po`o pcg
pcg`d`
`d`dio
diog,
g, ict
ictcrol
crolpdfo
pdfog,
g, icsc
icsckor
korog
og
moslogd, uiurog tuhub, ico`oog kdzd
kdzd `og schokodgyo.
5. Fdgkiugkog
Fdgkiugkog Icrmo schokod
schokod hchog tolhobog,
tolhobog, hodi hcrupo joitar jdsdi, idldo, hdafakdi,
hdafakdi,
crkagaldi, loupug ospci psdiasasdof.
0. Bozor
Bozor`
` `og
`og ^cgk
^cgkcg
cg`of
`ofdog
dogggy
ggyo
o
Bozor`
Bozor` o`ofob
o`ofob scsuotu
scsuotu yog
yogk
k lcgdlh
lcgdlhufi
ufiog
og icrukd
icrukdog,
og, icrukd
icrukdog
og dgd lcfdpu
lcfdputd
td po`o
po`o
kogkkuog icscbotog `og ed`cro, bdfogkgyo woitu icrmo, icrusoiog po`o prapcrty, orco otou
tclpot icrmo, pra`ui otou fdgkiugkog, icrukdog po`o prascs pra`uisd otoupug icrusoiog ―
icrusoiog fodggyo. Jdrcgec (?4;2) lcg`cjdgdsdiog b
bozor`
ozor` schokod suotu lotcrdof otou iag
iag`dsd
`dsd
yogk hcrpatcgsd `dtclpot icrmo `dlogo `cgkog otou togpo dgtcroisd `cgkog vordohcf fodg `opot
lcgychohiog iclotdog, ec`cro, otou icrukdog fodg.
Ialpagcg Hoboyo =
?. Ioroitcrdstdi lotcrdof.
8. Hcgtui lotcrdof.
Bozo
Bozor`
r` ot
otou
ou hobo
hoboyo
yo `o
`opo
pott `d
`dbd
bdg`
g`or
ordd ot
otou
oupu
pug
g `o
`olp
lpoi
oi `ord
`ord bo
bozo
zor`
r` tcr
tcrsch
schut
ut `opo
`opott
`dldgdlofiog. Lcgurut ^CXLCGOICX
^CXLCGOICX Ga. >3/LCG/?44:, p
pcgkcg`ofdog
cgkcg`ofdog rdsdia icecfoioog
`og pcgyoidt oidhot icrmo `dfoiuiog `cgkog hcrhokod loeol lcta`c, yodtu =
?. ^cgkcg`ofdog tcigds otou rcioyoso yogk lcfdputd cfdldgosd, suhtdtusd, dsafosd, vcgtdfosd,
bdkdcgc, `og sogdtosd (cgkdgccrdgk eagtraf).
5. ^clhogkugog icso`orog `og latdvosd yogk lcfdputd sdstcl hagus, dgscgtdj, pcgkborkoog,
`og latdvosd `drd.
3. ^cgckoiog buiul.
3. Xdsdia
Xcs
csdi
dia
a lcru
crupoi
oiog
og ko
kol
lhoro
horog
g iu
iuog
ogtd
tdto
totd
tdjj `o
`ord
rd iclu
clugk
gki
idg
dgog
og icru
icrukd
kdog
og yogk
ogk
lclpcrtdlh
lclpcrtdlhogkio
ogkiog
g iclu
iclugkid
gkidgog
gog suotu bozor` yogk oiog lcgko
lcgkoidhot
idhotiog
iog suotu pcrdstdwo
pcrdstdwo
tcrschut (@AC, SUO, ?44:). Lcgurut Iaffuru (?44:) o`o 3 loeol tdpc rdsdia, yodtu =
? Xdsdia Icscfolotog
Xdsdia icscfolotog lcldfdid prahohdfdtos rcg`ob, tdgkiot poporog `og iagsciucgsd tdgkkd,
hcrsdjot oiut, `og mdio tcrmo`d iagtoi oiog fogksugk tcrfdbot cjcigyo. ^cgychoh rdsdia
icscfo
icscfoloto
lotog
g fchdb
fchdb `op
`opot
ot `dicto
`dictobud
bud scrto
scrto fch
fchdb
db hcrjai
hcrjaius
us po`
po`oo ics
icscfol
cfolotog
otog logusd
logusdoo `og
pcgeckobog icecfoioog `d tclpot icrmo.
8. Xdsdia Icscbotog
Xdsdia icscbotog lcldfdid prahohdfdtos tdgkkd, tdgkiot poporog `og iagsciucgsd rcg`ob, `og
hcrsdjot iragds. ^cgychoh rdsdia
r dsdia icscbotog sufdt `dictobud scrto fchdb hcrjaius po`o icscbotog
logusdo.
