]SHOZ

LOBOKOD GKODVOHO OCVGFIB

MI ZSZSE GKCD

ESVXODIMO

O?A6?40:0

NSVSZOE IKLS BCGKODVOHOOE

AOBSK]OZ BCHSVSOE MOE IKLS PCEMIMIBOE

SEIQCVZI]OZ DOKS GKCG

BCEMOVI

6060

i
 BO]O PCEHOE]OV 

  Puni syubur soyo ujopboe otos bcdomirot Okkod ZX], borceo otos fcrbod moe
rodloteyo scrto borueioeyo soyo mopot lceyckcsoiboe lobokod loto bukiod Ocrgfib yoeh
fcrnumuk
‛Gkodroho Ocrgfib ‛.

  Mcehoe sckcsoieyo lobokod iei, soyo lcehujopboe tcrilo bosid foeyob bcpomo
Fopob sckobu Mgsce loto bukiod Ocrgfib. Zclgho lobokod iei mopot lclfcriboe loeaoot
fohi
 pclfojo moe tcrutolo bcpomo soyo scemiri.
 MOA]OV IZI

BO]O PCEHOE]OV ...................................................................................................................... i

MOA]OV IZI ...................................................................................................................................... ii

FOF I PCEMODSKSOE

?.? Kotor Fckoboeh ................................................................................................................... ?

?.6 Vulusoe Losokod ............................................................................................................... 6
?.: ]unuoe ................................................................................................................................... 6

FOF II PCLFODOZOE

6.? Pcemopot Poro Odki Lcehceoi Obtivitos Gkodroho Ocrgfib………………………....:

6.6 Mcaieisi Gkodroho Ocrgfib Lceurut Poro Odki.............................................................=

6.: Loeaoot Gkodroho Ocrgfib Lceurut Poro Odki..........................................................=

6.= Gkodroho Ocrgfib uetub Bcscdotoe Lceurut Pobor..................................................8
6.3 Zistcl Cecrhi Gkodroho Ocrgfib, Gkodroho Oeocrgfib moe Jolpuroe ......................4

FOF III PCES]SP

  :.? Bcsilpukoe ......................................................................................................................... ?0

  :.6 Zoroe.................................................................................................................. ?0

MOA]OV PSZ]OBO ....................................................................................................................... ??

ii
 FOF I

PCEMODSKSOE

?.? Kotor Fckoboeh

Gkodroho tckod kolo mibceok scfohoi sokod sotu lctgmc pokieh cacbtia uetub
lcenoho bcscdotoe otou lclpcrfoibi bcscdotoe. Gkodroho itu scemiri lclikibi fcfcropo
nceis, scfohoi jgetgd, gkoroho kglfo moe gkodroho bcscdotoe. Gkodroho bcscdotoe
scemiri lclikibi orti gkodroho yoeh fcrtunuoe lclpcrfoibi bcscdotoe otou
lclpcrtodoeboe bcscdotoe nosloei yoeh sumod omo. Lceurut XDG (Xgrkm Dcoktd
Grhoeizotige), mcaieisi scdot omokod bcomooe sclpureo (scnodtcro) foib nosloei, rgdoei
loupue sgjiok, fuboe doeyo fcfos mori jojot,
 pceyobit otoupue bckclodoe. Zokod sotu joro lcenoho bcscdotoe iokod mcehoe
fcrgkodroho scjoro tcrotur. Gkodroho omokod suotu fcetub obtivitos aisib yoeh tcrcejoeo
moe tcrstrubtur yoeh lckifotboe hcroboe tufud fcrukoeh-ukoeh moe mituenuboe uetub
lceiehbotboe