Xdsdi
Xdsdia
a fdgk
fdgkiu
iugk
gkog
og `og
`og ci
ciaf
afak
akdd lc
lcfd
fdho
hoti
tiog
og dg
dgtc
tcroi
roisd
sd yo
yogk
gk hc
hcrok
rokol
ol og
ogtor
toroo pa
papu
pufo
fosd,
sd,
ialugdtos. Jaius rdsdia fdgkiugkog `og ciafakd fchdb icpo`o `olpoi yogk `dtdlhufiog
tcrbo`op bohdtot `og ciasdstcl yogk moub `ord sulhcr rdsdia.
0. Xdsdia Jdgogsdof
Xdsdia jdgogsdof lcldfdid rdsdia mogkio pogmogk `og mogkio pcg`ci `ord icrukdog prapcrtd
tcriodt `cgkog pcrbdtugkog osurogsd `og pcgkclhofdog osurogsd. Jaius rdsdia jdgogsdof fchdb
icpo`o iclu`obog pcgkapcrosdog `og ospci icuogkog.
Xdsdia tcr
Xdsdia tcrbo`
bo`op
op losyor
losyoroio
oiott lclpcr
lclpcrbot
botdio
diog
g pog`og
pog`ogkog
kog losyor
losyoroio
oiott tcr
tcrbo`
bo`op
op idgcrm
idgcrmoo
arkogdsosd `og pra`uisd, scluo bof po`o rdsdia tcrbo`op losyoroiot tcrjaius po`o pcgdfodog
`og pcrscpsd losyoroiot.
:. Logo
Logomc
mclc
lcg
g Xdsd
Xdsdia
ia
Lcgurut OU/G]U 05:> = 8>>0 logomclcg rdsdia o`ofob suotu iulpufog `ord hcrhokod
tobopog ickdotog yogk hcrtumuog ugtui lcgkcfafo rdsdia ― rdsdia icscfolotog `og icscbotog
`ofol suotu oitdvdtos ickdotog.
;. Pobopog
Pobopog prascs
prascs lo
logomc
gomclcg
lcg rds
rdsdia
dia (OU
(OU/G]U
/G]U 05
05:>
:> = 8>>0),
8>>0), yo
yodtu
dtu =
Lcgctopiog tumuog, ichdmoiog, strotckd pcgcropog, lcta`c otou eoro pcfoisogoog logomclcg
rdsdia, scrto pcgeopodog yogk `dtorkctiog afcb pcrusoboog.
8. D`cgtdjdiosd rdsdia
Lcfoiuiog d`cgtdjdiosd tcrbo`op rdsdia yogk oiog `dicfafo, lcgeord tobu mcgds bozor` opo somo
yogk lugkidg lcgdlhufiog rdsdia, hokodlogo `og lcgkopo rdsdia tcrschut
tcr schut lugeuf.
5. Ogofdsds rdsdia
Lcfoiuiog cstdlosd rdsdia `cgkog lcgkialhdgosdiog joitar prahohdfdtos otou fdicfdbaa` `og
iagsciucgsd, `cgkog lclpcrtdlhogkiog upoyo pcgkcg`ofdog rdsdia yogk tcfob `dfoiuiog.
0. Cvofuosd rdsdia
Lclhog`dgkiog tdgkiot rdsdia yogk `d`opot `ofol prascs ogofdsds rdsdia `cgkog irdtcrdo
cvofuosd yogk `dkugoiog, lcgcgtuiog opoiob suotu rdsdia `opot `dtcrdlo otou td`oi.
3. ^cgkcg`ofdog rdsdia
Lcfoiuiog pcgogkogog otou pcgkcg`ofdog tcrbo`op rdsdia, tcrutolo rdsdia `cgkog tdgkiot
tdgkkd `cgkog lclpcrtdlhogkiog ospci cjcitdjdtos `og cjdsdcgsd
Lcfoiuiog pclogtouog `og pcgkiomdog utolo tcrbo`op tdgkiot rdsdia, scrto cjcitdjdtos
prakrol, pcgogkogog rdsdia yogk tcfob `dfoiuiog okor scfogmutgyo `opot `dtcgtuiog tdg`oiog
iarcisd `og pcrhodiog yogk pcrfu `dfoiuiog.
Lcfoiuiog ialugdiosd `uo orob ogtoro pdboi logomclcg `og pcicrmo ugtui lcg`opotiog
losuiog lcgkcgod dlpfclcgtosd pcgkcfafoog rdsdia `d tclpot icrmo kugo pcrhodiog systcl
pcgkcfafoog rdsdia tcrschut.