bcfuhoroe nosloei. Lcenoho moe lceiehbotboe bcfuhoroe aisib mopot

lceurueboe rcsibgscscgreh mori scroehoe pceyobit noetueh, lceurueboe fcrot fomoe,
lcehcemokiboe
bomor bgkcstrgk, lceurueboe tcboeoe morod moe lcenoudboeeyo mori fcrfohoi
hoehhuoe bcscdotoe otou pceyobit koieeyo. Gkodroho tcrotur oboe lcenoho tufud oemo
mokol bcomooe scdot, moe mcehoe tufud yoeh scdot oemo mopot lcehdiemori fcrfohoi
pceyobit mcehoe kcfid
 foib. Gkodroho timob pcrku lodok-lodok, fodboe obtivitos aisib scdori-dori
yoeh lcehckuorboe foeyob bokgri, lisokeyo nokoe bobi, eoib turue toehho rulod, jubup fohi
koesio uetub lcenoho bcfuhoroeeyo. Zckoie gkodroho, pgko diup nuho mopot
lclpcehorudi bcscdotoe. Gkodroho omokod suotu fcetub obtivitos aisib yoeh tcrcejoeo
moe tcrstrubtur yoeh lckifotboe hcroboe tufud fcrukoeh-ukoeh moe mitunuboe uetub
lceiehbotboe bcfuhoroe
 nosloei. Gkodroho mifohi lcenomi 6 lojol, yoitu gkodroho ocrgfij moe gkodroho oeocrgfij.
Gkodroho ocrgfij omokod gkodroho yoeh mikobuboe scjoro tcrus-lcecrus miloeo bcfutudoe
gbsihce losid mopot mipceudi tufud. Zcfohoi jgetgd gkodroho ocrgfij omokod hcrob nokoe
jcpot, nghhieh, kori, sceol, rceoeh, moe fcrscpcmo. Zcmoehboe gkodroho oeocrgfij omokod

?
gkodroho miloeo bcfutudoe gbsihce timob mopot mipceudi sckurudeyo gkcd tufud.Zcfohoi
jgetgd oehbot fcsi, kori spriet ?00 l, tceis kopoehoe, moe fuku toehbis. Gkodroho mopot
lceiehbotboe bcrno fohi siopopue yoeh lclikibi eyo scdiehho mopot lckobsoeoboe bcrno-

bcrno scjoro gptilok uetub lcemopotboe dosik yoeh kcfid foib. Pomo mosoreyo ocrgfij omokod

?
  fcetub gkodroho mcehoe tunuoe lceiehbotboe bcfuhoroe scscgroeh yoeh lcejobup
bcbuotoe gtgt, akcbsifikitos moe bcscdotoe bormig-vosbukor. Ocrgfib omokod gkodroho yoeh
fcrtunuoe uetub lceiehbotboe mceyut noetueh uetub noehbo wobtu tcrtcetu. Mcehoe fchitu
tufud oboe lclikibi osupoe gbsihce yoeh kcfid tiehhi yoeh foib uetub sirbukosi morod,
pceurueoe fcrot
 fomoe, pclfoboroe bokgri moe kclob yoeh kcfid jcpot.
?.6 Vulusoe Losokod
?.6.? Opo pcemopot poro odki lcehceoi obtivitos gkodroho ocrgfib 
?.6.6 Opo sono mcaieisi gkodroho ocrgfij lceurut poro odki
?.6.: Fohoiloeo loeaoot gkodroho ocrgfij lceurut poro odki
?.6.= Fohoiloeo gkodroho ocrgfij uetub bcscdotoe lceurut pobor 
?.6.3 Fohoiloeo systcl cecrhy gkodroho ocrgfij, gkodroho oeocrgfij moe jolpuroe
?.: ]unuoe
?.:.? Setub lcehctodui pcemopot poro odki lcehceoi obtivitos gkodroho ocrgfib 

?.:.6 Setub lcehctodui mcaieisi gkodroho ocrgfij lceurut poro odki

?.:.: Setub lcehctodui loeaoot gkodroho ocrgfij lceurut poro odki
?.:.= Setub lcehctodui gkodroho ocrgfij uetub bcscdotoe lceurut pobor 
?.:.3 Setub lcehctodui systcl cecrhy gkodroho ocrgfij, gkodroho oeocrgfij, moe jolpuroe

6
 FOF II

PCLFODOZOE

6.? Pcemopot Poro Odki Lcehceoi  Obtiaitos Gkodroho Ocrgfib 

6.?.? Lceurut (Gkivio, 600:)

Obtivitos gkodroho ocrgfij lcrupoboe obtivitos gkodroho yoeh mokol bchiotoeeyo
lclcrkuboe gbsihce, scmoehboe obtivitos gkodroho oeocrgfij
lclcrkuboe obtivitos aisib yoeh mokol bchiotoeeyo timob lclcrkuboe gbsihce
6.?.6 Lceurut (Purfo, 600:)
Obtivitos gkodroho ocrgfij lcrupoboe nceis gkodroho yoeh mopot lceiehbotboe
bcscdotoe noetueh moe poru. Obtivitos gkodroho ocrgfgb mopot lclfcriboe
dosik yoeh lobsilok nibo mikobuboe scjoro rutie moe cacbtia scdiehho lcejopoi
tunuoe timob lceilfukboe jcmcro.
6.?.: Lceurut (Bristioei ct ok., 6006)
Obtivitos aisib gkodroho omokod sctiop pcrhcroboe tufud obifot obtivitos otgt-
gtgt sbckct yoeh lcehobifotboe pcehckuoroe cecrhy. Zctiop groeh lckobuboe
obtivitos aisib oetoro iemivimu sotu mcehoe yoeh koie tcrhoetueh hoyo dimup
pcrgroehoe moe aojtgr koieeyo. Obtivitos aisib mori obtivitos sckolo fcbcrno, timur,
moe pomo wobtu scehhoeh. Kotidoe aisib yoeh tcrcejoeo, tcrstrubtur, mikobuboe
fcrukoeh-ukoeh tcrlosub gkodroho aisib lcrupoboe fohioe mori obtivitos aisib.
Obtivitos aisib scmoeh yoeh mikobuboe scjoro tcrus lcecrus mopot lcejchod
rcsibg tcrnomieyo

 pceyobit timob lceukor scpcrti pceyobit pclfukud morod, miofctcs, boebcr

moe koieeyo.
6.?.= Lceurut (Irioetg, 6009)
Zokod sotu obtivitos ocrgfij yoeh pokieh mihclori losyorobot omokod
nghhieh. Kotidoe nghhieh lcrupoboe sokod sotu kotidoe yoeh lumod, lurod,
moe mopot mikobuboe gkcd siopopue. Kotidoe nghhieh mikobuboe mcehoe joro
kori-kori bcjik otou kori pckoe. Hcroboe otoupue tcbeib mokol lckobuboe kotidoe
nghhieh mopot mibotoboe scmcrdoeo oboe tctopi fcrloeaoot fohi bgemisi aisib
moe pclckidorooe bcfuhoroe moe bcscdotoe soehot kuor fioso. Fcrmosorboe

:
systcl pceycmiooe cecrhy, nghhieh mopot mibotchgriboe bc mokol nceis gkodroho
ocrgfij.

:
6.6 Mcaieisi Gkodroho Ocrgfib Lceurut Poro Odki

6.6.? Lceurut (Zdcrwggm, 600?)

Gkodroho ocrgfij omokod suotu fcetub obtivitos aisib yoehlckifotboe gtgt-gtgt
 fcsor moe mikobuboe mokol ietcesitos yoeh jubup rcemod scrto mokol wobtu yoeh

jubup kolo.
6.6.6 Lceurut Mgrkoem’s Lcmijok Mijtigeory (6008)
Gkodroho ocrgfij omokod obtivitos aisib yoeh miroejoeh uetub lceiehbotboe
bgesulsi gbsihce moe lceiehbotboe auehsi systcl rcspirosi moe systcl
bormigvosbukor.
6.6.: Lceurut (Zdcrwggm, 600?2 JMJ, 60??2 Jkcvckoem Jkieij, 60??)
Gkodroho ocrgfij otou yoeh fioso miscfut kotidoe bormigvosbukor lceiehbotboe
auehsi bcrno poru, noetueh moe lckoejorboe sirbukosi morod, scdiehho
tufud lcemopotboe moe lcehhueoboe gbsihce kcfid foib uetub lctofgkisl sck.
6.6.= Lceurut (Horrisge & Zusoetg, 60?0)
Ocrgfib omokod gkodroho yoeh mikobuboe scjoro tcrus-lcecrus miloeo bcfutudoe
gbsihce losid mopot mipceudi mcehoe bcjcpotoe mokol lceclpud wobtu. Muo
jiri mori kotidoe ocrgfij omokod ?)gkodroho tcrscfut jubup lcehobifotboe tufud
 fcrauehsi uetub noehbo wobtu scmibiteyo 60 solpoi :0 lceit sctiop gkodroho,
6) gkodroho tcrscfut oboe lclfcriboe bchiotoe yoeh jubuplceorib diehho
iehie lcehukoehieyo bclfoki hcroboe yoeh sumod mikobuboe tomi.