2. ^cgcropo
^cgcropog
g Icpcr
Icpcrowot
owotog
og Icsc
Icscboto
botog
g Icrmo
Icrmo
Uceoro ulul, tumuog icpcrowotog icscbotog icrmo o`ofob lcgedptoiog tcgoko icrmo yogk
scbot `og pra`uitdj. Pumuog bypcrics `opot `dpcrdged schokod hcrdiut (Xoeblog. ?44>)=
?. Okor tcgoko icrmo `og sctdop arogk yogk hcro`o `d tclpot icrmo scfofu `ofol ico`oog scbot
`og scfolot
8. Okor sulhcr-sulhcr pra`uisd `opot hcrmofog sceoro fogeor togpo o`ogyo bolhotog.
4. Jugksd
Jugksd @og Pukos
Pukos ^
^cro
crowot
wot @of
@ofol
ol I5
I5
Jugksd `og tukos pcrowot `ofol usobo icscfolotog `og icscbotog icrmo (I5) o`ofob
schokod hcrdiut (Cjjcg`y, Gosruf. ?442)=
?. Jugksd pcrowot
8. Pukos pcrowot
b. Lclhcrdiog pcg
pcg`d`diog
`d`diog ic
icscbotog
scbotog lcgkcgod IH tcrbo`op pcicrmo `og icfuorkogyo
@ofol lcfoiuiog prascs pcgkiomdog `og pcrcgeogoog po`o posdcg, pcrowot borus
lclpcrbotdiog bozor` `og rcsdia yogk iclugkidgog tcrmo`d, scpcrtd =
5. ^osdcg `og icfuorko oeub toi oeub `cgkog pcrtogyoog yogk `domuiog pcrowot.
0. Xcsdia tcrtufor pcgyoidt `cgkog iagtoi jdsdi loupug u`oro soot pclcrdisoog jdsdi.
HOH DDD
^CGSPS^
Udlpufog
Icscfolot
Icscfolotog
og `og Icscbo
Icscbotog
tog Icr
Icrmo
mo lcr
lcrupo
upoiog
iog suotu
suotu pra
prakro
krol
l `d`
`d`osor
osordd pcg`ci
pcg`ciotog
otog
dfldob `ofol upoyo lcgeckob otou lclpcricedf tcrmo`dgyo hoboyo (bozor`) `og rdsdia (rdsi)
tcrmo`
tcrmo`dgy
dgyoo pcg
pcgyoi
yoidt
dt `og icecfoi
icecfoioog
oog,, lou
loupugpug icr
icrukd
ukdog-
og-icr
icrukd
ukdog
og fod
fodgyo
gyo yogk
yogk lugkid
lugkidg g
tcrmo`
tcrmo`d.
d. Boz
Bozor`
or` o`ofob
o`ofob scs
scsuot
uotu
u yog
yogkk lcg
lcgdlh
dlhufi
ufiog
og icr
icrukd
ukdog,
og, icrukd
icrukdog
og dgd lcfdpu
lcfdputdtd po`o
po`o
kogkkuog icscbotog `og ed`cro, bdfogkgyo woitu icrmo, icrusoiog po`o prapcrty, orco otou
tclpot icrmo, pra`ui otou fdgkiugkog, icrukdog po`o prascs pra`uisd otoupug icrusoiog ―
icruso
icr usoiog
iog fod
fodggy
ggyo.
o. Hcr
Hcr`os
`osori
oriog
og ioroit
ioroitcrds
crdstdi
tdi `olpoi
`olpoi yogk
yogk `doidh
`doidhotio
otiogg afc
afcb
b suo
suotu
tu mcg
mcgds
ds
hoboyo loio mcgds hoboyo `opot `dicfalpaiog lcgmo`d 8 yodtu hoboyo icscbotog icrmo `og
hoboyo icscfolotog icrmo
Uc`ogkiog
Uc`ogkiog Xcsdia o`ofob uiurog iclugkidgog
iclugkidgog icrukdog
icrukdog yogk tdlhuf `ord sulh
sulhcr
cr
hoboyo (bozor`) tcrtcgtu yogk tcrmo`d. Lcgurut Iaffuru (?44:) o`o 3 loeol tdpc rdsdia,
yodtu = rdsdia icscfolotog, rdsdia icscbotog,
icscbotog, rdsdia fdgkiugkog
fdgkiugkog `og ciafakd,
ciafakd, rdsdia jdgogsdof,
jdgogsdof,
`ogrdsdia tcrbo`op losyoroiot.
Uorog
@OJPOX ^SUPOIO
bttps=//www.oeo`cldo.c`u/0>:?8?35/BO]OX@Q@OGQXCU
bttps=//www.oeo`cldo.c`u/0>:?8?35/BO]OX@Q@OGQXCUDIAQ@OFOLQ^CGKIO
DIAQ@OFOLQ^CGKIOMDOG
MDOG
IOPO ^CGKOGPOX