6.: Loeaoot Gkodroho Ocrgfib Lceurut Poro Odki

6.:.? Lceurut Jcetrc agr Miscoscs Jgetrgk oem Prcvcetige (JMJ) pomo todue
60??, tcrmopot ceol loeaoot gkodroho, yoitu>
?. Lcehgetrgk fcrot fomoe
6. Lceurueboe tcboeoe morod
:. Lceurueboe rcsibg tcrbceo pceyobit miofctcs tipc 6,scroehoe noetueh,
strgb, moe fcfcropo fcetub boebcr 
=. Lceurueboe eycri ortdritis moe jojot obifot ortdritis.
3. Lceurueboe rcsibg tcrbceo gstcgpgrgsis.
1. Lceurueboe hcnoko mcprcsi moe bcjclosoe

=
6.:.6 Lceurut Olcrijoe Dcort Ossgjiotige (ODO) moe gkcd scfohioe fcsor
mgbtcr Fcribut loeaoot lckobuboe gkodroho ocrgfij yoeh mikobuboe scjoro rutie
mokol bcscdorioe oemo>
?. Lceiehbotboe bcscdotoe noetueh
Ocrgfib tcrutolo misoroeboe uetub groeh mcehoe otou fcrcsibg pceyobit
 noetueh.
Okosoeeyo, ocrgfij mieikoi scfohoi gkodroho lclpcrbuot noetueh oemo moe
lclfoetu lclglpo morod mcehoe kcfid cacsice bcsckurud tufud.
6. Lceurueboe tcboeoe morod
Gkodroho mopot lclfoetu lceurueboe tcboeoe morod toepo gfot.
:. Lclfoetu lcehotur huko morod
Obtivitos aisib tcrotur lclfoetu lcehotur bomor iesukie moe lceurueboe huko
morod, solfik lcenoho fcrot fomoe.

=. Lcehuroehi hcnoko oslo

3. Lcehuroehi sobit brgeis
1. ]imur eyceyob 
8. Lcehotur fcrot fomoe
4. Lclpcrbuot systcl bcbcfokoe tufud
9. Lceiehbotboe bcbuotoe gtob
?0. Lceiehbotboe lggm
6.:.: Lceurut Oeeiso Olokio Ibdsoeio mitienou gkcd mr. Borkieo
Kcstori Loeaoot gkodroho ocrgfij lckiputi>
?. Lceiehbotboe fcrot fomoe moe lclpcrfoibi pgstur tufud
Zolo scpcrti nceis gkodroho koie, kotidoe ocrgfij scjoro rutie mopot lclfoetu
lcehcemokiboe fcrot fomoe mcehoe lclfobor bokgri mokol tufud.
Zceol ocrgfij nuho lolpu lcehcejoehboe gtgt moelclpcrfoibi
pgstur tufud. Mcehoe fchitu, fcrot fomoe moe pgstur tufud imcok fiso oemo
pcrgkcd.
6. Lceiehbotboe losso tukoeh moe gtgt tufud
Loeaoot gkodroho ocrgfij fcributeyo omokod lcehuotboe gtgt-gtgt tufud. Dok
iei tcetu mopot lclfoetu ohor hcroboe tufud oemo tctop kckuoso scirieh

3
  fcrtolfodeyo usio. Fchitu nuho mcehoe groeh yoeh lcemcrito
gstcgortdritis otou nceis pceyobit ortdritis koieeyo.
Vcsibg jcmcro moe notud obifot jcmcro pomo bokoehoe koenut usio mopot
 fcrburoeh mcehoe lckobuboe gkodroho bormig. Posokeyo, kotidoe
ocrgfij mcehoe ietcesitos scmoeh diehho fcrot fiso lclfoetu
mokol lcenoho bcscilfoehoe bcpomotoe tukoeh.
:. Lceolfod stolieo
Kotidoe ocrgfij yoeh mikobuboe mcehoe rutie mopot lclfoetu
mokol lceiehbotboe stolieo tufud. Mcehoe iei, tufud oemo lclikibi kcfid
foeyob cecrhy uetub lckobuboe obtivitos scdori-dori.
=. Lcehuroehi hoehhuoe timur 
Nibo oemo lcehokoli hoehhuoe timur (lisokeyo, iesgleio), jgfokod
otosi mcehoe gkodroho bormig. Zcfuod stumi lcehuehbopboe fodwo
tiehbot

bcporodoe iesgleio brgeis fiso fcrburoeh lckokui obtivitos gkodroho yoeh

mikobuboe scjoro tcrotur.
Noehoe fcrgkodroho mcehoe norob yoeh tcrkoku mcbot mcehoe wobtu timur.
Posokeyo, oemo nustru luehbie oboe kcfid sukit uetub timur.
3. Lcehuroehi mcprcsi loupue risibg mclcesio moe hoehhuoe bcjclosoe
1. Lcrcmoboe hcnoko oslo
Fohi pcemcrito oslo, gkodroho ocrgfij mopot lclfoetu mokol lcehuroehi
arcbucesi scroehoe oslo loupue tiehbot bcporodoeeyo. Bcemoti mclibioe,
oemo pcrku fcrbgesuktosi mcehoe mgbtcr scfckul lclukoi gkodroho.
Lckokui bgesuktosi lcmis, oemo oboe lcemopotboe rcbglcemosi
bchiotoe gkodroho yoeh oloe scsuoi mcehoe bgemisi bcscdotoe oemo.
8. Lcehcemokiboe bomor huko morod
Obtivitos gkodroho yoeh rutie mopot lclfoetu mokol lcehcemokiboe
bomor iesukie tufud moe lceurueboe bomor huko morod.
4. Lcehuroehi risibg pceyobit fcrot
9. Lceiehbotboe bcscdotoe noetueh moe pcrcmoroe
morod. 6.:.= Lceurut (Zdcrwggm, 600?>:=)

1
 Loeaoot ocrgfij omokod o) lceiehbotboe stolieo moe lcehuroehi bckckodoe, f)
kotidoe ocrgfij lcestilukosi systcl bcbcfokoe oemo, lclfuot oemo timob tcrkoku
rcetoe tcrdomop pceyobit bcjik yoeh miscfofboe virus, scpcrti pikcb moe aku, j)
lcehuroehircsibg bcscdotoe scpcrti gfcsitos, pceyobit noetueh, tcboeoe
morod tiehhi, strgbc, moe nceis boebcr tcrtcetu.

6.= Gkodroho Ocrgfib uetub Bcscdotoe  Lceurut Pobor

6.=.? Lceurut Agx & Birfy (?948) yoeh lceyolpoiboe fodwo kotidoe aisib yoeh
mikobuboe scjoro tcrotur lclpueyoi pgtcesi uetub lceiehbotboe bclolpuoe
bormigvosbukcr yoeh pcehorudeyo siheiaiboe tcrdomop fodoyo pceyobit
bormigvosbukcr. Moyo todoe tufud tcrdomop pceyobit lclchoeh pcroeoe pcetieh
mokol bcdimupoe, sokod sotu yoeh mopot lceuenoeh bcscdotoe tufud omokod
lclpcrbuot systcl moyo todoe tufud, borceo systcl moyo todoe tufud yoeh foib 

oboe lclpcrbuot tufud mori hoehhuoe pceyobit. Bctodoeoe tufud mori pceyobit
yoeh foib fiso mipcrgkcd mcehoe lckobuboe pckotidoe sceol ocrgfij.
6.=.6 Poro odki lcmis lcehoenurboe uetub lckobuboe gkodroho ocrgfij
ietcesitos scmoeh sctimobeyo :0 lceit pcr dori. Jgetgdeyo, nokoe
jcpot otou
 fcrceoeh.Zclcetoro gkodroho bormig mcehoe ietcesitos fcrot scfoibeyo
mikobuboe sckolo ?3 lceit tiop dori. Fcrkori otou fcrscpcmo lcrupoboe
jgetgdeyo.Nibo sumod kckod, noehoe pobso tufud uetub tcrus fcrgkodroho.
Iehotkod uetub jubup
 fcristirodot sctckod fcrgkodroho. Mcehoe iei, loeaoot gkodroho ocrgfij mopot oemo
mopotboe scjoro gptilok.
6.=.: Pobor bcscdotoe lceycfutboe nibo ocrgfij tcrlosub mokol gkodroho yoeh
foib 
 fohi noetueh sckoie fcrscpcmo, nghhieh, fcrscpob fgko, fcrceoeh,
diehho lckobuboe kotidoe fcfoe mi pusot bcfuhoroe. Eolue, ocrgfij fiso
lclfcriboe loeaoot kcfid foib mcehoe lclfuot bito lclfobor bokgri mcehoe
kcfid foeyob, lceeurueboe tcboeoe morod moe bomor bgkcstrgk nodot, moe nustru
lceiehbotboe bomor bgkcstrgk foib mi mokol tufud.
6.=.= Lceurut pobor bcscdotoe mori Olcrijoe Dcortd Ossgjiotige, mcehoe

8
lckobuboe kotidoe ocrgfij sctimobeyo :0 lceit kilo boki mokol scliehhu
sumod soehot

cacbtia uetub lclckidoro bcscdotoe noetueh. Eolue, nibo bito timob lclikibi

8
  foeyob wobtu, kotidoe ocrgfij mcehoe ietcesitos yoeh tiehhi sckolo 63 lceit
mokol : boki scliehhu nuho fiso lcenomi pikidoe. Zckoie itu, bito nuho
fiso lcehbglfieosiboeeyo mcehoe kotidoe fcfoe yoeh riehoe-riehoe sono muo
boki scliehhu uetub lcenoho bcscdotoe gtgt.Doeyo sono, nibo bito iehie
lcemopotboe dosik tcboeoe morod moe bgkcstrgk nodot sclobie lceurue,
jgfokod uetub lckobuboe ocrgfij mcehoe ietcesitos scmoeh sckolo =0 lceit
moe = boki mokol scliehhu.

6.3 Zistcl Cecrhy Gkodroho Ocrgfij, Gkodroho Oeocrgfij, moe Jolpuroe

6.3.? Zistcl cecrhy ocrgfij yoitu lcehhueoboe gbsihce uetub lcehdosikboe

O]P uetub pclfoboroe pomo gtgt. Kotidoe ocrgfij nuho miscfut kotidoe moyo
todoe. Setub bchiotoe ocrgfij, pcrku sctimobeyo : lceit mokol murosi. Obtivitos
ocrgfij lcrupoboe obtivitos yoeh fcrhoetueh tcrdomop bctcrscmiooe
gbsihce uetub 

lclfoetu prgscs pclfoboroe sulfcr cecrhy scdiehho nuho oboe

fcrhoetueh tcrdomop bcrno gptilok mori grhoe- grhoe tufud scpcrti noetueh,
poru-poru, moe
 nuho pclfukud morod uetub mopot lcehoehbut gbsihce ohor prgscs pclfoboroe
sulfcr cecrhy mopot fcrnokoe mcehoe sclpureo.
Setub nceis gkodroho bctodoeoe yoeh timob lclcrkuboe hcroboe yoeh jcpot,
 pclfcetuboe O]P tcrnomi mcehoe lctofgkislc ocrgfij. Opofiko jubup
gbsihce, lobo ? lgkc hkubgso mipcjod scjoro sclpureo lcenomi JG6
(borfgemigbsimo) moe D6G (oir) scrto lcehckuorboe cecrhy yoeh jubup uetub
rcsistcesi : lgkc O]P. Setub rcobsi tcrscfut mipcrkuboe fcrotcs-rotus
rcobsi bilio scrto
 pcrtgkgehoe fcrotcs-rotus cezil, mcehoe scemirieyo soehot rulit
fiko mifoemiehboe mcehoe bcmuo systcl tcrmoduku. Vcobsi ocrgfij iei tcrnomi mi
mokol litgjdgemrio.
6.3.6 Zistcl cecrhy oeocrgfij yoitu obtivitos ocrgfij mcehoe ietcesitos rcemod
solpoi scmoeh yoeh mopot mikobuboe scjoro bgetieu mokol wobtu yoeh
jubup kolo, scpcrti nokoe bobi, fcrscpcmo otou nuho nghhieh.Zistcl cecrhy
oeocrgfij timob lcehhueoboe gbsihce uetub lcehdosikboe O]P. Pcehhueooe
4
systcl cecrhy iei soot lckobuboe obtivitos mcehoe ietcesitos tiehhi
mcehoe jcpot otou uetub buroeh

mori : lceit. Zokod sotu okos oe bchiotoe oeocrgfij timob mopot mikobuboe uetub 

4
 wobtu yoeh kolo omokod fodwo osol kobtot lceulpub mi gtgt.
Obtivitos oeocrgfij fiosoeyo oboe lclfutudboe ietcrvok istirodot ohor
O]P mopot mirchcecrosi scdieh ho bchiotoeeyo mopot mikoenutboe
bclfoki. Jgetgd mori bchiotoe/nceis gkodroho yoeh lclikibi obtivitos
oeocrgfij mglieoe omokod kori jcpot (spriet), pusd-up, fgmy fuikmieh,
hileostib otounuho kglpot noud. Mokol
 fcfcropo nceis 6 gkodroho fcrchu otou nuho iemivimuok oboe tcrmopot puko
hcroboe- hcroboe/obtivitos scpcrti lckgejot, lcehgpcr, lckclpor,
lcecemoeh fgko, lclubuk fgko, otou nuho lcehcnor fgko mcehoe jcpot yoeh
fcrsiaot oeocrgfij.
Opofiko jomoehoe PJ yoeh mihueoboe uetub rcsistcsis O]P fcrburoeh, lobo
mikobuboe pclcjodoe jomoehoe hkibghce toepo lcehhueoboe gbsihce (oeocrgfij
hkyjgkisis). Mokol prgscs iei mipcrkuboe rcobsi yoeh kcfid poenoeh mori
pomo systcl pdgspdohce, borceo hkibgkisis iei lcehdosikboe osol kobtot,
scdiehho
 pclfcetuboe cecrhy kcwot systcl iei kcfid kolfot. Obtivitos yoeh mikobuboe

scjoro lobsilok mokol wobtu =3-10 mctib lceilfukboe obulukosi osol kobtot.
Osol kobtot yoeh tcrfcetub mokol hkibgkisis oeocrgfij oboe lceurueboe PD iei
oboe lcehdolfot bcrno cezil-cezil otou rcobsi bilio mokol sck tufud, tcrutolo
mokol gtgt scdiehho lceycfofboe bgetrobsi lcenomi kclod moe obdireyo gtgt
lcehokoli bckckodoe. Setub lcehdikoehboeeyo mipcrkuboe solpoi :-3 lceit.
Opofiko hkibgkisis oeocrgfij iei tcrus fcrkoehsueh, lobo PD oboe lcenomi soehot
rcemod scdiehho lceycfofboe otkct timob mopot lcecrusboe obtivitoseyo. Zcluo
gkodroho yoeh lclcrkuboe bcjcpotoe, pcrtolo-tolo lcehhueoboe
systcl
 pdgspdohce moe bclumioe systcl osol kobtot. Zckoenuteyo, tilfueoe osol
kobtot mopot miufod lcenomi hkubgso kohi mokol doti. Setub gkodroho yoeh
lclcrkuboe wobtu ? solpoi : lceit, cecrhy yoeh mihueoboe tcrutolo mori
hkibgkisis iei.
6.3.: Jolpuroe yoitu bchitoe gkodroho mcehoe bglfieosi oetoro obtivitos ocrgfij
moe oeocrgfij scpcrti gkodroho scpob fgko, fgko fosbct, otou nuho tceis
kopoehoe. Zckolo fcrgkodroho, scjoro imcok cecrhy dorus mopot mipcrgkcd gkcd
9
sck-sck gtgt mcehoe konu yoeh solo mcehoe bcfutudoeeyo. Lctofgkislc
pclfoboroe kclob moe borfgdimrot mcehoe bcdomiroe gbsihce (G6) miscfut
lctofgkislc ocrgfij moe lctofgkislc toepo bcdomiroe gbsihce (G6) miscfut
lctofgkislc oeocrgfij.

9
 FOF III

PCES]S

:.? Bcsilpukoe

  Ocrgfib omokod nceis gkodroho yoeh lcroehsoeh mceyut noetueh moe konu pcreoposoe
ohor lceiehbot mcehoe jcpot sckolo scsi gkodroho. Ocrgfib mibceok scfohoi bormig, yoitu
gkodroho
yoeh lclfutudboe gbsihce uetub mibiril bc fohioe gtgt yoeh fcbcrno.

  Gbsihce yoeh milobsum fcrosok moe miposgb mori noetueh lckokui morod. Gkcd borceo itu,
 foib pcreoposoe loupue mctob noetueh fiosoeyo oboe lceiehbot mcehoe jcpot sckolo obtivitos
ocrgfij.

  Zctiop lckobuboe obtivitos aisib, tufud oboe lclfcetub cecrhy uetub mipoboi scfohoi
cecrhy. Bctibo bito lckobuboe gkodroho ocrgfij, lobo scfohioe fcsor tufud
lcehhueoboe hkibghce otou huko gtgt moe jomoehoe kclob scfohoi fodoe mosor mori
pclfcetuboe cecrhy. Gkodroho nceis iei foib uetub lceurueboe fcrot fomoe moe lcenoho
bcscdotoe noetueh. Gkcd borceo itu, gkodroho ocrgfij soehot mioenurboe uetub mikobuboe gkcd
groeh yoeh lclikibi fcrot
 fomoe fcrkcfid. Mcehoe lckobuboe gkodroho ocrgfij, oemo nuho mopot lceurueboe bomor
kclob mokol tufud, lcehdiemorboe oemo uetub lcehokoli strcss, scrto lceurueboe fcrfohoi
rcsibg
 pceyobit mchcecrotivc.

:.6 Zoroe

  Gkodroho ocrgfij yoeh mikobuboe scjoro tcrubur moe tcpot oboe lclfowo foeyob pcrufodoe
 pgsitia pomo systcl tufud loeusio. Zcfoibeyo ocrgfij timob foeyob lclfcetub gtgt-gtgt tufud,
tctopi nibo mikobuboe mokol wobtu yoeh rckotivc kolo moe rchukor, oboe lclpcrfoeyob
bopikcr gtgt moe litgbgemrio (okot rcspirosi sck) uetub lcenolie supkoi gbsihce moe hkubgso bc
gtgt, otou mcehoe boto koie, lceiehbotboe bcschoroe nosloei. 

?0
 MOA]OV PSZ]OBO

Fumigrg, F. ?991. Pcehoetor Iklu Bcscdotoe Losyorobot, Zcloroeh> ABL SEMIP

Jgtcs, N. C. ?983. Kuehauejtige. ]dirm Cmitige. Gxagrm> Fkojb Xckk

Pureoloe. 60?6. Rgekiec\, (dttp>//pceiehbotoe-oeocrgf-moe-ocrgf-lckokui-pckotidoe-dorecss.

dtlk, Miobscs ?4 Noeuori 60?6).

 Otlgng Fiyobtg Lukygeg. 6008. ]cs moe Pcehuburoe mokol Pcemimiboe Nosloei/Gkodroho.
Zuroborto> KPP moe SEZ Prcss.

Ludonir. 6008. Pcemimiboe Nosloei Gkodroho moe Bcscdotoe. Foemueh> Yumdistiro

Pizzgreg, N. ?994. ]gtok Xckkecss (]crn. Zcdot moe Fcfos Pceyobit). Noborto> Hrolcmio

??